Coprophilia-Faeces Lust in the Forms of Coprophagia, Coprospheres, Scatolia and Plasterering in Dementia Patients, Our Thoughts and Experience

Gregory Tsoucalas; Markos Sgantzos; Konstantinos Gatos

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Coprophilia-Faeces Lust in the Forms of Coprophagia, Coprospheres, Scatolia and Plasterering in Dementia Patients, Our Thoughts and Experience

Gregory Tsoucalas, Markos Sgantzos, Konstantinos Gatos

Published in International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 3)

Received: 25 October 2016 Accepted: 8 November 2016 Published: 29 November 2016

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Coprophilia is a rather often behaviour among the dementia patients. Faeces lust, coprospheres, coprophagia, scatolia, and plasterering are the appearance patterns of this kind of peculiar phenomenon. It seems that dementia patients mentally return to a newborn status with simultaneously loss of toilet skills, acquiring primitive primordial basic instincts. Coprophilia in dementia is an unstudied behaviour. Eroticism, narcissism, fetishism, brain atrophy and/or frontotemporal malfunction, and gene mutations are implicated. Our objective is to study this peculiarity in dementia patients. Our scientific interdisciplinary team have selected a group of 37 patients presenting coprophilia during the last 5 years (January 2011 - January 2016), all clinic inmates. Positive practice overcorrection procedure should be instituted, and/or disciplinary enquiry, and/or SSRIs to reduce coprophilic incidents. In our clinic, a percentage between 8% to 12% of patients with mild to moderate dementia exhibited coprophilia, while among the patients with severe dementia the percentage was significantly lower, 1% to 2%. Our experience, when perusing the results of our study on dementia patients, drove us to conclude that specialized bondage during bed time is the only measure to reduce incidents. Among 37 coprophilic patients hospitalized inside the Hellenic Reference Centre for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Syndromes the last five years, we haven't met not even one patients with complete remission besides our external interventions and efforts. There are no availliable batteries to actually measure behavioural patterns in coprophilia, while scientific data concerning aetiology and confrontation are rather limited due to lack of manuscript publication. We therefore, strongly believe that with the means availliable (procedures and medication), coprophilia in dementia is an incurable and unstoppable behaviour, and further study to understand and confront it should be administered in the near future.

Published in	International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12
Page(s)	45-53
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Coprophilia, Coprophagia, Coprospheres, Plasterering, Dementia, Specialized Bondage

