Jordanian Oil Shales: Variability, Processing Technologies, and Utilization Options

Hani Muhaisen Alnawafleh; Feras Younis Fraige; Laila Abdullah Al-khatib; Mohammad Khaleel Dweirj

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11

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Jordanian Oil Shales: Variability, Processing Technologies, and Utilization Options

Hani Muhaisen Alnawafleh, Feras Younis Fraige, Laila Abdullah Al-khatib, Mohammad Khaleel Dweirj

Published in Journal of Energy and Natural Resources (Volume 4, Issue 4)

Received: 27 July 2015 Accepted: 3 August 2015 Published: 12 August 2015

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Abstract

Jordan has a huge Oil Shale (OS) reserves with about 50 billion tons are located in the central part. Oil Shale is considered the only potentially discovered fossil fuel in Jordan. Jordanian OS is characterized by its good quality, near surface deposits with low stripping ratio. The main deposits are located in central Jordan with good road network and effectively thin population. On general, the reported physical and chemical properties suggest vertical variability pattern within the same deposits and lateral variability between the deposits. Extraction behavior also confirms such variability. The dependency of Jordan on imported crude oil and gas put extra pressure on the Jordanian economy as a result of the heavy and yet growing energy bill. The Jordanian government shows interest in commercializing its potential OS reserves and signed many agreements and memo of understanding with many external companies’ expert in OS processing, such as Shell international. In this work, the variability of Jordanian OS will be investigated with reference to the current status on their processing and utilization options

Published in	Journal of Energy and Natural Resources (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11
Page(s)	52-55
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Oil Shale, Jordan, Variability, Utilization, Processing

References

[1]	Dyni, J. 2005. "Geology and Resources of Some World Oil-Shale Deposits". USGS Report 2005-5294.
[2]	Abed, A.M.; Arouri, K,; Amiereh, B.S.; and Al-Hawari, Z. 2009. Characterization and Genesis of Some Jordanian Oil Shales. Dirasat, Pure Sciences, Volume 36, No. 1. Pp 7-17.
[3]	Jarrar, M. and Mustafa, M. 1995. Mineralogical and geochemical study of the oil shale of Wadi Esh-Shallala (N-Jordan). Abhath Al-Yarmouk "Pure Science and Engineering Series". Vol. 4.2 .Pp 111-36.
[4]	Pufahl P. K., Grimm K. A., Abed A. M., Sadaqah R. M. Y. (2003). Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) phosphorites in Jordan: implications for the formation of a south Tethyan phosphorite giant. Sedimentary Geology, vol 161. 175 - 205.
[5]	Alnawafleh, H.M. 2007. Geological Factors Controlling the Variability of Maastrichtian Bituminous Rocks In Jordan." PhD Thesis. The University of Nottingham, UK.
[6]	Abed, A.M. and Arouri, K. 2006. Characterization and Genesis of Oil shales from Jordan. International Conference on Oils Shale: "Recent Trends in Oil Shale", 7-9 November, Amman, Jordan. PAPER NO. rtos-A121.
[7]	Speers, G. C. 1969. "El-Lajjun Oil Shale Deposit Jordan". Natural Resources Authority, Amman, and BP Research Centre.
[8]	Hufnagel, H. 1980. "Investigation of the El-Lajjun Oil Shale Deposit". Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover, Technical cooperation Project NO. 78.2156.5.
[9]	Abed, A. M. 2000. The geology of Jordan and its environment and water (in Arabic). Publication of the Jordanian Geologists Association, Amman - Jordan.
[10]	Alali, J. and Sawaqed, S.(Editors). 2006. Oil Shale Resources Development in Jordan. Unpublished report. Natural Resources Authority, Amman, Jordan.
[11]	Besieso, M. 2007. Jordan’s Commercial Oil Shale Strategy. 27th Oil Shale Symposium. Colorado School of Mines, Colorado, USA.
[12]	Jaber, J.O., Thomas A. Sladek, T.A., Mernitz,S., Tarawneh, T. M. 2008. Future Policies and Strategies for Oil Shale Development in Jordan .Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering. Vol. 2. No. 1. Pp 31-44.

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Hani Muhaisen Alnawafleh, Feras Younis Fraige, Laila Abdullah Al-khatib, Mohammad Khaleel Dweirj. (2015). Jordanian Oil Shales: Variability, Processing Technologies, and Utilization Options. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 4(4), 52-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11

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ACS Style

Hani Muhaisen Alnawafleh; Feras Younis Fraige; Laila Abdullah Al-khatib; Mohammad Khaleel Dweirj. Jordanian Oil Shales: Variability, Processing Technologies, and Utilization Options. J. Energy Nat. Resour. 2015, 4(4), 52-55. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11

