International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences

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Gatos Questionnaire for Early Detection of Suspicious Signs for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Syndromes - GQEDSS - ADRDS Q160 v 1.0. Preliminary Results

Received: 09 November 2016    Accepted: 09 December 2016    Published: 20 December 2016
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Abstract

Dementia presents a cluster of syndromes the effect human brain. It rises various social-economic and health care issues that are difficult to be confronted. Early detection of the possibility of an examinee to be inflicted by a dementia syndrome is an all neurologists quest. Our interdisciplinary team for some year know created a questionnaire that depicts a series of items that could have been changed before the diagnosis of a dementia to be set. Material and Method: More than 180 items were included in the questionnaire. The validation process excluded 26 items. Then n1=55 examinees enrolled to our study in order to be watched for 5 years (n2=26 were diagnosed with dementia). At the end of this period 26 were inflicted by a dementia (mostly Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia). All answered the GQEDSS - ADRDS Q160 v 1.0 (3 demographic items and 157 Likert scale items), and the MMSE questionnaires. A statistical analysis of the questionnaire was followed. The scree test formed 54 factors, followed by a key item analysis (15 key items) to simplify factors analysis' complexity. Conver¬gent or Criterion validity of the GQEDSS - ADRDS questionnaire was determined by establishing its correlation to the MMSE score using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Discriminant validity tested whether concepts or measurements that are supposed to be unrelated are, in fact, unrelated. Internal consistency validity of the GQEDSS - ADRDS was determined by calculating Cronbach alpha coefficient. Test-retest reliability (stability) was also performed. Results: The Bartlett Test of Sphericity was 2527.2 and it was significant (p<0.0015). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy was equal to 0.801 showing that the data is suitable for factor analysis. The 160 items were analysed via maximum likelihood extraction method using a Varimax rotation. The correlation coefficients presented p<0.0005. The cut-off points (total summary of 700 scoring points) were set to a: a) < 120, there is a relatively small change, b) 121-180, there is a mediocre change, c) 181-220, there is a relatively good change, and d) >221, there is a relatively high change. Discussion: Although our study presents an intriguing questionnaire, our sample does not meet the Stevens' criteria. Small sample, examiners' subjectivity, non-randomized sample - Convenience, or consecutive sampling (all clients in the outpatient clinic), questionnaire longevity could present a series of BIASes. More study, co-operation with other specialized centres, and a better methodology are required.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.15
Published in International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 3, December 2016)
Page(s) 69-85
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Dementia, Early Detection, Questionnaire

References
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[5] Tsoucalas G, Bourelia S, Kalogirou V, Giatsiou S, Mavrogiannaki E, Gatos G, Galanos A, Repana O, Iliadou E, Antoniou A, Sgantzos M, Gatos K. End-stage dementia spark of life: reliability and validity of the "GATOS" questionnaire. Curr Alzheimer Res 12 (2015): 179-188.
[6] Fountoulakis KN, Tsolaki M, Chantzi H, Kazis A. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE): A validation study in Greece. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 6 (2000): 342-345.
[7] Tsolaki M, Kounti F (eds). Tests and criteria for the assessment of brain disorders. Thessaloniki: Giachoudis (2010).
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[21] Gatos K. A test for possibly suspicious signs presented by an elder about 10 years before the appearance of visible dementia signs. Proceedings of the 8th Panhellenic Interdisciplinary Congress for Alzheimer disease and Releted Dementia Syndromes. Thessaloniki, Greece (2003): 61-69.
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[25] Babacan-Yildiz G, Isik AT, Ur E, Aydemir E, Ertas C, Cebi M, Soysal P, Gursoy E, Kolukisa M, Kocaman G, Celebi A. COST: Cognitive State Test, a brief screening battery for Alzheimer disease in illiterate and literate patients. Int Psychogeriatr 25 (2013): 403-412.
Author Information
  • Interdisciplinary Study Team, Neurological Clinic-Hellenic Reference for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Related Syndromes Agios Georgios, Alykes Volou, Greece

  • Interdisciplinary Study Team, Neurological Clinic-Hellenic Reference for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Related Syndromes Agios Georgios, Alykes Volou, Greece

  • Interdisciplinary Study Team, Neurological Clinic-Hellenic Reference for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Related Syndromes Agios Georgios, Alykes Volou, Greece

