International Journal of Science, Technology and Society

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Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentration in Maize Grown in Selected Industrial Areas of Ogun State and its Effects on Urban Food Security

Received: 11 August 2013    Accepted:     Published: 20 September 2013
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Abstract

This project was carried out to investigate the effect industrial pollution as it affects the heavy metal concentrations flared into the atmosphere, washed down by rain and absorb by maize cultivated in industrial areas of Ogun State. This was suspected to have effects on food safety .In addition to determine the effect of soil factor and the accumulation of metals in maize. This study also ascertained the basis for environmental protection and reduction of the negative implication of heavy metals in the human and livestock health. Maize and soil samples were collected from industrial areas in Ogun State and were analyzed for both chemical and metal concentrations. The metals Fe, Cu, Mg, Ni, Pb, Ca, and Co were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results of the chemical analysis of the maize collected from the industrial areas of Ogun State ranged between 6.35-9.45%, 8.31-12.68%, 1.49-8.294% 1.746-2.792%, and 71.32-78.896% for moisture, crude protein, ether extract, and carbohydrate respectively while the chemical analysis of the soil ranged between 0.65-1.90%, 6.63-7.89%, and 4.01-8.6% for moisture, pH, and nitrogen content respectively. The concentrations of the metals Fe, Cu, Mg, Ni, Pb, Ca, and Co in maize ranged between 28.5-59.5mg/kg, 2-10.7mg/kg, 248.3-321mg/kg, 1.8-4.775mg/kg, 62.5-150mg/kg, and 1.2-10.2mg/kg respectively while the concentrations of the soil samples were 28.9-59.6mg/kg, 4-12.2mg/kg, 297.3-350.5mg/kg, 4.55-9.28mg/kg, 83.3-177.5mg/kg, 7.6-21.8mg/kg, and 0.075-0.46mg/kg for Fe, Cu, Mg, Ni, Pb, Ca, and Co respectively. Some of the metals such as Ni in Ewekoro, Pb in Sango, exceeded the recommended limits proposed by WHO/FAO. The results showed that the high concentrations of certain heavy metals in maize revealed the level of food insecurity and this calls for public concern.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijsts.20130102.12
Published in International Journal of Science, Technology and Society (Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2013)
Page(s) 48-56
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Food Security, Indusrial Pollution, Metal Toxicity, Accumulation of Metals in Maize

References
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[6] Brady, N.C and Weil, R.R. (2002). Elements of the nature and properties of soil. Prentice hall. There is no lab manual. Lab instructions will be posted in the course website. Text teaching assistant: jen loudon; jloudon@AESOP.rutgers.edu 11:375:360
[7] Byerlee., D; and Heisey. 1997. "Evolution of the African maize economy. "In D. Byerlee and C.K. Eicher (eds), Africa’s emerging maize revolution. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers
[8] Dowswell, CR, Paliwal, RL, Cantrell, RP., (1996): Maize in the Third World, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. .
[9] FAO (2002). Food Energy – Methods of analysis and convertion factors. Report of a technical workshop. Rome, 3-6 December, 2002.
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[12] FFSSA (Forum for Food Security in Southern Africa) (2004). Achieving Food Security in Southern Africa: Policy Issues and Options. FFSSA Synthesis Paper. Online. http://odi.org.uk/work/projects/03-food-security forum/docs/ffssa_synthesis_consultation.pdf ( Accessed on January 10, 2011). from Hungary, Poland and Bulgaria. World Bank, Washington D.C.
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[15] Kabata-Pendias and Pendias, H., (2001). Trace Metals in Soils and Plants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, USA, 2nd edition.
[16] Lovei, M. and B.S. Levy (2000). Lead exposure and healh in Central Eastern Europe. Evidence
[17] Malomo. O., Ogunmoyela, O.A.B., Oluwajoba, S.O., Adekoyeni, O.O. (2012). Evaluation of chemical and heavy metal concentration in maize (Zea mays) from industrial areas of Ogun State. Journal of sustainable development and environmental protection.: 2(3):35-42
[18] Najat, K. M. (2008). Nuclear techniques applied to biological samples from Tanzania to monitor the nutritional status of children. A PhD thesis. Faculty of Engineering and Physical sciences, University of Survey
[19] Nelson, T. (1996). Closing the Nutrient Loop. World Watch (November/December)
[20] Nkansan, M. A. And Amoako, C.O (2010). Heavy metal content of some common spicies available in markets in the in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana. American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 192):158-163.
[21] Olayemi, J.K. (1982): Improved Marketing as a Strategy for Generating Increased Food Production, A Nigeria Experience. West African Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1(1): 21-26.
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[23] Punita Guria. (2006). Physico-chemical properties, nutritional quality and value addition to quality protein maize (Zea mays L.). A Thesis for Master of Home Science Submitted to the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.
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Author Information
  • College of Food Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, P.M.B. 1015, OTA, Ogun State, Nigeria

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    Malomo Olu, Olufade, O. I., Adekoyeni, O. O., et al. (2013). Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentration in Maize Grown in Selected Industrial Areas of Ogun State and its Effects on Urban Food Security. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 1(2), 48-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20130102.12

