International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy

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Introduction to Radioactive Materials

Received: 23 May 2014    Accepted: 29 May 2014    Published: 30 May 2014
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Abstract

Radioactivity is a part of nature. Everything is made of atoms. Radioactive atoms are unstable; that is, they have too much energy. When radioactive atoms spontaneously release their extra energy, they are said to decay. All radioactive atoms decay eventually, though they do not all decay at the same rate. After releasing all their excess energy, the atoms become stable and are no longer radioactive. The time required for decay depends upon the type of atom. When the nucleus of a radionuclide spontaneously gives up its extra energy, that energy is called ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation may take the form of alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijrse.20140303.13
Published in International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy (Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2014)
Page(s) 59-67
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Radioactive Materials, Uranium, Plutonium, Iodine, Polonium, Sodium, Fluorine Carbon, Cobalt, Lead, Radon

References
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[3] Some Physics of Uranium
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[6] Rhodes, Richard (1995). Dark sun: The making of the hydrogen bomb. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-80400-X.
[7] "Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Nanomedicine: Hybrid Nanoparticles In Imaging and Therapy of Prostate Cancer". Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri-Columbia.
[8] Hainfeld, James F.; Dilmanian, F. Avraham; Slatkin, Daniel N.; Smilowitz, Henry M. (2008). "Radiotherapy enhancement with gold nanoparticles". Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 60 (8): 977–85. Doi: 10.1211/jpp.60.8.0005. PMID 18644191.
[9] "Green Tea and Gold Nanoparticles Destroy Prostate Tumors". 2012.
[10] Waptstra, A.H.; Audi, G. and Thibault, C. "AME atomic mass evaluation 2003". Retrieved 2007-06-03.
[11] Kamen, Martin D. (1963). "Early History of Carbon-14: Discovery of this supremely important tracer was expected in the physical sense but not in the chemical sense". Science 140 (3567): 584–590. Bibcode:1963Sci.140.584K. Doi:10.1126/science.140.3567.584. PM-ID 17737092.
[12] Godwin, H (1962). "Half-life of radiocarbon". Nature 195 (4845): 984. Bib-code:1962Natur.195..984G. Doi:10.1038/195984a0
[13] "What is carbon dating?". National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility. Retrieved 2007-06-11
[14] Polyanskiy 1986, p. 16.
[15] G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties". Nuclear Physics a 729 (1): 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. Doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001..
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Author Information
  • Department of Physics, Payame Noor University, PO Box 19395-3697 Tehran, Iran

  • Faculty of Physics, Shahid Bahonar University, P.O. Box 76175, Kerman, Iran

  • Department of Physics, Payame Noor University, PO Box 19395-3697 Tehran, Iran

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  • APA Style

    Askari Mohammad Bagher, Mirzaei Vahid, Mirhabibi Mohsen. (2014). Introduction to Radioactive Materials. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 3(3), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20140303.13

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    ACS Style

    Askari Mohammad Bagher; Mirzaei Vahid; Mirhabibi Mohsen. Introduction to Radioactive Materials. Int. J. Sustain. Green Energy 2014, 3(3), 59-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20140303.13

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    AMA Style

    Askari Mohammad Bagher, Mirzaei Vahid, Mirhabibi Mohsen. Introduction to Radioactive Materials. Int J Sustain Green Energy. 2014;3(3):59-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20140303.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijrse.20140303.13,
      author = {Askari Mohammad Bagher and Mirzaei Vahid and Mirhabibi Mohsen},
      title = {Introduction to Radioactive Materials},
      journal = {International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy},
      volume = {3},
      number = {3},
      pages = {59-67},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijrse.20140303.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20140303.13},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijrse.20140303.13},
      abstract = {Radioactivity is a part of nature. Everything is made of atoms. Radioactive atoms are unstable; that is, they have too much energy. When radioactive atoms spontaneously release their extra energy, they are said to decay. All radioactive atoms decay eventually, though they do not all decay at the same rate. After releasing all their excess energy, the atoms become stable and are no longer radioactive. The time required for decay depends upon the type of atom. When the nucleus of a radionuclide spontaneously gives up its extra energy, that energy is called ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation may take the form of alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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    AU  - Askari Mohammad Bagher
    AU  - Mirzaei Vahid
    AU  - Mirhabibi Mohsen
    Y1  - 2014/05/30
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijrse.20140303.13
    T2  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
    JF  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
    JO  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
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    AB  - Radioactivity is a part of nature. Everything is made of atoms. Radioactive atoms are unstable; that is, they have too much energy. When radioactive atoms spontaneously release their extra energy, they are said to decay. All radioactive atoms decay eventually, though they do not all decay at the same rate. After releasing all their excess energy, the atoms become stable and are no longer radioactive. The time required for decay depends upon the type of atom. When the nucleus of a radionuclide spontaneously gives up its extra energy, that energy is called ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation may take the form of alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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