References

[1]	Hsiao HC, Chao HC, Wang JJ. Features of problematic eating behaviors among community-dwelling older adults with dementia: Family caregivers’ experience. Geriatric Nursing 34 (2013) 361e365.
[2]	Nagaratnam N, Lim W, Hutyn S. Some problematic behaviors in Alzheimer’s dementia. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 32 (2001) 57–65.
[3]	Baker DJ, Valenzuela S, Wieseler NA. Naturalistic Inquiry and Treatment of Coprophagia in One Individual. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 17 (2005).
[4]	Parry-Jones B, Parry-Jones WLL. Pica: Symptom or eating disorder'? A historical assessment. British Journal of Psychiatry. 160 (1992) 341-354.
[5]	Friedin BB, Johnson HK. Treatment of a retarded child's faeces- smearing and coprophagic behavior. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research 23 (1979) 55-61.
[6]	Silva WP. ABC of sexual health, Sexual variations. BMJ 318 (1999) 654-656.
[7]	Vaknin S. Pathological Narcissism. Narcissus Publishing, Italy (2013) (ebook-google books).
[8]	Brrabant E, Falzeder E, Gianpieri-Deutsch P. The Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Sándor Ferenczi: 1908-1914. Cambridge, USA: Harvard University Press (1993).
[9]	Moreira LAA, Pessoa DMA, Sousa MBC. Socio-Sexual communication: a review of the sensory modalities used by non-human primates. Oecologia Australis 17 (2013): 113-129.
[10]	Setchell JM, Vaglio S, Cecchi MJ. Boscaro F, Calamal L, Knapp LA. Chemical composition of scent-gland secretions in an old world monkey (Mandrillus sphinx): influence of sex, male status, and individualidentity. Chemical Senses 35 (2015) 205-220.
[11]	Nash LT, Fritz J, Alford PA, Brent L. Variables Influencing the Origins of Diverse Abnormal Behaviors in a Large Sample of Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Primatology 48 (1999)15-29.
[12]	Danford DE. Pica and nutrition. Annual Review of Nutrition 2 (1982) 303-322.
[13]	Hunt CE, Harrington DD. Nutrition and nutritional diseases of the rabbit. In Weisbrotle SH, Flatt RE, Kraus AL (Eds.), The biology of the laboratory rabbit. New York: Academic Press (1974) 403-405.
[14]	Sakamaki T. Coprophagy in wild bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Wamba in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a possibly adaptive strategy? Primates 51 (2010) 87-90.
[15]	Fish KD, Sauther ML, Loudon JE, Cuozzo FP. Coprophagy by wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) in human-disturbed locations adjacent to the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar. Am J Primatol 69 (2007) 713-718.
[16]	Samsi K, Manthorpe J. Everyday decision-making in dementia: findings from a longitudinal interview study of people with dementia and family carers. Int Psychogeriatr 25 (2013) 949-961.
[17]	Fairburn CG, Hope RA. Changes in Eating in Dementia. Neurobiology of Aging 9 (1988) 28-29.
[18]	DeVries K. The nearly others: the attic vision of Phrygians and Lydians. In Cohen B. (Ed.), Not the Classical Ideal: Athens and the Construction of the Other in Greek Art. Leiden: Brill, (200)) 338-363.
[19]	Himmelmann N. Minima Archeologica: Utopie und Wirklichkeit der Antike. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern (1996).
[20]	Sutton RF. The good, the base, and the ugly: the drugen orgy in attic vase painting and the Athenian self. Inside Cohen B, Not the Classical Ideal: Athens and the Construction of the Other in Greek Art. Leiden: Brill (2000) 179-202.
[21]	Series H, Dégano P. Hypersexuality in dementia. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 11 (2005) 424-431.
[22]	Dean T. Beyond Sexuality. London: University of Chicago Press (2000).
[23]	Akhat S. Comprehensive Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. London: Karnac Books (2009).
[24]	Liebal K, Muller C, Pika S. Gestural communication in nonhuman and human primates. Amsterdam: John Benjamins (2005).
[25]	Pika S, Liebal K, Tomasello M. 2003 Gestural communication in young gorillas (Gorilla gorilla): gestural repertoire, learning, and use. Am J Primatol 60 (2003) 95-111.
[26]	Pika S, Liebal K, Tomasello M. The gestural repertoire of bonobos (Pan paniscus): flexibility and use. Am J Primatol 65 (2005) 39-61.
[27]	Josephs KA. Frontotemporal dementia: a peek under its invisibility cloak. The Lancet 14 (2015) 236-237.
[28]	Parry-Jones B, Parry-Jones WLL. Pica: Symptom or eating disorder'? A historical assessment. British Journal of Psychiatry 160 (1992) 341-354.
[29]	Foxx RM, Martin ED. Treatment of scavenging dehavior (coprophagy and pica) by overcorrection. Behav Res & Therapy 13 (1975) 153-162.
[30]	Baker DJ, Valenzuela S, Wieseler NA. Naturalistic Inquiry and Treatment of Coprophagia in One Individual. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 17 (2005) 361-367.
