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Connecting 9/11 to the Financial Crisis

Received: 2 July 2015    Accepted: 14 July 2015    Published: 22 July 2015
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Abstract

This paper summarizes and analyzes research on the economic impact of United States fiscal and monetary policy in the wake of the 9/11-terrorist attacks. Therein, it attempts to connect this tragedy to the financial crisis of the late-2000s, which is still not fully understood. The large number of factors identified by numerous experts as the causes for the collapse of the financial system makes the crisis a difficult topic to study. This analysis provides a stepping-stone for any further research in that it helps explain how the factors that led to the crisis were created in the first place. Expert opinions, academic studies, as well as both a Cobb-Douglas production function and one of the newest specifications of the Taylor Rule are looked at throughout this paper. While the latter model shows how monetary policy should have been determined throughout the 2000s, the former helps to analyze the impact of fiscal policy after 9/11 on monetary policy. Based on the research and analysis presented in this paper, we can conclude that the factors that caused the collapse of the financial system were largely impacted by government spending in response to the terrorist attacks and monetary policy between 2001 and 2008. This conclusion implies that the crisis could have been minimized if not prevented altogether.

Published in International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijefm.20150304.16
Page(s) 367-390
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Financial Crisis, Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy, Liquidity Effect, Paradox of Monetary Economics, Money Supply, Interest Rates, Systemic Risk

References
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[2] Bianco, Katalina M. “The Subprime Lending Crisis: Causes and Effects of the Mortgage Meltdown”. CCH Mortgage Compliance Guide and Bank Digest. CCH, 2008. Web. 4 December 2014.
[3] Bilmes, Linda J. “The Economic Fallout from 9/11”. Power & Policy. Harvard University, 5 September 2011. Web. 9 November 2014.
[4] Bloom, Nick. “The Economic Impact of 9/11”. Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research. Stanford University, February 2007. Web. 9 November 2014.
[5] Borio, Claudio, and Piti Disyatat. “Global Imbalances and the Financial Crisis”. Monetary and Economic Department - BIS Working Papers. Basel, Switzerland: Bank of International Settlements, May 2011. Web. 9 November 2014.
[6] Borio, Claudio, and Haibin Zhu. “Capital Regulation, Risk-Taking, and Monetary Policy: A Missing Link in the Transmission Mechanism?”. Journal of Financial Stability. 24 December 2011. Web. 4 December 2014.
[7] Burger, Andrew. “Four Huge Ways 9/11 Impacted the American Economy”. Go Baking Rates: Finance. 10 September 2013. Web. 9 November 2014.
[8] Challe, Edouard. “Leverage, Excessive Risk-Taking, and Financial Instability”. L’actualite de la Recherche en Finance. 31 January 2012. Web. 4 December 2014.
[9] Comiskey, Michael, and Pawan Madhogarhia. “Unraveling the Financial Crisis of 2008”. Journal of Political Science and Politics. American Political Science Association, Vol. 42 No. 2. April 2009. Web. 9 November 2014.
[10] Corsetti, Giancarlo. “The Debt Burden and its Consequences for Monetary Policy: Proceedings of a Conference held by the International Economic Association at the Deutsche Bundesbank”. Journal of Economic Literature: Vol. 37.4, p. 271-275. 1 November 1999. Updated: 11 December 2013. Web. 9 November 2014.
[11] Eichenbaum, Martin, and Jonas Fisher. “Fiscal Policy in the Aftermath of 9/11”. NBER Working Paper Series. National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2004. Web. 9 November 2014.
[12] Elliot, Larry. “IMF Warns Period of Ultra-Low Interest Rates Poses Fresh Financial Crisis Threat”. International Monetary Fund. The Guardian, Washington: 8 October 2014. Web. 2 December 2014.
[13] Engen, Eric M., and R. Glenn Hubbard. ed. Mark Gertler and Kenneth Rogoff. “Federal Government Debt and Interest Rates”. National Bureau of Economic Research: Macroeconomic Annual 2004. Volume 19 (April 2005): pg. 83-160. Web. 9 Nov 2014.
[14] Fernandez, Adriana Z, and Evan F. Koenig, and Alex Nikolsko- Rzhevskyy. “The Relative Performance of Alternative Taylor Rule Specifications”. Staff Papers. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, June 2008. Print.
[15] Hamilton, James D. “Measuring the Liquidity Effect”. The American Economic Review. American Economic Association, Volume 87, Number 1 (March 1997): pg. 80-97. Web. 2 December 2014
[16] Inside the Meltdown. dir. Michael Kirk. perf. Ben Bernanke, Will Lyman, and Peter Haydu. Frontline, 2009. Documentary Film.
[17] Jickling, Mark. “Causes of the Financial Crisis”. Congressional Research Service. Cornell University ILR School: Federal Publications, 29 January 2009. Web. 9 November 2014.
[18] Kuttner, Kenneth N. “Low Interest Rates and Housing Bubbles: Still No Smoking Gun”. International Banking Conference. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 1 January 2012. Web. 1 December 2014.
[19] Levy, Pema. “Did 9/11 Cause the Financial Crisis?”. The American Prospect. 10 September 2011. Web. 9 November 2014.
[20] Makinen, Gail. “The Economic Effects of 9/11: A Retrospective Assessment”. Congressional Research Service. The Library of Congress, 27 September 2002. Web. 9 November 2014.
[21] Mehran, Hamid, and Alan Morrison, and Joel Shapiro. “Corporate Governance and Banks: What Have We Learned from the Financial Crisis?”. Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, June 2011. Web. 4 December 2014.
[22] Neely, Christopher J. “The Federal Reserve Responds to Crises: September 11th Was Not the First”. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: p. 27- 42, March/April 2004. Web. 9 November 2014.
[23] Nelson, Charles R. “Monetary Policy”. Macroeconomics: An Introduction. 22 January 2010. Print. Obstfeld, Maurice, and Kenneth Rogoff. “Global Imbalances and the Financial Crisis: Products of Common Cause”. University of California-Berkley, Harvard University. November 2009. Web. 9 November 2014.
[24] Reinhart, Carmen M, and Takeshi Tashiro. “Crowding Out Redefined: The Role of ReserveAccumulation”. Working Paper for Asia Economic Policy Conference at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2013. Web. 3 December 2014.
[25] Roberts, Bryan W. “The Macroeconomic Impacts of the 9/11 Attack: Evidence from Real-Time Forecasting”. Office of Immigration Statistics. Department of Homeland Security, August 2009. Web. 9 November 2014.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    David Joel Skandera. (2015). Connecting 9/11 to the Financial Crisis. International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(4), 367-390. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150304.16

