Science Innovation

| Peer-Reviewed |

Evaluation of Bread Wheat Varieties to Dominant Races of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. Tritici) Pathogen

Received: 02 August 2015    Accepted: 17 August 2015    Published: 16 October 2015
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Stem rust (Black rust) caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important air borne diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the central high lands of Ethiopia, including west and southwest Shewa zones. The pathogen is capable to produce new physiological races that attack resistant varieties and develop epidemic under optimal environmental conditions which results in a serious yield loss. However, information on the reaction of bread wheat varieties to dominant races in west and southwest Shewa zones is lacking. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the reaction of 12 commonly grown bread wheat varieties by artificial inoculation against the major virulent races at seedling stage in green house (TKTTF and TTKSK) and at adult plant growth stage under field condition (TTKSK). In the green house test, varieties Huluka and Ogena showed resistance to TTKSK and TKTTF races. Likewise, the two varieties showed moderately resistance reaction at adult plant growth stage with terminal severity of below 10%. Whereas, ET-13A2 was susceptible to both races at both plant growth stages. Digalu was susceptible to TKTTF, but resistant to TTKSK at seedling stage, and under field condition it showed severity of 63.3S. The lowest mean AUDPC was recorded on the Ogena, Huluka and Shorima varieties with 37, 52.7 and 103.7 values in the mentioned order. In contrast, the highest mean AUDPC of 1225 on Morocco and 805.8 on Digalu were recorded. Similarly, the maximum mean disease infection rate was also recorded on Morocco and Digalu varieties. Hence, varieties Ogena and Huluka that showed resistance to both virulent races at seedling and adult plant growth stages can be used as sources of resistance in wheat breeding program.

DOI 10.11648/j.si.20150306.20
Published in Science Innovation (Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015)
Page(s) 121-126
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Wheat Stem Rust, Race, Puccinia Graminis f. sp. Tritici, AUDPC, Infection rate, Severity

