The mechanism by which antiretroviral drugs can block the HIV virus seems weak and hence it becomes necessary to study the interaction between the HIV and the drug-coated white blood cells. The effect of the Van der Waals forces were studied to determine and understand the interaction processes in the interaction between antiretroviral drugs and the blood components in human. The method adopted involved the serial dilution of the five different antiretroviral drugs (two HAART/FDC and three single drugs) used in this study and the subsequent incubation with the blood samples collected from HIV negative persons for the absorbance measurement using a digital Ultraviolet Visible MetaSpecAE1405031Pro Spectrophotometer. The digital CD4 count machine (Cytoflowmeter) was equally used to obtain the CD4 counts of the blood samples used for this study. The variables required for the computations with the Lifshiftz formula were derived from the absorbance data. The MATLAB algorithm software tools were employed in the mathematical analysis of the very large body of data generated from the experiments. The Hamaker constants A11, A22, A33 and the combined Hamaker coefficients A131 of the various drugs interacting with the blood were obtained using the values of the dielectric constant together with the Lifshiftz equation. The absolute combined Hamaker coefficient A13Iabs (a mean of all the values of the various Hamaker coefficients) for each antiretroviral drug on uninfected blood samples were also calculated. The absolute values for the combined Hamaker coefficient, A131abs obtained for each of the five antiretroviral drugs interacting with uninfected blood samples are given thus: D1 = 0.36760×10-21Joule, D2 = 0.46337×10-21Joule, D3 = 0.53021×10-21Joule, D4 = 0.50971×10-21Joule, and D5 = 0.49599×10-21Joule. The significance of this result are the positive senses of the absolute combined Hamaker coefficient which imply net positive van der Waals forces indicating an attraction between the antiretroviral drugs and the lymphocytes. This in effect suggests effective coating or binding of the lymphocytes with the drugs. An earlier study was conducted on the Role of Repulsive Van der Waals Interactions in the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections with Antiretroviral Drugs. This study looks the other way round.
| Published in |
Science Innovation (Volume 4, Issue 3-1)
This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Researches in Science and Engineering |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.si.s.2016040301.12 |
| Page(s) | 10-18 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Absorbance, Transmittance, Dielectric Constant, Hamaker Constant, Hamaker Coefficient, Lifshitz Formula, Lymphocyte, Van der Waals Forces
| [1] | Ani, O. I., (2015): Surface Energetics Study of the Interactions between HIV and Blood Cells Treated with Antiretroviral Drugs, Ph.D. Dissertation, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. |
| [2] | Achebe, C. H., Omenyi, S. N., (2013): The effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections on the absorbance characteristics of different blood components. Int. J. Sci. Invent. 2 (5), 53-61 www.ijesi.org. |
| [3] | Omenyi, S. N., (1978): Attraction and Repulsion of Particles by Solidifying Melts, Ph. D thesis, University of Toronto (1978), pp. 23, 33, 34. |
| [4] | Hamaker, H. C., (1937): Physica, Vol.4, p.1058. |
| [5] | Van der Waals, J. D., (1873): Thesis, Leiden. |
| [6] | Visser, J., (1981): Advances in Interface Science, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, Vol.15, pp.157-169. |
| [7] | London, F., (1930): Z. Physics, Vol.63, p.245. |
APA Style
O. I. Ani, S. G. Wadzani, A. J. Ujam, O. S. Ejiofor, K. C. Mbanu. (2015). The Role of Attractive Van der Waals Forces in the Interactions Between the Antiretroviral Drugs and the Blood Components. Science Innovation, 4(3-1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.s.2016040301.12
ACS Style
O. I. Ani; S. G. Wadzani; A. J. Ujam; O. S. Ejiofor; K. C. Mbanu. The Role of Attractive Van der Waals Forces in the Interactions Between the Antiretroviral Drugs and the Blood Components. Sci. Innov. 2015, 4(3-1), 10-18. doi: 10.11648/j.si.s.2016040301.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.si.s.2016040301.12,
author = {O. I. Ani and S. G. Wadzani and A. J. Ujam and O. S. Ejiofor and K. C. Mbanu},
title = {The Role of Attractive Van der Waals Forces in the Interactions Between the Antiretroviral Drugs and the Blood Components},
journal = {Science Innovation},
volume = {4},
number = {3-1},
pages = {10-18},
doi = {10.11648/j.si.s.2016040301.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.s.2016040301.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.si.s.2016040301.12},