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AMA Style

Hani Muhaisen Alnawafleh, Feras Younis Fraige, Laila Abdullah Al-khatib, Mohammad Khaleel Dweirj. Jordanian Oil Shales: Variability, Processing Technologies, and Utilization Options. J Energy Nat Resour. 2015;4(4):52-55. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11,
  author = {Hani Muhaisen Alnawafleh and Feras Younis Fraige and Laila Abdullah Al-khatib and Mohammad Khaleel Dweirj},
  title = {Jordanian Oil Shales: Variability, Processing Technologies, and Utilization Options},
  journal = {Journal of Energy and Natural Resources},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {52-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jenr.20150404.11},
  abstract = {Jordan has a huge Oil Shale (OS) reserves with about 50 billion tons are located in the central part. Oil Shale is considered the only potentially discovered fossil fuel in Jordan. Jordanian OS is characterized by its good quality, near surface deposits with low stripping ratio. The main deposits are located in central Jordan with good road network and effectively thin population. On general, the reported physical and chemical properties suggest vertical variability pattern within the same deposits and lateral variability between the deposits. Extraction behavior also confirms such variability. The dependency of Jordan on imported crude oil and gas put extra pressure on the Jordanian economy as a result of the heavy and yet growing energy bill. The Jordanian government shows interest in commercializing its potential OS reserves and signed many agreements and memo of understanding with many external companies’ expert in OS processing, such as Shell international. In this work, the variability of Jordanian OS will be investigated with reference to the current status on their processing and utilization options},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Jordanian Oil Shales: Variability, Processing Technologies, and Utilization Options
AU  - Hani Muhaisen Alnawafleh
AU  - Feras Younis Fraige
AU  - Laila Abdullah Al-khatib
AU  - Mohammad Khaleel Dweirj
Y1  - 2015/08/12
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11
T2  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JF  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JO  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
SP  - 52
EP  - 55
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7404
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11
AB  - Jordan has a huge Oil Shale (OS) reserves with about 50 billion tons are located in the central part. Oil Shale is considered the only potentially discovered fossil fuel in Jordan. Jordanian OS is characterized by its good quality, near surface deposits with low stripping ratio. The main deposits are located in central Jordan with good road network and effectively thin population. On general, the reported physical and chemical properties suggest vertical variability pattern within the same deposits and lateral variability between the deposits. Extraction behavior also confirms such variability. The dependency of Jordan on imported crude oil and gas put extra pressure on the Jordanian economy as a result of the heavy and yet growing energy bill. The Jordanian government shows interest in commercializing its potential OS reserves and signed many agreements and memo of understanding with many external companies’ expert in OS processing, such as Shell international. In this work, the variability of Jordanian OS will be investigated with reference to the current status on their processing and utilization options
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Hani Muhaisen Alnawafleh

Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan; Faculty of Engineering, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, Jordan
Feras Younis Fraige

Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan; Faculty of Engineering, King Saud University, Al-Muzahmiayah Branch, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Laila Abdullah Al-khatib

Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan
Mohammad Khaleel Dweirj

Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan

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APA Style

Hani Muhaisen Alnawafleh, Feras Younis Fraige, Laila Abdullah Al-khatib, Mohammad Khaleel Dweirj. (2015). Jordanian Oil Shales: Variability, Processing Technologies, and Utilization Options. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 4(4), 52-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11

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ACS Style

Hani Muhaisen Alnawafleh; Feras Younis Fraige; Laila Abdullah Al-khatib; Mohammad Khaleel Dweirj. Jordanian Oil Shales: Variability, Processing Technologies, and Utilization Options. J. Energy Nat. Resour. 2015, 4(4), 52-55. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11

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AMA Style

Hani Muhaisen Alnawafleh, Feras Younis Fraige, Laila Abdullah Al-khatib, Mohammad Khaleel Dweirj. Jordanian Oil Shales: Variability, Processing Technologies, and Utilization Options. J Energy Nat Resour. 2015;4(4):52-55. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11,
  author = {Hani Muhaisen Alnawafleh and Feras Younis Fraige and Laila Abdullah Al-khatib and Mohammad Khaleel Dweirj},
  title = {Jordanian Oil Shales: Variability, Processing Technologies, and Utilization Options},
  journal = {Journal of Energy and Natural Resources},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {52-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jenr.20150404.11},
  abstract = {Jordan has a huge Oil Shale (OS) reserves with about 50 billion tons are located in the central part. Oil Shale is considered the only potentially discovered fossil fuel in Jordan. Jordanian OS is characterized by its good quality, near surface deposits with low stripping ratio. The main deposits are located in central Jordan with good road network and effectively thin population. On general, the reported physical and chemical properties suggest vertical variability pattern within the same deposits and lateral variability between the deposits. Extraction behavior also confirms such variability. The dependency of Jordan on imported crude oil and gas put extra pressure on the Jordanian economy as a result of the heavy and yet growing energy bill. The Jordanian government shows interest in commercializing its potential OS reserves and signed many agreements and memo of understanding with many external companies’ expert in OS processing, such as Shell international. In this work, the variability of Jordanian OS will be investigated with reference to the current status on their processing and utilization options},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Jordanian Oil Shales: Variability, Processing Technologies, and Utilization Options
AU  - Hani Muhaisen Alnawafleh
AU  - Feras Younis Fraige
AU  - Laila Abdullah Al-khatib
AU  - Mohammad Khaleel Dweirj
Y1  - 2015/08/12
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11
T2  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JF  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JO  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
SP  - 52
EP  - 55
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7404
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20150404.11
AB  - Jordan has a huge Oil Shale (OS) reserves with about 50 billion tons are located in the central part. Oil Shale is considered the only potentially discovered fossil fuel in Jordan. Jordanian OS is characterized by its good quality, near surface deposits with low stripping ratio. The main deposits are located in central Jordan with good road network and effectively thin population. On general, the reported physical and chemical properties suggest vertical variability pattern within the same deposits and lateral variability between the deposits. Extraction behavior also confirms such variability. The dependency of Jordan on imported crude oil and gas put extra pressure on the Jordanian economy as a result of the heavy and yet growing energy bill. The Jordanian government shows interest in commercializing its potential OS reserves and signed many agreements and memo of understanding with many external companies’ expert in OS processing, such as Shell international. In this work, the variability of Jordanian OS will be investigated with reference to the current status on their processing and utilization options
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download