  • Interdisciplinary Study Team, Neurological Clinic-Hellenic Reference for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Related Syndromes Agios Georgios, Alykes Volou, Greece

  • Interdisciplinary Study Team, Neurological Clinic-Hellenic Reference for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Related Syndromes Agios Georgios, Alykes Volou, Greece

  • Interdisciplinary Study Team, Neurological Clinic-Hellenic Reference for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Related Syndromes Agios Georgios, Alykes Volou, Greece

  • Interdisciplinary Study Team, Neurological Clinic-Hellenic Reference for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Related Syndromes Agios Georgios, Alykes Volou, Greece

  • Interdisciplinary Study Team, Neurological Clinic-Hellenic Reference for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Related Syndromes Agios Georgios, Alykes Volou, Greece

  • Interdisciplinary Study Team, Neurological Clinic-Hellenic Reference for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Related Syndromes Agios Georgios, Alykes Volou, Greece

  • Interdisciplinary Study Team, Neurological Clinic-Hellenic Reference for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Related Syndromes Agios Georgios, Alykes Volou, Greece

  • Interdisciplinary Study Team, Neurological Clinic-Hellenic Reference for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Related Syndromes Agios Georgios, Alykes Volou, Greece

  • Interdisciplinary Study Team, Neurological Clinic-Hellenic Reference for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Related Syndromes Agios Georgios, Alykes Volou, Greece

  • Interdisciplinary Study Team, Neurological Clinic-Hellenic Reference for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Related Syndromes Agios Georgios, Alykes Volou, Greece

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    Gregory Tsoucalas, Stamati Bourelia, Anastasios Markellos, Vasiliki Kalogirou, Styliani Giatsiou, et al. (2016). Gatos Questionnaire for Early Detection of Suspicious Signs for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Syndromes - GQEDSS - ADRDS Q160 v 1.0. Preliminary Results. International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 1(3), 69-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.15

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    ACS Style

    Gregory Tsoucalas; Stamati Bourelia; Anastasios Markellos; Vasiliki Kalogirou; Styliani Giatsiou, et al. Gatos Questionnaire for Early Detection of Suspicious Signs for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Syndromes - GQEDSS - ADRDS Q160 v 1.0. Preliminary Results. Int. J. Psychol. Brain Sci. 2016, 1(3), 69-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.15

