Ethanolysis of Calabash (Lageneria sinceraria) Seed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel

Muhammad Mukhtar; Chika Muhammad; Musa Usman Dabai; Muhammad Mamuda

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13

| Peer-Reviewed

Ethanolysis of Calabash (Lageneria sinceraria) Seed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel

Muhammad Mukhtar, Chika Muhammad, Musa Usman Dabai, Muhammad Mamuda

Published in American Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 6)

Received: 18 August 2014 Accepted: 3 September 2014 Published: 8 January 2015

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Biodiesel production from plant seed oil and animal fat is not a new technologies, though recently searching for alternative renewable sources of fuel is receiving much attention due to global energy demand and increase in environmental pollution. Currently biodiesel is largely produced from edible oil feedstock which may not be sustainable in the longer term due to its competition with food, thus lead to a search for not edible oil feedstock for the production of green fuel. In view of this, homogeneous transesterification of Lageneraria sinceraria seed oil has been carried out using NaOH catalyst at 65 ͦ C with ethanol which produced a good biodiesel yield of 78% with HHV of 36.34 (MJ/Kg), 0.02% low total water and sediment level, 0.80g/cm3 density, 0.82 g/cm3 specific gravity, 27.20 g/cm3 API gravity, 0.44 mg NaOH/g Acid number and 144oC Flash point. The ethyl ester biodiesel produced, therefore, promises to be a viable source of energy for future use.

Published in	American Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13
Page(s)	141-145
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ethyl Ester, Quality Parameters, HHV, Lageneraria Sinceraria, Seed Oil

