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Delineation of Bitumen Saturated Zones in Agbabu, Southwestern Nigeria, Using an Integrated Geophysical Methods

Received: 13 June 2020    Accepted: 24 June 2020    Published: 13 July 2020
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Abstract

Delineation of bitumen saturated zones in Agbabu, southwestern Nigeria was carried out using an integrated geophysical methods involving the groundmagnetic and electrical resistivity methods. A total of four magnetic traverses were established in the East-west direction, each covering a total length of 130m. The groundmagnetic results revealed geologic structures favourable to accumulation of bitumen and its occurrence at near-surface. It was also revealed that the bituminous zone trend in the East- West direction of the study area. Two techniques was adopted under electrical resistivity method, the horizontal electrica profiling (HEP) and the vertical electrical sounding (VES). The HEP was used to measure the subsurface electrical variations and lateral extent of bitumen over the study area. Four traverses were established in the North-South direction for HEP and were used to generate electrical profiling curves, which showed low resistivity signatures over the study area. The low resistivity signatures were attributed to the intrusion of saline water to the bituminous zones. Two vertical electrical soundings (VES) were carried out, VES1 and VES2 which were carried out on traverse 1 and traverse 3 had five and six geologic layers respectively. The bitumen saturated zones were found to be within layers three and four and underlained by saline water. The average depth to the bitumen saturated zones was found to be between 3.1m and 23.3m downwards. The near-surface occurrence of natural bitumen and the intrusion of saline water might hinder the feasibility of pure and quality water from the shallow hand-dug wells within the study area.

DOI 10.11648/j.jenr.20200903.11
Published in Journal of Energy and Natural Resources (Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2020)
Page(s) 88-97
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Agbabu, Bitumen, Saturated Zone, Horizontal Electrical Profiling, Faults, Groundmagnetic

References
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[2] Ako BD, Alabi AO, Adekoe OS, Enu EI (1983). Application of Resistivity Sounding in the Exploration for Nigeria Tar Sand, Energy and Exploitation © Graham and Trotman Limited 2 (2): 155-164.
[3] Omatsola ME, Adegoke OS (1981). Tectonic evolution and Cretaceous Stratigraphy of Dahomey Basin Nigeria. J. Min. Geol. 1: 44-48.
[4] Kingston D. R., Dishroon C. P. and Williams P. A., (1983): Global Basin Classification System, AAPG. Bull., Vol. 67, pp. 2175-2193.
[5] Asubiojo, O. I. and Adebiyi, F. M. (2013): The Impact of Bitumen Deposits on Groundwater Quality. Journal, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, Vol. 36, issue 4, Pp 445-456.
[6] Adegoke OS, Enu EI, Ajayi TR, Ako BD, Omatsola ME, Afonja AA (1981). Tar Sand a New Energy Raw Mater. in Nigeria Proceeding Symposium on New Energy Raw Material. karlovy, pages pp. 17-22.
[7] Enu, E. I. (1985): Textural characteristic of the Nigeria Tar sands. Sedimentology geology. Vol. 44, pp 65-81.
[8] Odunaike RK, Laoye JA, Fasunwon OO, Ijeoma GC, Akinyemi LP (2010). Geophysical mapping of the occurence of shallow oil sands in Idiopopo at Okitipupa area, Southwestern, Nigeria. Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol. 4 (1) pp. 034-044.
[9] Odunaike R. K., Ijeoma G. C., Edigbe R. O., Babatope A. H., (2009): Oil Sands Exploration in Ijebu-Imushin Using Magnetic and Electrical Resistivity Method: 11th SAGA Biennial Meeting and Exhibition Swaziland, 247- 252.
[10] Alagbe, O. A. (2018): 2D Geoelectrical Resistivity Imaging for the Assessment of Subsurface Soil Corrosivity Zones at a Proposed Filling Station Site in Akure, Southwestern Nigeria. International Advance Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 5, Issue 11, Pp 58-73.
[11] Federal Ministry of Solid Minerals Development (FMSMD) (2006). Technical Overview in Nigeria’s Bitumen Belt and Development Potential. Report, PP. 1-14, Federal Ministry of Solid Minerials Development, Abuja, Nigeria.
[12] Akinmosin A, Omosanya KO, Ariyo SO, Folorunsho AF, Aiyeola SO (2011). Structural control for Bitumen Seepages in Imeri, Southwestern, Nigeria. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 01, 93-103.
[13] Akinmosin, A.(2012). Characterization of a bitumen seepage in Eastern Dahomey Basin, SW, Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research, 3 (4): 2078-2089.
[14] McConnel, D. and Glen, T. (2008): Athabasca oil sands exploration and development investigation using the helicopter-borne transient electromagnetic techni, Back to exploration-2008 CSPG CWLS convention pp 701-705.
[15] Bauman, P. (2005): 2-D Resistivity Surveying for hydrocarbon-A Primer. CSEG Recorder, April, pp 25-33.
[16] Okpoli, C. K. and Eyitoyo, F. B (2016): Aeromagnetic Study of Okitipupa Region, Southwestern Nigeria. International Basic and Applied Research Journal, Vol. 2, No. 7 PP 1-20.
[17] Sunmonu, L. A.; Alagbe, O. A. and Adeniji, A. A. (2014): Groundmagnetic method for subsurface structural analysis around Ogbagba, Southwestern Nigeria. Open Transactions on Geosciences, vol. 1, No. 4, Pp 1-10.
[18] Sunmonu, L. A. and Alagbe, O. A. (2011): Groundmagnetic study to locate buried faults (A case study of abandoned local governmemt secretariat in Ogbomoso). International Journal of Physics, vol. 3, No. 1, Pp 70-75.
[19] Alagbe, O. A; Sunmonu, L. A; Adabanija, M. A (2010), Study on the groundwater accumulation Oke-Ogba area using ground magnetic survey. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. December, Vol. 14 (4) 25-30.
[20] Alagbe, O. A.; Sanusi, S. O. and Bamigboye, A. A. (2019): 2D Electrical resistivity Prospecting for Groundwater at the Premises of the Staff Quarters of Elizade University, Ilara Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria. World Journal of Innovative Research, Vol. 6, issue 2, Pp 100-108.
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Author Information
  • Department of Applied Geophysics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria

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    Alagbe Olufemi Adigun. (2020). Delineation of Bitumen Saturated Zones in Agbabu, Southwestern Nigeria, Using an Integrated Geophysical Methods. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 9(3), 88-97. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20200903.11

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    Alagbe Olufemi Adigun. Delineation of Bitumen Saturated Zones in Agbabu, Southwestern Nigeria, Using an Integrated Geophysical Methods. J. Energy Nat. Resour. 2020, 9(3), 88-97. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20200903.11

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    AMA Style

    Alagbe Olufemi Adigun. Delineation of Bitumen Saturated Zones in Agbabu, Southwestern Nigeria, Using an Integrated Geophysical Methods. J Energy Nat Resour. 2020;9(3):88-97. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20200903.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jenr.20200903.11,
      author = {Alagbe Olufemi Adigun},
      title = {Delineation of Bitumen Saturated Zones in Agbabu, Southwestern Nigeria, Using an Integrated Geophysical Methods},
      journal = {Journal of Energy and Natural Resources},
      volume = {9},
      number = {3},
      pages = {88-97},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jenr.20200903.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20200903.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jenr.20200903.11},
      abstract = {Delineation of bitumen saturated zones in Agbabu, southwestern Nigeria was carried out using an integrated geophysical methods involving the groundmagnetic and electrical resistivity methods. A total of four magnetic traverses were established in the East-west direction, each covering a total length of 130m. The groundmagnetic results revealed geologic structures favourable to accumulation of bitumen and its occurrence at near-surface. It was also revealed that the bituminous zone trend in the East- West direction of the study area. Two techniques was adopted under electrical resistivity method, the horizontal electrica profiling (HEP) and the vertical electrical sounding (VES). The HEP was used to measure the subsurface electrical variations and lateral extent of bitumen over the study area. Four traverses were established in the North-South direction for HEP and were used to generate electrical profiling curves, which showed low resistivity signatures over the study area. The low resistivity signatures were attributed to the intrusion of saline water to the bituminous zones. Two vertical electrical soundings (VES) were carried out, VES1 and VES2 which were carried out on traverse 1 and traverse 3 had five and six geologic layers respectively. The bitumen saturated zones were found to be within layers three and four and underlained by saline water. The average depth to the bitumen saturated zones was found to be between 3.1m and 23.3m downwards. The near-surface occurrence of natural bitumen and the intrusion of saline water might hinder the feasibility of pure and quality water from the shallow hand-dug wells within the study area.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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    AU  - Alagbe Olufemi Adigun
    Y1  - 2020/07/13
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    JO  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
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    AB  - Delineation of bitumen saturated zones in Agbabu, southwestern Nigeria was carried out using an integrated geophysical methods involving the groundmagnetic and electrical resistivity methods. A total of four magnetic traverses were established in the East-west direction, each covering a total length of 130m. The groundmagnetic results revealed geologic structures favourable to accumulation of bitumen and its occurrence at near-surface. It was also revealed that the bituminous zone trend in the East- West direction of the study area. Two techniques was adopted under electrical resistivity method, the horizontal electrica profiling (HEP) and the vertical electrical sounding (VES). The HEP was used to measure the subsurface electrical variations and lateral extent of bitumen over the study area. Four traverses were established in the North-South direction for HEP and were used to generate electrical profiling curves, which showed low resistivity signatures over the study area. The low resistivity signatures were attributed to the intrusion of saline water to the bituminous zones. Two vertical electrical soundings (VES) were carried out, VES1 and VES2 which were carried out on traverse 1 and traverse 3 had five and six geologic layers respectively. The bitumen saturated zones were found to be within layers three and four and underlained by saline water. The average depth to the bitumen saturated zones was found to be between 3.1m and 23.3m downwards. The near-surface occurrence of natural bitumen and the intrusion of saline water might hinder the feasibility of pure and quality water from the shallow hand-dug wells within the study area.
    VL  - 9
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