[31]	Begg AH, McDonald C. Scatolia in elderly people with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 4 (1989) 53-54.
[32]	Ata T, Terada S, Yokota O, Ishihara T, Fujisawa Y, Sasaki K, Kuroda S. Wandering and fecal smearing in people with dementia. International Psychogeriatrics 22 (2010) 493-500.
[33]	Jones GMM, Miesen BML. Care-giving in Dementia: Research and Applications, Volume 2. London: Psychology Press (1997).
[34]	Mahoney CJ, Beck J, Rohrer JD, et al. Frontotemporal dementia with the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion: clinical, neuroanatomical and neuropathological features. Brain 135 (2012) 736-750.
[35]	Beck DA, Frohberg NR. Coprophagia in an elderly man: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Psychiatry Med 35(2005) 417-27.
[36]	Josephs KA, Whitwell JL, Parisi JE, Lapid MI. Coprophagia in neurologic disorders. Journal of Neurology 263 (2016) 1008-1014.
[37]	Ing DI, Roane HS, Veenstra RA. Functional Analysis and treatment of Coprophagia. J Appl Behav Anal 44 (2011) 151-155.
[38]	Ing A, Roane HS, Veenstra RA. Functional analysis and treatment of coprophagia. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 1 (2014) 151-155.
[39]	Stein DJ, Hollander E. The spectrum of obsessive-compulsive related disorders. In: Hollander E, editor. Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders. Washington: American Psychiatric Press (1993).
[40]	Szabo CP, Van Rooy W, Allwood CW. Pica- Is it a variant of obsessive-compulsive disorder? A case report. S Afr Med J 85 (1995) 1390-1391.
[41]	Gundogar D, Demir SB, Eren I. Is pica in the spectrum of obsessive-compulsive disorders? General Hospital Psychiatry 25 (2003) 293-294.
[42]	Hergüner S. Is Pica an eating disorder or an obsessive–compulsive? Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 32 (2008) 2010-2011.
[43]	Choure J, Quinn K, Franco K. Baking-soda Pica in an adolescent patient. Psychosomatics 47 (2006) 531-532.
[44]	Bhatia MS, Gupta R. Pica responding to SSRI: an OCD spectrum disorder? World J Biol Psychiatry 8 (2007) 1-3.
[45]	Holmes KJ. The Message behind the Behavior: Successful Management of Scatolia in a Resident with Dementia. (Poster Abstracts). JAMDA 14 (2013) B3-B26.
[46]	Mason T. Scatolia: psychosis to protest. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 3 (1996) 303-311.
[47]	Sharma T. Coprophagia in Geriatric Patients With Cognitive Impairment. The Resident's Journal 7 (2012).
[48]	Alzheimer Europe. 2012: The Ethical Issues Linked to Restrictions of Freedom of People with Dementia. http://www.alzheimer-europe.org/Alzheimer-Europe/Our-work/Completed-projects/2012-The-Ethical-Issues-Linked-to-Restrictions-of-Freedom-of-People-with-Dementia. Accessed 04/11/2016.
[49]	Hellenic Official Gazette of the Greek State. "Restriction Ethics for Mental impairment Patients". Athens: Ministry of Health (2012).
[50]	Fountoulakis KN, Tsolaki M, Chantzi H, Kazis A. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE): A validation study in Greece. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 6 (2000) 342-345.
[51]	Tsoucalas G, Bourelia S, Kalogirou V, Giatsiou S, Mavrogiannaki E, Gatos G, Galanos A, Repana O, Iliadou E, Antoniou A, Sgantzos M, Gatos K. End-stage dementia spark of life: reliability and validity of the "GATOS" questionnaire. Curr Alzheimer Res 12 (2015) 179-188.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Gregory Tsoucalas, Markos Sgantzos, Konstantinos Gatos. (2016). Coprophilia-Faeces Lust in the Forms of Coprophagia, Coprospheres, Scatolia and Plasterering in Dementia Patients, Our Thoughts and Experience. International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 1(3), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Gregory Tsoucalas; Markos Sgantzos; Konstantinos Gatos. Coprophilia-Faeces Lust in the Forms of Coprophagia, Coprospheres, Scatolia and Plasterering in Dementia Patients, Our Thoughts and Experience. Int. J. Psychol. Brain Sci. 2016, 1(3), 45-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Gregory Tsoucalas, Markos Sgantzos, Konstantinos Gatos. Coprophilia-Faeces Lust in the Forms of Coprophagia, Coprospheres, Scatolia and Plasterering in Dementia Patients, Our Thoughts and Experience. Int J Psychol Brain Sci. 2016;1(3):45-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12,
  author = {Gregory Tsoucalas and Markos Sgantzos and Konstantinos Gatos},
  title = {Coprophilia-Faeces Lust in the Forms of Coprophagia, Coprospheres, Scatolia and Plasterering in Dementia Patients, Our Thoughts and Experience},
  journal = {International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {45-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpbs.20160103.12},