References

[1]	A.B.M.S. Hossain and A. Salleh, Biodiesel fuel production from Algae as renewable energy, American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 4 (3): 250-254, (2008).
[2]	B. R. Dhar and K. Kirtania, Excess methanol recovery in biodiesel production process using a distillation column: A simulation study, Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin, 13; Pp. 55-60, (2009).
[3]	Y.C. L. Dennis, X. Wu and M.K.H. Leung, a review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification, Applied Energy, 87: Pp. 1083–1095, (2010).
[4]	D.Y.C., Leung, X, Wu and M.K.H., Leung, A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed Transesterification, Applied Energy, 87:Pp. 1083–1095, (2010).
[5]	R. Luque, L. Herrero-Davila, J. M. Campelo, J. H. Clark, J. M. Hidalgo, D. Luna, J. M. Marinasa and A. A. Romero, Biofuels: a technological perspective, Energy & Environmental Science, 1(5); Pp. 513–596, (2008).
[6]	B. Metz, O. R. Davidson, P. R. Bosch, R. Dave and L. A. Meyer, IPCC, Climate change 2007: Mitigation, Contribution of working group 3 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, USA, (2007).
[7]	A.P. S. Chouhanand A.K., Sarma, Modern heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production:A comprehensive review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15: Pp. 4378 – 4399, (2011).
[8]	W. D. Huang and Y. H. P. Zhang, Analysis of biofuels production from sugar based on three criteria: Thermodynamics, bioenergetics, and product separation, Energy& Environmental Science,4:Pp.784-792, (2011).
[9]	N.N.A.N. Yusuf, S.K. Kamarudinand, Z. Yaakub, Overview on the current trends in biodiesel production, Energy Conversion and Management,52 , Pp. 2741–2751, (2011).
[10]	Y. Zhang, M.A. Du, D.D. McLean and M. Kates, Review Paper; Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: Process design and technological assessment, Bioresource Technology, 89 ,1–16, , (2003).
[11]	R. Wang, W. W, Zhou, M. A. Hann, Y. P. Zhang, P. S. Bhadury, Y. Wang, B. A. Song and S. Yang, Biodiesel preparation, optimization, and fuel properties from non-edible feedstock, Daturastramonium L. Fuel, 91, Pp.182–186, (2012).
[12]	O. S. Valente, V. M. D. Pasa, C. R. P. Belchior and J. R. Sodré, Physical–chemical properties of waste cooking oil biodiesel and castor oil biodiesel blends, Fuel, 90, Pp. 1700–1702, (2011).
[13]	G. Hincapié, F. Mondragón and D., López, Conventional and in situ transesterification of castor seed oil for biodiesel production, Fuel 90, Pp. 1618–1623, (2011).
[14]	H.V. Lee , J.C. Juan a Y.H. Tauﬁq-Yap,(2015), Preparation and application of binary acid–base CaO–La2O3 catalyst for biodiesel production, Renewable Energy, 74:Pp. 124–132(2015)
[15]	M. Balat, Potential alternatives to edible oils for biodiesel production – A review of current work,, Energy Conversion and Management, 52, Pp. 1479–1492, (2011).
[16]	B. Garbaand A.M. Bashir, Managing energy in Nigeria: Study on energy consumption pattern in selected Rural Areas in Sokoto State. Nigeria Journal of Renewable Energy, 10. (1&2):97-107, (2002).
[17]	B. Garba and U. P. Ojukwu, Biodegradation of water Hyacinth as an alternative source of fuel: A review. Journal of Renewable Energy, 6 (1&2): Pp.12-15, (1999).
[18]	N. K. Sahoo, A. K. Satyawati and S.N. Naik, Interaction of Jatropha curcas plantation with ecosystem: proceedings of international conference on energy and Enviroment: Pp. 19-21, (2009).
[19]	T. Whittington, Biodiesel Production and use by farmers: is it worth considering? Department of agriculture and food, government of western Australia, available at: http://www.bebioenergy.com/documents/Onfarmbiodieselprod.pdf accessed on 10/03/2013, (2006).
[20]	B. R. Moser, and S. F. Vaughn, Efficacy of fatty acid profile as a tool for screening feedstocks for biodiesel production, Biomass and Bioenergy, 3 7, Pp.31-41, ( 2 0 1 2 ).
[21]	A. Anastasov, Biodiesel-Basic characteristics, technology and perspectives, Biotecnol&Biotechnol Anniversary scientific conference, available online at www.diagnosisp.com/dp/journals/view_pdf.php?...id..., Accessed on 14/03/2013, (2009).
[22]	O. Olaofe, H.N Ogungbenle, B.E Akhadelor, A.O Idris, O.V , O.T Omotehinse and O.A Ogunbodede, Physico chemical and fatty acids composition of oils from some legume seeds, International Journal of Biological, Pharmacy and Allied Science, 1(3): 355-363,( 2012)
[23]	N. A., Sani , L. G., Hassan, S. M., Dangoggo , M. J., Ladan, I. Ali-baba and K.J. Umar, Effect of Fermentation on the Nutritional and Antinutritional Composition of Lagenaria Siceraria Seeds, Journal of Applied Chemistry, 5( 2): Pp. 01-06 , (2013).
[24]	S. Puhan, N. Vedaraman, V.B, Boppana, G. Ram, Sankarnarayanan and Jeychendran, Mahua Oil (MadhucaIndica Seed Oil) methyl ester as biodiesel: preparation and emission characteristics. Biomass and Bioenergy, 28:87 – 93,(2005).
[25]	S. S. Rahayu and A. Mindaryani, Methanolysis of Coconut Oil: the kinetic of heterogeneous reaction, Proceedings of the world congress on engineering and c omputer science 2009, Vol I, WCECS 2009, October 20-22, 2009, San Francisco,USA, available online at;http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2009/WCECS2009_pp134-138.pdf, Accessed on 14/03/2013, (2009).
[26]	Mukhtar, M. Dangoggo, S.M. and Ross,A.B. (2012),Low Temperature/Pressure Hydrothermal Microwave as a Potential Alternative Method of Processing Microalgae, Proceeding of the 35th Chemical Society of Nigeria, Annual and International Conference, 1, Pp. 510-515.
[27]	J.V. Gerpen, B. Chanks, R. Pruszo, D. Clements and G. Knoth, Biodiesel Analytical Methods Subcontractor Report, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. August, 2002-January, 2004, NREL/SR-510-36240, available at; http://www.bentlybiofuels.com/pdfs/NREL_BD_Analytical.pdf accessed on 16/01/2012, (2004).
[28]	A. E Atabani, A. S. Siltonga, H. C Ong, T.M.I. Mahila and H.H. Masjuki, Non-edible vegetable oils: a critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production, renewable and sustainable energy review, 18; Pp. 211—245, (2013)
[29]	S.K, Hoekmana, A, Broch. C., Robbins, E., Ceniceros, M., Natarajan, Review of biodiesel composition, properties and specifications, Renewable and sustainable Energy Reviews, 16. P. 143-169, (2012)
[30]	L.F. Ramirez-Verduzeo, J.E. Rodriguez-Rodriguez, A.R. Jaramillo-Jacob, Predicting cetene number, kinematic viscosity, density and higher heating value of biodiesel from its fatty acid methyl ester composition, Fuel, 91, P. 102-111, (2012)
[31]	A. Javidialesaadi and S. Raeissi, Biodiesel production from higher free fatty acid content oils: experimental investigation of the pretreatment step, APCBEE procedia,5; Pp. 474-478, (2013)
[32]	P. Sexena, S. Jawale and M. Joshipura, A review on prediction of properties of biodiesel and blends of biodiesel, Procedia Engineering, 51; Pp. 395-402, (2013)
[33]	K. Sivaramakrishnan and P. Ravikumar, Determination of Cetane number of biodiesel and its influence on physical properties, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 7( 2):Pp. 205-211,(2012)
[34]	I.M. Atadashi, M.K. Aroua, A.R. Abdul Aziz and N.M.N. Sulaiman, (2011),Reﬁning technologies for the puriﬁcation of crude biodiesel, Applied Energy, 88 : 4239–4251
[35]	Ross, A.B. and Biller, P. (2011), Potential yields and properties of oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae with different biochemical content, Bioresource Technology, 102: Pp. 215–225.
[36]	Knothe, G. (2008). “Designer” Biodiesel: Optimizing fatty ester composition to improve fuel properties. Ener. Fuels 22: 1358-1364.
[37]	K. Sivaramakrishnan and P. Ravikumar, Determination of higher heating value of biodiesels, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 3 (11):Pp. 7981-7987,( 2011)
[38]	S. A Karmee and A. Chadha, preparation of biodiesel from crude oil of Pongamia Pinnata, Bioresource technology, 96(13); Pp. 1425- 1429, (2005).