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    ACS Style

    David Joel Skandera. Connecting 9/11 to the Financial Crisis. Int. J. Econ. Finance Manag. Sci. 2015, 3(4), 367-390. doi: 10.11648/j.ijefm.20150304.16

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    AMA Style

    David Joel Skandera. Connecting 9/11 to the Financial Crisis. Int J Econ Finance Manag Sci. 2015;3(4):367-390. doi: 10.11648/j.ijefm.20150304.16

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijefm.20150304.16,
      author = {David Joel Skandera},
      title = {Connecting 9/11 to the Financial Crisis},
      journal = {International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences},
      volume = {3},
      number = {4},
      pages = {367-390},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijefm.20150304.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150304.16},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijefm.20150304.16},
      abstract = {This paper summarizes and analyzes research on the economic impact of United States fiscal and monetary policy in the wake of the 9/11-terrorist attacks. Therein, it attempts to connect this tragedy to the financial crisis of the late-2000s, which is still not fully understood. The large number of factors identified by numerous experts as the causes for the collapse of the financial system makes the crisis a difficult topic to study. This analysis provides a stepping-stone for any further research in that it helps explain how the factors that led to the crisis were created in the first place. Expert opinions, academic studies, as well as both a Cobb-Douglas production function and one of the newest specifications of the Taylor Rule are looked at throughout this paper. While the latter model shows how monetary policy should have been determined throughout the 2000s, the former helps to analyze the impact of fiscal policy after 9/11 on monetary policy. Based on the research and analysis presented in this paper, we can conclude that the factors that caused the collapse of the financial system were largely impacted by government spending in response to the terrorist attacks and monetary policy between 2001 and 2008. This conclusion implies that the crisis could have been minimized if not prevented altogether.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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    AB  - This paper summarizes and analyzes research on the economic impact of United States fiscal and monetary policy in the wake of the 9/11-terrorist attacks. Therein, it attempts to connect this tragedy to the financial crisis of the late-2000s, which is still not fully understood. The large number of factors identified by numerous experts as the causes for the collapse of the financial system makes the crisis a difficult topic to study. This analysis provides a stepping-stone for any further research in that it helps explain how the factors that led to the crisis were created in the first place. Expert opinions, academic studies, as well as both a Cobb-Douglas production function and one of the newest specifications of the Taylor Rule are looked at throughout this paper. While the latter model shows how monetary policy should have been determined throughout the 2000s, the former helps to analyze the impact of fiscal policy after 9/11 on monetary policy. Based on the research and analysis presented in this paper, we can conclude that the factors that caused the collapse of the financial system were largely impacted by government spending in response to the terrorist attacks and monetary policy between 2001 and 2008. This conclusion implies that the crisis could have been minimized if not prevented altogether.
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Author Information
  • Departments of Economics and Management Studies, St. Olaf College, Northfield, United States of America

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