  abstract = {Coprophilia is a rather often behaviour among the dementia patients. Faeces lust, coprospheres, coprophagia, scatolia, and plasterering are the appearance patterns of this kind of peculiar phenomenon. It seems that dementia patients mentally return to a newborn status with simultaneously loss of toilet skills, acquiring primitive primordial basic instincts. Coprophilia in dementia is an unstudied behaviour. Eroticism, narcissism, fetishism, brain atrophy and/or frontotemporal malfunction, and gene mutations are implicated. Our objective is to study this peculiarity in dementia patients. Our scientific interdisciplinary team have selected a group of 37 patients presenting coprophilia during the last 5 years (January 2011 - January 2016), all clinic inmates. Positive practice overcorrection procedure should be instituted, and/or disciplinary enquiry, and/or SSRIs to reduce coprophilic incidents. In our clinic, a percentage between 8% to 12% of patients with mild to moderate dementia exhibited coprophilia, while among the patients with severe dementia the percentage was significantly lower, 1% to 2%. Our experience, when perusing the results of our study on dementia patients, drove us to conclude that specialized bondage during bed time is the only measure to reduce incidents. Among 37 coprophilic patients hospitalized inside the Hellenic Reference Centre for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Syndromes the last five years, we haven't met not even one patients with complete remission besides our external interventions and efforts. There are no availliable batteries to actually measure behavioural patterns in coprophilia, while scientific data concerning aetiology and confrontation are rather limited due to lack of manuscript publication. We therefore, strongly believe that with the means availliable (procedures and medication), coprophilia in dementia is an incurable and unstoppable behaviour, and further study to understand and confront it should be administered in the near future.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Coprophilia-Faeces Lust in the Forms of Coprophagia, Coprospheres, Scatolia and Plasterering in Dementia Patients, Our Thoughts and Experience
AU  - Gregory Tsoucalas
AU  - Markos Sgantzos
AU  - Konstantinos Gatos
Y1  - 2016/11/29
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12
T2  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
SP  - 45
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1573
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12
AB  - Coprophilia is a rather often behaviour among the dementia patients. Faeces lust, coprospheres, coprophagia, scatolia, and plasterering are the appearance patterns of this kind of peculiar phenomenon. It seems that dementia patients mentally return to a newborn status with simultaneously loss of toilet skills, acquiring primitive primordial basic instincts. Coprophilia in dementia is an unstudied behaviour. Eroticism, narcissism, fetishism, brain atrophy and/or frontotemporal malfunction, and gene mutations are implicated. Our objective is to study this peculiarity in dementia patients. Our scientific interdisciplinary team have selected a group of 37 patients presenting coprophilia during the last 5 years (January 2011 - January 2016), all clinic inmates. Positive practice overcorrection procedure should be instituted, and/or disciplinary enquiry, and/or SSRIs to reduce coprophilic incidents. In our clinic, a percentage between 8% to 12% of patients with mild to moderate dementia exhibited coprophilia, while among the patients with severe dementia the percentage was significantly lower, 1% to 2%. Our experience, when perusing the results of our study on dementia patients, drove us to conclude that specialized bondage during bed time is the only measure to reduce incidents. Among 37 coprophilic patients hospitalized inside the Hellenic Reference Centre for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Syndromes the last five years, we haven't met not even one patients with complete remission besides our external interventions and efforts. There are no availliable batteries to actually measure behavioural patterns in coprophilia, while scientific data concerning aetiology and confrontation are rather limited due to lack of manuscript publication. We therefore, strongly believe that with the means availliable (procedures and medication), coprophilia in dementia is an incurable and unstoppable behaviour, and further study to understand and confront it should be administered in the near future.
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Gregory Tsoucalas