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    Malomo Olu; Olufade; O. I.; Adekoyeni; O. O., et al. Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentration in Maize Grown in Selected Industrial Areas of Ogun State and its Effects on Urban Food Security. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Soc. 2013, 1(2), 48-56. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20130102.12

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    Malomo Olu, Olufade, O. I., Adekoyeni, O. O., et al. Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentration in Maize Grown in Selected Industrial Areas of Ogun State and its Effects on Urban Food Security. Int J Sci Technol Soc. 2013;1(2):48-56. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20130102.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijsts.20130102.12,
      author = {Malomo Olu and Olufade and O. I. and Adekoyeni and O. O. and Jimoh and M. O.},
      title = {Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentration in Maize Grown in Selected Industrial Areas of Ogun State and its Effects on Urban Food Security},
      journal = {International Journal of Science, Technology and Society},
      volume = {1},
      number = {2},
      pages = {48-56},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijsts.20130102.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20130102.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsts.20130102.12},
      abstract = {This project was carried out to investigate the effect industrial pollution as it affects the heavy metal concentrations flared into the atmosphere, washed down by rain and absorb by maize cultivated in industrial areas of Ogun State. This was suspected to have effects on food safety .In addition to determine the effect of soil factor and the accumulation of metals in maize. This study also ascertained the basis for environmental protection and reduction of the negative implication of heavy metals in the human and livestock health. Maize and soil samples were collected from industrial areas in Ogun State and were analyzed for both chemical and metal concentrations. The metals Fe, Cu, Mg, Ni, Pb, Ca, and Co were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results of the chemical analysis of the maize collected from the industrial areas of Ogun State ranged between 6.35-9.45%, 8.31-12.68%, 1.49-8.294% 1.746-2.792%, and 71.32-78.896% for moisture, crude protein, ether extract, and carbohydrate respectively while the chemical analysis of the soil ranged between 0.65-1.90%, 6.63-7.89%, and 4.01-8.6% for moisture, pH, and nitrogen content respectively. The concentrations of the metals Fe, Cu, Mg, Ni, Pb, Ca, and Co in maize ranged between 28.5-59.5mg/kg, 2-10.7mg/kg, 248.3-321mg/kg, 1.8-4.775mg/kg, 62.5-150mg/kg, and 1.2-10.2mg/kg respectively while the concentrations of the soil samples were 28.9-59.6mg/kg, 4-12.2mg/kg, 297.3-350.5mg/kg, 4.55-9.28mg/kg, 83.3-177.5mg/kg, 7.6-21.8mg/kg, and 0.075-0.46mg/kg for Fe, Cu, Mg, Ni, Pb, Ca, and Co respectively. Some of the metals such as Ni in Ewekoro, Pb in Sango, exceeded the recommended limits proposed by WHO/FAO. The results showed that the high concentrations of certain heavy metals in maize revealed the level of food insecurity and this calls for public concern.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

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    T1  - Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentration in Maize Grown in Selected Industrial Areas of Ogun State and its Effects on Urban Food Security
    AU  - Malomo Olu
    AU  - Olufade
    AU  - O. I.
    AU  - Adekoyeni
    AU  - O. O.
    AU  - Jimoh
    AU  - M. O.
    Y1  - 2013/09/20
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20130102.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsts.20130102.12
    T2  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
    JF  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
    JO  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
    SP  - 48
    EP  - 56
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-7420
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20130102.12
    AB  - This project was carried out to investigate the effect industrial pollution as it affects the heavy metal concentrations flared into the atmosphere, washed down by rain and absorb by maize cultivated in industrial areas of Ogun State. This was suspected to have effects on food safety .In addition to determine the effect of soil factor and the accumulation of metals in maize. This study also ascertained the basis for environmental protection and reduction of the negative implication of heavy metals in the human and livestock health. Maize and soil samples were collected from industrial areas in Ogun State and were analyzed for both chemical and metal concentrations. The metals Fe, Cu, Mg, Ni, Pb, Ca, and Co were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results of the chemical analysis of the maize collected from the industrial areas of Ogun State ranged between 6.35-9.45%, 8.31-12.68%, 1.49-8.294% 1.746-2.792%, and 71.32-78.896% for moisture, crude protein, ether extract, and carbohydrate respectively while the chemical analysis of the soil ranged between 0.65-1.90%, 6.63-7.89%, and 4.01-8.6% for moisture, pH, and nitrogen content respectively. The concentrations of the metals Fe, Cu, Mg, Ni, Pb, Ca, and Co in maize ranged between 28.5-59.5mg/kg, 2-10.7mg/kg, 248.3-321mg/kg, 1.8-4.775mg/kg, 62.5-150mg/kg, and 1.2-10.2mg/kg respectively while the concentrations of the soil samples were 28.9-59.6mg/kg, 4-12.2mg/kg, 297.3-350.5mg/kg, 4.55-9.28mg/kg, 83.3-177.5mg/kg, 7.6-21.8mg/kg, and 0.075-0.46mg/kg for Fe, Cu, Mg, Ni, Pb, Ca, and Co respectively. Some of the metals such as Ni in Ewekoro, Pb in Sango, exceeded the recommended limits proposed by WHO/FAO. The results showed that the high concentrations of certain heavy metals in maize revealed the level of food insecurity and this calls for public concern.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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