Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes

Eshetu Getahun; Eshetu Getahun; Nigus Gabiyye; Nigus Gabiyye

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17

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Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes

Eshetu Getahun, Eshetu Getahun, Nigus Gabiyye, Nigus Gabiyye

Published in International Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 28 May 2013 Accepted: Published: 20 June 2013

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Abstract

Production of biodiesel from industrial waste oil is becoming a primary candidate to overcome the problems associated with energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this study, low cost feed stocks leather industry fleshing waste was investigated experimentally for the production of biodiesel. The fleshing oil, which was investigated experimentally, had high acid value of 24.66mgKOH/g and FFA level of 12.33%. As a result, acid pretreatment followed by transestrifcation reaction path was chosen to produce biodiesel. Boric acid was used to reduce the lime of the flesh and sulfuric acid as catalyst and methanol as alcohol were used to reduce the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5% in the pretreatment reaction. After reducing the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5%, transestrification reaction was conducted with alkaline catalyst potassium hydroxide. Several experiments were performed in a wide range of operating conditions to screen out the optimum operating parameters for the extraction of biodiesel from fleshing oil. The result demonstrated that 6:1 ration of methanol to oil, 1% of catalyst, temperature of 60oc and a contact time of 1hr are found to be the optimum operating parameters in the transesterification reaction. Over 97% conversion of the oil was achieved at the specified optimum operating conditions. Characterization the produced FAME reveals that viscosity of 4.47mm2/s, density of 876kg/m3, cetane number of 40.7 and iodine value of 61.3gI2/100ml were obtained. The fleshing oil biodiesel was compared with the international standards (ASTM and EN) and the result was in good agreement.

Published in	International Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17
Page(s)	120-129
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fleshing oil, Transestrification, Alkaline Catalyst, Pretreatment, Biodiesel

References

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[2]	Ratledge, Boulton CA. Fats and oils. In: Moo Young M., Blanch HN, Dream S, Wang DIC, editors, Comparative Biotechnology in industry, agriculture and medicine, 1985, vol. 3. New York: Pergamon Press, p. 983– 1003.
[3]	Lee I, Johnson LA, Hammond EG. Use of branched-chain esters to reduce the crystallization temperature of Biodiesel. 1995, JAOCS; 72:1155–60.
[4]	The Federal Environmental Protection Authority, Environmental impact Assessment Guideline for Tanneries
[5]	Alptekin E et al. Evaluation of leather industry wastes as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Fuel (2011), doi: 10.1016/ j.fuel.2011.08.055.
[6]	Kolomaznik K, Barinova M, Furst T. Possibility of using tannery waste for biodiesel production. JALCA 2009; 104:177–82.
[7]	ASTM D 6751. ASTM’s Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels.
[8]	Fukuda, H., A. Kondo, and H. Noda. 2001. "Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification
[9]	Vivian Feddern et al., Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Brazil. Animal Fat Wastes for Biodiesel
[10]	Caye M. Drapcho, Nghiem Phu Nhuan and Terry H. Walker. Bio-fuels Engineering Process Technology.
[11]	Andualem Ayalew. Cleaner Production Options for Solid Waste Management in the Leather Industry. Addis Ababa University.
[12]	Schinas P. Karavalakis G. Davaris C, Anastopoulos G, Karonis D, Zannikos F, et al. Pumpkin (Cuccurbita pepo L) seed oil as an alternative feedstock for the production of biodiesel in Greece. Biomass Bioenerg 2009:33(1):44-9.
[13]	Alhasan M, Isah AG and Garba MU (2005). Production and Characterization of Biodiesel from Cottonseed Oil. The 6th Annual Engineering Conference S.E.E.T. F.U.T. Minna, 2005.
[14]	Cocks, L. V. and Vanrede, C. Laboratory Hand book for oil and Fat analysis. New York: Lawson press, 1984.
[15]	Susan A. Roces, Raymond Tan, Francisco Jose T. Da Cruz, Shuren C. Gong, and Rison K. Veracruz. Methanolysis of Jatropha Oil Using Conventional Heating.
[16]	Ananthakrishnan TN (1982). Bioresources Ecology, Volume 2. Oxford & IBH Publishing
[17]	Drapcho, Caye, Nghiem Phu Nhuan and Terry H.Walker. Biofuels Engineering Process Technology. New York Chi
[18]	Canakci, M., and J. Van Gerpen. 1999. "Biodiesel production via acid cataly-sis." Trans ASAE. 42:1203–1210. cago San Fr: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2008.
[19]	ASTM D 6751. ASTM’s Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels.
[20]	Isler A, Sundu S, Tuter M, Karaosmanoglu F. Transesteriﬁcation reaction of the fat
[21]	Colak S, Zengin G, Ozgunay H, Sari O, Sarıkahya H, Yuceer L. Utilisation of leather

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APA Style

Eshetu Getahun, Eshetu Getahun, Nigus Gabiyye, Nigus Gabiyye. (2013). Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 2(3), 120-129. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17

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ACS Style

Eshetu Getahun; Eshetu Getahun; Nigus Gabiyye; Nigus Gabiyye. Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes. Int. J. Sustain. Green Energy 2013, 2(3), 120-129. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17

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AMA Style

Eshetu Getahun, Eshetu Getahun, Nigus Gabiyye, Nigus Gabiyye. Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes. Int J Sustain Green Energy. 2013;2(3):120-129. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17,
  author = {Eshetu Getahun and Eshetu Getahun and Nigus Gabiyye and Nigus Gabiyye},
  title = {Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes},
  journal = {International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {120-129},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijrse.20130203.17},
  abstract = {Production of biodiesel from industrial waste oil is becoming a primary candidate to overcome the problems associated with energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this study, low cost feed stocks leather industry fleshing waste was investigated experimentally for the production of biodiesel. The fleshing oil, which was investigated experimentally, had high acid value of 24.66mgKOH/g and FFA level of 12.33%. As a result, acid pretreatment followed by transestrifcation reaction path was chosen to produce biodiesel. Boric acid was used to reduce the lime of the flesh and sulfuric acid as catalyst and methanol as alcohol were used to reduce the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5% in the pretreatment reaction. After reducing the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5%, transestrification reaction was conducted with alkaline catalyst potassium hydroxide. Several experiments were performed in a wide range of operating conditions to screen out the optimum operating parameters for the extraction of biodiesel from fleshing oil. The result demonstrated that 6:1 ration of methanol to oil, 1% of catalyst, temperature of 60oc and a contact time of 1hr are found to be the optimum operating parameters in the transesterification reaction. Over 97% conversion of the oil was achieved at the specified optimum operating conditions. Characterization the produced FAME reveals that viscosity of 4.47mm2/s, density of 876kg/m3, cetane number of 40.7 and iodine value of 61.3gI2/100ml were obtained. The fleshing oil biodiesel was compared with the international standards (ASTM and EN) and the result was in good agreement.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes
AU  - Eshetu Getahun
AU  - Eshetu Getahun
AU  - Nigus Gabiyye
AU  - Nigus Gabiyye
Y1  - 2013/06/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17
T2  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JF  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JO  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
SP  - 120
EP  - 129
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1549
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17
AB  - Production of biodiesel from industrial waste oil is becoming a primary candidate to overcome the problems associated with energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this study, low cost feed stocks leather industry fleshing waste was investigated experimentally for the production of biodiesel. The fleshing oil, which was investigated experimentally, had high acid value of 24.66mgKOH/g and FFA level of 12.33%. As a result, acid pretreatment followed by transestrifcation reaction path was chosen to produce biodiesel. Boric acid was used to reduce the lime of the flesh and sulfuric acid as catalyst and methanol as alcohol were used to reduce the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5% in the pretreatment reaction. After reducing the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5%, transestrification reaction was conducted with alkaline catalyst potassium hydroxide. Several experiments were performed in a wide range of operating conditions to screen out the optimum operating parameters for the extraction of biodiesel from fleshing oil. The result demonstrated that 6:1 ration of methanol to oil, 1% of catalyst, temperature of 60oc and a contact time of 1hr are found to be the optimum operating parameters in the transesterification reaction. Over 97% conversion of the oil was achieved at the specified optimum operating conditions. Characterization the produced FAME reveals that viscosity of 4.47mm2/s, density of 876kg/m3, cetane number of 40.7 and iodine value of 61.3gI2/100ml were obtained. The fleshing oil biodiesel was compared with the international standards (ASTM and EN) and the result was in good agreement.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Eshetu Getahun