Specialized Hellenic Centre for Alzheimer Disease and Related Syndromes, Neurological clinic "Agios Georgios", Alykes, Volos, Greece; History of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
Markos Sgantzos

History of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
Konstantinos Gatos

Specialized Hellenic Centre for Alzheimer Disease and Related Syndromes, Neurological clinic "Agios Georgios", Alykes, Volos, Greece

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Gregory Tsoucalas, Markos Sgantzos, Konstantinos Gatos. (2016). Coprophilia-Faeces Lust in the Forms of Coprophagia, Coprospheres, Scatolia and Plasterering in Dementia Patients, Our Thoughts and Experience. International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 1(3), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Gregory Tsoucalas; Markos Sgantzos; Konstantinos Gatos. Coprophilia-Faeces Lust in the Forms of Coprophagia, Coprospheres, Scatolia and Plasterering in Dementia Patients, Our Thoughts and Experience. Int. J. Psychol. Brain Sci. 2016, 1(3), 45-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Gregory Tsoucalas, Markos Sgantzos, Konstantinos Gatos. Coprophilia-Faeces Lust in the Forms of Coprophagia, Coprospheres, Scatolia and Plasterering in Dementia Patients, Our Thoughts and Experience. Int J Psychol Brain Sci. 2016;1(3):45-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12,
  author = {Gregory Tsoucalas and Markos Sgantzos and Konstantinos Gatos},
  title = {Coprophilia-Faeces Lust in the Forms of Coprophagia, Coprospheres, Scatolia and Plasterering in Dementia Patients, Our Thoughts and Experience},
  journal = {International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {45-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpbs.20160103.12},
  abstract = {Coprophilia is a rather often behaviour among the dementia patients. Faeces lust, coprospheres, coprophagia, scatolia, and plasterering are the appearance patterns of this kind of peculiar phenomenon. It seems that dementia patients mentally return to a newborn status with simultaneously loss of toilet skills, acquiring primitive primordial basic instincts. Coprophilia in dementia is an unstudied behaviour. Eroticism, narcissism, fetishism, brain atrophy and/or frontotemporal malfunction, and gene mutations are implicated. Our objective is to study this peculiarity in dementia patients. Our scientific interdisciplinary team have selected a group of 37 patients presenting coprophilia during the last 5 years (January 2011 - January 2016), all clinic inmates. Positive practice overcorrection procedure should be instituted, and/or disciplinary enquiry, and/or SSRIs to reduce coprophilic incidents. In our clinic, a percentage between 8% to 12% of patients with mild to moderate dementia exhibited coprophilia, while among the patients with severe dementia the percentage was significantly lower, 1% to 2%. Our experience, when perusing the results of our study on dementia patients, drove us to conclude that specialized bondage during bed time is the only measure to reduce incidents. Among 37 coprophilic patients hospitalized inside the Hellenic Reference Centre for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Syndromes the last five years, we haven't met not even one patients with complete remission besides our external interventions and efforts. There are no availliable batteries to actually measure behavioural patterns in coprophilia, while scientific data concerning aetiology and confrontation are rather limited due to lack of manuscript publication. We therefore, strongly believe that with the means availliable (procedures and medication), coprophilia in dementia is an incurable and unstoppable behaviour, and further study to understand and confront it should be administered in the near future.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Coprophilia-Faeces Lust in the Forms of Coprophagia, Coprospheres, Scatolia and Plasterering in Dementia Patients, Our Thoughts and Experience
AU  - Gregory Tsoucalas
AU  - Markos Sgantzos
AU  - Konstantinos Gatos
Y1  - 2016/11/29
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12
T2  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
SP  - 45
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1573
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20160103.12
AB  - Coprophilia is a rather often behaviour among the dementia patients. Faeces lust, coprospheres, coprophagia, scatolia, and plasterering are the appearance patterns of this kind of peculiar phenomenon. It seems that dementia patients mentally return to a newborn status with simultaneously loss of toilet skills, acquiring primitive primordial basic instincts. Coprophilia in dementia is an unstudied behaviour. Eroticism, narcissism, fetishism, brain atrophy and/or frontotemporal malfunction, and gene mutations are implicated. Our objective is to study this peculiarity in dementia patients. Our scientific interdisciplinary team have selected a group of 37 patients presenting coprophilia during the last 5 years (January 2011 - January 2016), all clinic inmates. Positive practice overcorrection procedure should be instituted, and/or disciplinary enquiry, and/or SSRIs to reduce coprophilic incidents. In our clinic, a percentage between 8% to 12% of patients with mild to moderate dementia exhibited coprophilia, while among the patients with severe dementia the percentage was significantly lower, 1% to 2%. Our experience, when perusing the results of our study on dementia patients, drove us to conclude that specialized bondage during bed time is the only measure to reduce incidents. Among 37 coprophilic patients hospitalized inside the Hellenic Reference Centre for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Syndromes the last five years, we haven't met not even one patients with complete remission besides our external interventions and efforts. There are no availliable batteries to actually measure behavioural patterns in coprophilia, while scientific data concerning aetiology and confrontation are rather limited due to lack of manuscript publication. We therefore, strongly believe that with the means availliable (procedures and medication), coprophilia in dementia is an incurable and unstoppable behaviour, and further study to understand and confront it should be administered in the near future.
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download