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Muhammad Mukhtar, Chika Muhammad, Musa Usman Dabai, Muhammad Mamuda. (2015). Ethanolysis of Calabash (Lageneria sinceraria) Seed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel. American Journal of Energy Engineering, 2(6), 141-145. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Muhammad Mukhtar; Chika Muhammad; Musa Usman Dabai; Muhammad Mamuda. Ethanolysis of Calabash (Lageneria sinceraria) Seed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel. Am. J. Energy Eng. 2015, 2(6), 141-145. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Muhammad Mukhtar, Chika Muhammad, Musa Usman Dabai, Muhammad Mamuda. Ethanolysis of Calabash (Lageneria sinceraria) Seed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel. Am J Energy Eng. 2015;2(6):141-145. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13,
  author = {Muhammad Mukhtar and Chika Muhammad and Musa Usman Dabai and Muhammad Mamuda},
  title = {Ethanolysis of Calabash (Lageneria sinceraria) Seed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel},
  journal = {American Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {141-145},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajee.20140206.13},
  abstract = {Biodiesel production from plant seed oil and animal fat is not a new technologies, though recently searching for alternative renewable sources of fuel is receiving much attention due to global energy demand and increase in environmental pollution. Currently biodiesel is largely produced from edible oil feedstock which may not be sustainable in the longer term due to its competition with food, thus lead to a search for not edible oil feedstock for the production of green fuel. In view of this, homogeneous transesterification of Lageneraria sinceraria seed oil has been carried out using NaOH catalyst at 65 ͦ C with ethanol which produced a good biodiesel yield of 78% with HHV of 36.34 (MJ/Kg), 0.02% low total water and sediment level, 0.80g/cm3 density, 0.82 g/cm3 specific gravity, 27.20 g/cm3 API gravity, 0.44 mg NaOH/g Acid number and 144oC Flash point. The ethyl ester biodiesel produced, therefore, promises to be a viable source of energy for future use.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ethanolysis of Calabash (Lageneria sinceraria) Seed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel
AU  - Muhammad Mukhtar
AU  - Chika Muhammad
AU  - Musa Usman Dabai
AU  - Muhammad Mamuda
Y1  - 2015/01/08
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13
T2  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 141
EP  - 145
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-163X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13
AB  - Biodiesel production from plant seed oil and animal fat is not a new technologies, though recently searching for alternative renewable sources of fuel is receiving much attention due to global energy demand and increase in environmental pollution. Currently biodiesel is largely produced from edible oil feedstock which may not be sustainable in the longer term due to its competition with food, thus lead to a search for not edible oil feedstock for the production of green fuel. In view of this, homogeneous transesterification of Lageneraria sinceraria seed oil has been carried out using NaOH catalyst at 65 ͦ C with ethanol which produced a good biodiesel yield of 78% with HHV of 36.34 (MJ/Kg), 0.02% low total water and sediment level, 0.80g/cm3 density, 0.82 g/cm3 specific gravity, 27.20 g/cm3 API gravity, 0.44 mg NaOH/g Acid number and 144oC Flash point. The ethyl ester biodiesel produced, therefore, promises to be a viable source of energy for future use.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Muhammad Mukhtar

Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P. M. B, 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
Chika Muhammad

Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P. M. B, 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
Musa Usman Dabai

Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P. M. B, 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
Muhammad Mamuda

Sokoto Energy Research Centre, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P. M. B, 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Muhammad Mukhtar, Chika Muhammad, Musa Usman Dabai, Muhammad Mamuda. (2015). Ethanolysis of Calabash (Lageneria sinceraria) Seed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel. American Journal of Energy Engineering, 2(6), 141-145. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Muhammad Mukhtar; Chika Muhammad; Musa Usman Dabai; Muhammad Mamuda. Ethanolysis of Calabash (Lageneria sinceraria) Seed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel. Am. J. Energy Eng. 2015, 2(6), 141-145. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Muhammad Mukhtar, Chika Muhammad, Musa Usman Dabai, Muhammad Mamuda. Ethanolysis of Calabash (Lageneria sinceraria) Seed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel. Am J Energy Eng. 2015;2(6):141-145. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13,
  author = {Muhammad Mukhtar and Chika Muhammad and Musa Usman Dabai and Muhammad Mamuda},
  title = {Ethanolysis of Calabash (Lageneria sinceraria) Seed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel},
  journal = {American Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {141-145},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajee.20140206.13},
  abstract = {Biodiesel production from plant seed oil and animal fat is not a new technologies, though recently searching for alternative renewable sources of fuel is receiving much attention due to global energy demand and increase in environmental pollution. Currently biodiesel is largely produced from edible oil feedstock which may not be sustainable in the longer term due to its competition with food, thus lead to a search for not edible oil feedstock for the production of green fuel. In view of this, homogeneous transesterification of Lageneraria sinceraria seed oil has been carried out using NaOH catalyst at 65 ͦ C with ethanol which produced a good biodiesel yield of 78% with HHV of 36.34 (MJ/Kg), 0.02% low total water and sediment level, 0.80g/cm3 density, 0.82 g/cm3 specific gravity, 27.20 g/cm3 API gravity, 0.44 mg NaOH/g Acid number and 144oC Flash point. The ethyl ester biodiesel produced, therefore, promises to be a viable source of energy for future use.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ethanolysis of Calabash (Lageneria sinceraria) Seed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel
AU  - Muhammad Mukhtar
AU  - Chika Muhammad
AU  - Musa Usman Dabai
AU  - Muhammad Mamuda
Y1  - 2015/01/08
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13
T2  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 141
EP  - 145
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-163X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20140206.13
AB  - Biodiesel production from plant seed oil and animal fat is not a new technologies, though recently searching for alternative renewable sources of fuel is receiving much attention due to global energy demand and increase in environmental pollution. Currently biodiesel is largely produced from edible oil feedstock which may not be sustainable in the longer term due to its competition with food, thus lead to a search for not edible oil feedstock for the production of green fuel. In view of this, homogeneous transesterification of Lageneraria sinceraria seed oil has been carried out using NaOH catalyst at 65 ͦ C with ethanol which produced a good biodiesel yield of 78% with HHV of 36.34 (MJ/Kg), 0.02% low total water and sediment level, 0.80g/cm3 density, 0.82 g/cm3 specific gravity, 27.20 g/cm3 API gravity, 0.44 mg NaOH/g Acid number and 144oC Flash point. The ethyl ester biodiesel produced, therefore, promises to be a viable source of energy for future use.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download