Dept, Chemical Engineering, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Eshetu Getahun

Dept, Chemical Engineering, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Nigus Gabiyye

Dept, Chemical Engineering, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Nigus Gabiyye

Dept, Chemical Engineering, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

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Eshetu Getahun, Eshetu Getahun, Nigus Gabiyye, Nigus Gabiyye. (2013). Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 2(3), 120-129. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17

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ACS Style

Eshetu Getahun; Eshetu Getahun; Nigus Gabiyye; Nigus Gabiyye. Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes. Int. J. Sustain. Green Energy 2013, 2(3), 120-129. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17

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AMA Style

Eshetu Getahun, Eshetu Getahun, Nigus Gabiyye, Nigus Gabiyye. Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes. Int J Sustain Green Energy. 2013;2(3):120-129. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17,
  author = {Eshetu Getahun and Eshetu Getahun and Nigus Gabiyye and Nigus Gabiyye},
  title = {Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes},
  journal = {International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {120-129},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijrse.20130203.17},
  abstract = {Production of biodiesel from industrial waste oil is becoming a primary candidate to overcome the problems associated with energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this study, low cost feed stocks leather industry fleshing waste was investigated experimentally for the production of biodiesel. The fleshing oil, which was investigated experimentally, had high acid value of 24.66mgKOH/g and FFA level of 12.33%. As a result, acid pretreatment followed by transestrifcation reaction path was chosen to produce biodiesel. Boric acid was used to reduce the lime of the flesh and sulfuric acid as catalyst and methanol as alcohol were used to reduce the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5% in the pretreatment reaction. After reducing the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5%, transestrification reaction was conducted with alkaline catalyst potassium hydroxide. Several experiments were performed in a wide range of operating conditions to screen out the optimum operating parameters for the extraction of biodiesel from fleshing oil. The result demonstrated that 6:1 ration of methanol to oil, 1% of catalyst, temperature of 60oc and a contact time of 1hr are found to be the optimum operating parameters in the transesterification reaction. Over 97% conversion of the oil was achieved at the specified optimum operating conditions. Characterization the produced FAME reveals that viscosity of 4.47mm2/s, density of 876kg/m3, cetane number of 40.7 and iodine value of 61.3gI2/100ml were obtained. The fleshing oil biodiesel was compared with the international standards (ASTM and EN) and the result was in good agreement.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Investigation and Characterization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Industry Fleshing Wastes
AU  - Eshetu Getahun
AU  - Eshetu Getahun
AU  - Nigus Gabiyye
AU  - Nigus Gabiyye
Y1  - 2013/06/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17
T2  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JF  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JO  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
SP  - 120
EP  - 129
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1549
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20130203.17
AB  - Production of biodiesel from industrial waste oil is becoming a primary candidate to overcome the problems associated with energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this study, low cost feed stocks leather industry fleshing waste was investigated experimentally for the production of biodiesel. The fleshing oil, which was investigated experimentally, had high acid value of 24.66mgKOH/g and FFA level of 12.33%. As a result, acid pretreatment followed by transestrifcation reaction path was chosen to produce biodiesel. Boric acid was used to reduce the lime of the flesh and sulfuric acid as catalyst and methanol as alcohol were used to reduce the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5% in the pretreatment reaction. After reducing the FFA of the fleshing oil bellow 2.5%, transestrification reaction was conducted with alkaline catalyst potassium hydroxide. Several experiments were performed in a wide range of operating conditions to screen out the optimum operating parameters for the extraction of biodiesel from fleshing oil. The result demonstrated that 6:1 ration of methanol to oil, 1% of catalyst, temperature of 60oc and a contact time of 1hr are found to be the optimum operating parameters in the transesterification reaction. Over 97% conversion of the oil was achieved at the specified optimum operating conditions. Characterization the produced FAME reveals that viscosity of 4.47mm2/s, density of 876kg/m3, cetane number of 40.7 and iodine value of 61.3gI2/100ml were obtained. The fleshing oil biodiesel was compared with the international standards (ASTM and EN) and the result was in good agreement.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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