References
[1] Abebe T, Woldeab G, Dawit W (2010) Distribution and Physiologic Races of Wheat Stem Rustin Tigray, Ethiopia. J Plant Pathol Microb 3:142. doi:10.4172/2157-7471.1000142.MSc Thesis.
[2] Bechere E, Kebede H and Belay G. 2000. Durum wheat in Ethiopia: An old crop in an ancient land. Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and Research (IBCR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.68pp.
[3] Belayneh, A., 2009. Genetic and virulence diversity of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici population in Ethiopia and stem rust resistance genes in wheat. PhD. Thesis. University of Giessen, Cuviller Verlag Gottingen, Germany. pp 1-20.
[4] Central Statistical Authority (CSA). (2008). Agricultural Sample Survey 1998/99. Report on Area and Production of Major Crops Volume 1. Statistical Bulletin 200. CSA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 111 pp.
[5] CSA. 2014. Agricultural Sample Survey, 2013/2014. Report on Area and production of Majorcrops. CSA May 2014. Available at: www.csa.gov.et.
[6] Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat (DRRW) Phase II (2010). Proposal for Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Cornell University Office of International Programs.
[7] FAO. 2007. Crop prospects and food situations: Global cereal production brief. Available athttp://www.fao.org.
[8] FAOSTAT. 2014. FAO Statistical database. Available at: http:// faostat.fao.org/.
[9] Gomez, K. A. and A. A. Gomez. 1984. Statistical procedure for Agricultural Research 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons. New York.
[10] Jeger, M. J. 2004. Analysis of disease progress as a basis for evaluating disease management practices.
[11] Jin, Y., R. P. Singh, R. W. Ward, R. Wanyera, M. Kinyua, P. Njau. ZA Pretorius 2007.Characterization of seedling infection types and adult plant infection responses ofmonogenic Sr gene lines to race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Plant Dis.91:1096–1099.
[12] Leppik EE (1970). Gene centers of plants as sources of disease resistance. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol., 8: 323-344.
[13] Mengistu H, Getaneh W, Yeshi A, Rebka D and Ayele B. 1991. Wheat pathology research inEthiopia. PP: 173-218. In: Wheat research.
[14] Peterson, R. F., Campbell, A. R., and Havnah, A. E. 1948. A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity on leaves and stem of cereals. Canadian Journal Research. 26: 490-500.
[15] Ravi, S., David, P., Hodson, Julio Huerta-Espino, Yue, J., Sridhar, B., Petter, N., Sybil, H. F., Pawank, S., Sukhwinder, S., and Velv, G. 2011. Fungus is a threat to world wheat production. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2011. 49: 465-81
[16] Roelfs, A. P. 1985. Epidemiology in North America. Pp. 403-434 in A. P. Roelfs and W. R. Bushnell, eds. The Cereal Rusts Vol. II; Diseases, Distribution, Epidemiology, and Control. Academic press, Orlando.
[17] Roelfs, A. P., Singh., R. P., and Saari, E. E. 1992. Rust Diseases of Wheat: Concept and Methodsof Disease Management. Mexico, D. F: CIMMYT. pp 81.
[18] Singh, R. P., Hodson, D. P., Jin, Y., Huerta-Espino, J., Kinyua, M. G., R., Njau, P., and Ward, R. W. 2006. Current status, likely migration and strategies to mitigate the threat to wheat production from race Ug99 (TTKS) of stem rust pathogen. Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and National Resources 1: 1-13.
[19] Singh RP, Hodson DP, Huerta-Espino J, Jin Y, and Njau P (2008). Will stem rust destroy the world’s wheat crop? Adv. Agron. 98:271–309.
[20] Subba Rao K. V, J.P Snow and G. T Berggren 2008. Effect of growth stage and Initial inoculum Level on the Leaf Rut Development and Yield loss caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Article first published online: 1 May 2008.
[21] Taye, T., Chemeda, F., and Getaneh, W. 2014. Evaluation of wheat cultivars for slow rusting resistance in Guji Zone, Southern Oromia. Afr. J. Agric. Res.
[22] Wang ZL, Li LH, He ZH, Duan X, Zhou YL, Chen XM, Lillemo M, Singh RP, Wang H Xia XC,2005. Seedling and adult plant resistance to powdery mildew in Chinese bread wheat cultivars and lines. Plant Diseases 89:457-463.
[23] Wilcoxson RD, 1981. Genetics of slow rusting in cereals. Phytopathology 71: 989-/993.
[24] Wilcoxson, R. D., Skovmand, B. and Atif, A.H.1975. Evaluation of wheat cultivars ability to retard development of stem rust. Annals of Applied Biology 80: 275-2181.
[25] Worku, D., Ayele, B., and Tameru, A. 2013. Evaluation of Ethiopian Commercial Wheat Cultivars for Resistance to Stem Rust of Wheat race 'UG99'. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Protection. Vol., 4(1), 15-24, 2013.
[26] Zegeye T, Taye G, Tanner D, Verkuiji H, Agidie A and Mwangi W. 2001. Adoption of improved bread wheat varieties and inorganic fertilizer by small-scale farmers in Yelmana Densaand Farta districts of Northwestern Ethiopia. EARO and CIMMYT. Mexico City, Mexico.
Author Information
  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Research Center, Ambo, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Research Center, Ambo, Ethiopia

  • Plant Science Department, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Research Center, Ambo, Ethiopia

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael, Getaneh Woldeab Wolderufael, Woubit Dawit Bedane, Endale Hailu Abera. (2015). Evaluation of Bread Wheat Varieties to Dominant Races of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. Tritici) Pathogen. Science Innovation, 3(6), 121-126. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20150306.20

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael; Getaneh Woldeab Wolderufael; Woubit Dawit Bedane; Endale Hailu Abera. Evaluation of Bread Wheat Varieties to Dominant Races of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. Tritici) Pathogen. Sci. Innov. 2015, 3(6), 121-126. doi: 10.11648/j.si.20150306.20

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael, Getaneh Woldeab Wolderufael, Woubit Dawit Bedane, Endale Hailu Abera. Evaluation of Bread Wheat Varieties to Dominant Races of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. Tritici) Pathogen. Sci Innov. 2015;3(6):121-126. doi: 10.11648/j.si.20150306.20