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    AMA Style

    Gregory Tsoucalas, Stamati Bourelia, Anastasios Markellos, Vasiliki Kalogirou, Styliani Giatsiou, et al. Gatos Questionnaire for Early Detection of Suspicious Signs for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Syndromes - GQEDSS - ADRDS Q160 v 1.0. Preliminary Results. Int J Psychol Brain Sci. 2016;1(3):69-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.15,
      author = {Gregory Tsoucalas and Stamati Bourelia and Anastasios Markellos and Vasiliki Kalogirou and Styliani Giatsiou and Olga Repana and Presveia Gatou and Ifigeneia Georgousi and Anna Maria Xanthi and Andromachi Korenti and Nikolaos Kosmas and Antonios Antoniou and Konstantinos Gatos},
      title = {Gatos Questionnaire for Early Detection of Suspicious Signs for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Syndromes - GQEDSS - ADRDS Q160 v 1.0. Preliminary Results},
      journal = {International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences},
      volume = {1},
      number = {3},
      pages = {69-85},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.15},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpbs.20160103.15},
      abstract = {Dementia presents a cluster of syndromes the effect human brain. It rises various social-economic and health care issues that are difficult to be confronted. Early detection of the possibility of an examinee to be inflicted by a dementia syndrome is an all neurologists quest. Our interdisciplinary team for some year know created a questionnaire that depicts a series of items that could have been changed before the diagnosis of a dementia to be set. Material and Method: More than 180 items were included in the questionnaire. The validation process excluded 26 items. Then n1=55 examinees enrolled to our study in order to be watched for 5 years (n2=26 were diagnosed with dementia). At the end of this period 26 were inflicted by a dementia (mostly Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia). All answered the GQEDSS - ADRDS Q160 v 1.0 (3 demographic items and 157 Likert scale items), and the MMSE questionnaires. A statistical analysis of the questionnaire was followed. The scree test formed 54 factors, followed by a key item analysis (15 key items) to simplify factors analysis' complexity. Conver¬gent or Criterion validity of the GQEDSS - ADRDS questionnaire was determined by establishing its correlation to the MMSE score using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Discriminant validity tested whether concepts or measurements that are supposed to be unrelated are, in fact, unrelated. Internal consistency validity of the GQEDSS - ADRDS was determined by calculating Cronbach alpha coefficient. Test-retest reliability (stability) was also performed. Results: The Bartlett Test of Sphericity was 2527.2 and it was significant (p<0.0015). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy was equal to 0.801 showing that the data is suitable for factor analysis. The 160 items were analysed via maximum likelihood extraction method using a Varimax rotation. The correlation coefficients presented p<0.0005. The cut-off points (total summary of 700 scoring points) were set to a: a) < 120, there is a relatively small change, b) 121-180, there is a mediocre change, c) 181-220, there is a relatively good change, and d) >221, there is a relatively high change. Discussion: Although our study presents an intriguing questionnaire, our sample does not meet the Stevens' criteria. Small sample, examiners' subjectivity, non-randomized sample - Convenience, or consecutive sampling (all clients in the outpatient clinic), questionnaire longevity could present a series of BIASes. More study, co-operation with other specialized centres, and a better methodology are required.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Gatos Questionnaire for Early Detection of Suspicious Signs for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Syndromes - GQEDSS - ADRDS Q160 v 1.0. Preliminary Results
    AU  - Gregory Tsoucalas
    AU  - Stamati Bourelia
    AU  - Anastasios Markellos
    AU  - Vasiliki Kalogirou
    AU  - Styliani Giatsiou
    AU  - Olga Repana
    AU  - Presveia Gatou
    AU  - Ifigeneia Georgousi
    AU  - Anna Maria Xanthi
    AU  - Andromachi Korenti
    AU  - Nikolaos Kosmas
    AU  - Antonios Antoniou
    AU  - Konstantinos Gatos
    Y1  - 2016/12/20
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.15
    T2  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
    SP  - 69
    EP  - 85
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1573
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.15
    AB  - Dementia presents a cluster of syndromes the effect human brain. It rises various social-economic and health care issues that are difficult to be confronted. Early detection of the possibility of an examinee to be inflicted by a dementia syndrome is an all neurologists quest. Our interdisciplinary team for some year know created a questionnaire that depicts a series of items that could have been changed before the diagnosis of a dementia to be set. Material and Method: More than 180 items were included in the questionnaire. The validation process excluded 26 items. Then n1=55 examinees enrolled to our study in order to be watched for 5 years (n2=26 were diagnosed with dementia). At the end of this period 26 were inflicted by a dementia (mostly Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia). All answered the GQEDSS - ADRDS Q160 v 1.0 (3 demographic items and 157 Likert scale items), and the MMSE questionnaires. A statistical analysis of the questionnaire was followed. The scree test formed 54 factors, followed by a key item analysis (15 key items) to simplify factors analysis' complexity. Conver¬gent or Criterion validity of the GQEDSS - ADRDS questionnaire was determined by establishing its correlation to the MMSE score using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Discriminant validity tested whether concepts or measurements that are supposed to be unrelated are, in fact, unrelated. Internal consistency validity of the GQEDSS - ADRDS was determined by calculating Cronbach alpha coefficient. Test-retest reliability (stability) was also performed. Results: The Bartlett Test of Sphericity was 2527.2 and it was significant (p<0.0015). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy was equal to 0.801 showing that the data is suitable for factor analysis. The 160 items were analysed via maximum likelihood extraction method using a Varimax rotation. The correlation coefficients presented p<0.0005. The cut-off points (total summary of 700 scoring points) were set to a: a) < 120, there is a relatively small change, b) 121-180, there is a mediocre change, c) 181-220, there is a relatively good change, and d) >221, there is a relatively high change. Discussion: Although our study presents an intriguing questionnaire, our sample does not meet the Stevens' criteria. Small sample, examiners' subjectivity, non-randomized sample - Convenience, or consecutive sampling (all clients in the outpatient clinic), questionnaire longevity could present a series of BIASes. More study, co-operation with other specialized centres, and a better methodology are required.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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