abstract = {The mechanism by which antiretroviral drugs can block the HIV virus seems weak and hence it becomes necessary to study the interaction between the HIV and the drug-coated white blood cells. The effect of the Van der Waals forces were studied to determine and understand the interaction processes in the interaction between antiretroviral drugs and the blood components in human. The method adopted involved the serial dilution of the five different antiretroviral drugs (two HAART/FDC and three single drugs) used in this study and the subsequent incubation with the blood samples collected from HIV negative persons for the absorbance measurement using a digital Ultraviolet Visible MetaSpecAE1405031Pro Spectrophotometer. The digital CD4 count machine (Cytoflowmeter) was equally used to obtain the CD4 counts of the blood samples used for this study. The variables required for the computations with the Lifshiftz formula were derived from the absorbance data. The MATLAB algorithm software tools were employed in the mathematical analysis of the very large body of data generated from the experiments. The Hamaker constants A11, A22, A33 and the combined Hamaker coefficients A131 of the various drugs interacting with the blood were obtained using the values of the dielectric constant together with the Lifshiftz equation. The absolute combined Hamaker coefficient A13Iabs (a mean of all the values of the various Hamaker coefficients) for each antiretroviral drug on uninfected blood samples were also calculated. The absolute values for the combined Hamaker coefficient, A131abs obtained for each of the five antiretroviral drugs interacting with uninfected blood samples are given thus: D1 = 0.36760×10-21Joule, D2 = 0.46337×10-21Joule, D3 = 0.53021×10-21Joule, D4 = 0.50971×10-21Joule, and D5 = 0.49599×10-21Joule. The significance of this result are the positive senses of the absolute combined Hamaker coefficient which imply net positive van der Waals forces indicating an attraction between the antiretroviral drugs and the lymphocytes. This in effect suggests effective coating or binding of the lymphocytes with the drugs. An earlier study was conducted on the Role of Repulsive Van der Waals Interactions in the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections with Antiretroviral Drugs. This study looks the other way round.},
year = {2015}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Attractive Van der Waals Forces in the Interactions Between the Antiretroviral Drugs and the Blood Components AU - O. I. Ani AU - S. G. Wadzani AU - A. J. Ujam AU - O. S. Ejiofor AU - K. C. Mbanu Y1 - 2015/09/28 PY - 2015 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.s.2016040301.12 DO - 10.11648/j.si.s.2016040301.12 T2 - Science Innovation JF - Science Innovation JO - Science Innovation SP - 10 EP - 18 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-787X UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.s.2016040301.12 AB - The mechanism by which antiretroviral drugs can block the HIV virus seems weak and hence it becomes necessary to study the interaction between the HIV and the drug-coated white blood cells. The effect of the Van der Waals forces were studied to determine and understand the interaction processes in the interaction between antiretroviral drugs and the blood components in human. The method adopted involved the serial dilution of the five different antiretroviral drugs (two HAART/FDC and three single drugs) used in this study and the subsequent incubation with the blood samples collected from HIV negative persons for the absorbance measurement using a digital Ultraviolet Visible MetaSpecAE1405031Pro Spectrophotometer. The digital CD4 count machine (Cytoflowmeter) was equally used to obtain the CD4 counts of the blood samples used for this study. The variables required for the computations with the Lifshiftz formula were derived from the absorbance data. The MATLAB algorithm software tools were employed in the mathematical analysis of the very large body of data generated from the experiments. The Hamaker constants A11, A22, A33 and the combined Hamaker coefficients A131 of the various drugs interacting with the blood were obtained using the values of the dielectric constant together with the Lifshiftz equation. The absolute combined Hamaker coefficient A13Iabs (a mean of all the values of the various Hamaker coefficients) for each antiretroviral drug on uninfected blood samples were also calculated. The absolute values for the combined Hamaker coefficient, A131abs obtained for each of the five antiretroviral drugs interacting with uninfected blood samples are given thus: D1 = 0.36760×10-21Joule, D2 = 0.46337×10-21Joule, D3 = 0.53021×10-21Joule, D4 = 0.50971×10-21Joule, and D5 = 0.49599×10-21Joule. The significance of this result are the positive senses of the absolute combined Hamaker coefficient which imply net positive van der Waals forces indicating an attraction between the antiretroviral drugs and the lymphocytes. This in effect suggests effective coating or binding of the lymphocytes with the drugs. An earlier study was conducted on the Role of Repulsive Van der Waals Interactions in the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections with Antiretroviral Drugs. This study looks the other way round. VL - 4 IS - 3-1 ER -
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