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.si.20150306.20,
      author = {Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael and Getaneh Woldeab Wolderufael and Woubit Dawit Bedane and Endale Hailu Abera},
      title = {Evaluation of Bread Wheat Varieties to Dominant Races of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. Tritici) Pathogen},
      journal = {Science Innovation},
      volume = {3},
      number = {6},
      pages = {121-126},
      doi = {10.11648/j.si.20150306.20},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20150306.20},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.si.20150306.20},
      abstract = {Stem rust (Black rust) caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important air borne diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the central high lands of Ethiopia, including west and southwest Shewa zones. The pathogen is capable to produce new physiological races that attack resistant varieties and develop epidemic under optimal environmental conditions which results in a serious yield loss. However, information on the reaction of bread wheat varieties to dominant races in west and southwest Shewa zones is lacking. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the reaction of 12 commonly grown bread wheat varieties by artificial inoculation against the major virulent races at seedling stage in green house (TKTTF and TTKSK) and at adult plant growth stage under field condition (TTKSK). In the green house test, varieties Huluka and Ogena showed resistance to TTKSK and TKTTF races. Likewise, the two varieties showed moderately resistance reaction at adult plant growth stage with terminal severity of below 10%. Whereas, ET-13A2 was susceptible to both races at both plant growth stages. Digalu was susceptible to TKTTF, but resistant to TTKSK at seedling stage, and under field condition it showed severity of 63.3S. The lowest mean AUDPC was recorded on the Ogena, Huluka and Shorima varieties with 37, 52.7 and 103.7 values in the mentioned order. In contrast, the highest mean AUDPC of 1225 on Morocco and 805.8 on Digalu were recorded. Similarly, the maximum mean disease infection rate was also recorded on Morocco and Digalu varieties. Hence, varieties Ogena and Huluka that showed resistance to both virulent races at seedling and adult plant growth stages can be used as sources of resistance in wheat breeding program.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Evaluation of Bread Wheat Varieties to Dominant Races of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. Tritici) Pathogen
    AU  - Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael
    AU  - Getaneh Woldeab Wolderufael
    AU  - Woubit Dawit Bedane
    AU  - Endale Hailu Abera
    Y1  - 2015/10/16
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20150306.20
    DO  - 10.11648/j.si.20150306.20
    T2  - Science Innovation
    JF  - Science Innovation
    JO  - Science Innovation
    SP  - 121
    EP  - 126
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-787X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20150306.20
    AB  - Stem rust (Black rust) caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important air borne diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the central high lands of Ethiopia, including west and southwest Shewa zones. The pathogen is capable to produce new physiological races that attack resistant varieties and develop epidemic under optimal environmental conditions which results in a serious yield loss. However, information on the reaction of bread wheat varieties to dominant races in west and southwest Shewa zones is lacking. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the reaction of 12 commonly grown bread wheat varieties by artificial inoculation against the major virulent races at seedling stage in green house (TKTTF and TTKSK) and at adult plant growth stage under field condition (TTKSK). In the green house test, varieties Huluka and Ogena showed resistance to TTKSK and TKTTF races. Likewise, the two varieties showed moderately resistance reaction at adult plant growth stage with terminal severity of below 10%. Whereas, ET-13A2 was susceptible to both races at both plant growth stages. Digalu was susceptible to TKTTF, but resistant to TTKSK at seedling stage, and under field condition it showed severity of 63.3S. The lowest mean AUDPC was recorded on the Ogena, Huluka and Shorima varieties with 37, 52.7 and 103.7 values in the mentioned order. In contrast, the highest mean AUDPC of 1225 on Morocco and 805.8 on Digalu were recorded. Similarly, the maximum mean disease infection rate was also recorded on Morocco and Digalu varieties. Hence, varieties Ogena and Huluka that showed resistance to both virulent races at seedling and adult plant growth stages can be used as sources of resistance in wheat breeding program.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections