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Total Gravitational Force Re-cast in Complex Space-Time Frame

Received: 10 February 2017    Accepted: 19 June 2017    Published: 20 July 2017
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Abstract

Einstein’s general theory of relativity provoked the need to have an experiment if it had to be considered valid. As a result, Gravity Probe-B experiment was suggested and conducted. The results of the GP-B experiment have shown that the general theory of relativity was correct but it is limited. More information was revealed from this experiment than the earlier predictions. Several theoretical researches have been attempted to develop a single model that puts together the predictions or GR and the experimental result. This has not happened. A major setback in the numerous studies towards obtaining such a model has been the lack of a robust and well elaborate mathematical structure. This study has therefore identified a comprehensive mathematical structure to re-cast the predictions and also determine the finer details of the extra experimental data with accuracy. The new mathematical structure re-defines the four vector frame by expressing the fourth time axis as a vector just like the three well known spatial axes. However, the time axis is assumed to take a general orientation as opposed to the spatial axes which are mutually orthogonal. The unit vector on the time axis is complex and it is represented by the temporal unit vector . The four-vector mathematics in this complex plane agrees with the three-dimensional vector mathematics that is well established. This study therefore intends to comprehensively reformulate geodetic effect and frame-dragging effect.

Published in World Journal of Applied Physics (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.wjap.20170202.12
Page(s) 43-49
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Gravitational Force, Gravitational Field, Four Vector Complex Frame

References
[1] Schiff L. I. (1960), Phys, Rev. Lett. 4, 215.
[2] Cahil T. R. (2004), Novel gravity probe-b gravitational wave detection.
[3] arxiv:physics/048097vI[physics]22/8/2004.
[4] Pugh G. (1959), The Lense-Thirring effect, Rufffini R. and Sigismondi C. (2003), World Scientific Publishing company. Pp 414-426, based on 1959 report.
[5] Van Patten R. A. and Everitt C.W.F. (1976), Phys. Rev. Lett. 36,629 (1976).
[6] Everitt et al.: in near zero: Frestschrift for William M. Fairbank, ed S. Francisco (1986).
[7] Jurneaure J. P., Everitt C. W. F., Parkinson B. W. et al (1986). Gravity probe-B Relativity Gyroscope Experiment, in proc. Of fourth Marcell Grossmann Meeting in general relativity ed. Ruffin R. (Elsevier, Amsterdam 1986).
[8] CiufolinI. and Palvis E, C. Nature 431,958 (2004).
[9] Ashby N. Nature 431, 918 (2004).
[10] Seife C. Science 306, 502 (2004).
[11] O’Connell R. F. (2013) A note on frame-dragging U S A arXiv:gr-qc/0509025Vi sept 2005.
[12] Williams J. G., Newhall X. X. Dickey J. D. Folkner W. M. (2002) in proc. 9th Marcell Grossmann meeting (world scientific, Singapore 2002).
[13] Kostadin T. and Emilija G. C. (2013) Geodetic precession and frame dragging observed far from massive objects and close to a gyroscope.arXiv:07064284v4[gr-qc]25/11/.
[14] Omolo J. A. (2014), Complex Space-time Frame: Four Vector Identities and Tensors. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/apm.2014.411065.
[15] Omolo J. A. (2013), On a derivation of the temporal unit vector of space time frame. Maseno University Journal Vol. 1, 305 (2015).
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Wellingtone Kibande, Solomon Otimo, Joseph Akeyo Omolo. (2017). Total Gravitational Force Re-cast in Complex Space-Time Frame. World Journal of Applied Physics, 2(2), 43-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170202.12

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    ACS Style

    Wellingtone Kibande; Solomon Otimo; Joseph Akeyo Omolo. Total Gravitational Force Re-cast in Complex Space-Time Frame. World J. Appl. Phys. 2017, 2(2), 43-49. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20170202.12

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    AMA Style

    Wellingtone Kibande, Solomon Otimo, Joseph Akeyo Omolo. Total Gravitational Force Re-cast in Complex Space-Time Frame. World J Appl Phys. 2017;2(2):43-49. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20170202.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.wjap.20170202.12,
      author = {Wellingtone Kibande and Solomon Otimo and Joseph Akeyo Omolo},
      title = {Total Gravitational Force Re-cast in Complex Space-Time Frame},
      journal = {World Journal of Applied Physics},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2},
      pages = {43-49},
      doi = {10.11648/j.wjap.20170202.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170202.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjap.20170202.12},
      abstract = {Einstein’s general theory of relativity provoked the need to have an experiment if it had to be considered valid. As a result, Gravity Probe-B experiment was suggested and conducted. The results of the GP-B experiment have shown that the general theory of relativity was correct but it is limited. More information was revealed from this experiment than the earlier predictions. Several theoretical researches have been attempted to develop a single model that puts together the predictions or GR and the experimental result. This has not happened. A major setback in the numerous studies towards obtaining such a model has been the lack of a robust and well elaborate mathematical structure. This study has therefore identified a comprehensive mathematical structure to re-cast the predictions and also determine the finer details of the extra experimental data with accuracy. The new mathematical structure re-defines the four vector frame by expressing the fourth time axis as a vector just like the three well known spatial axes. However, the time axis is assumed to take a general orientation as opposed to the spatial axes which are mutually orthogonal. The unit vector on the time axis is complex and it is represented by the temporal unit vector . The four-vector mathematics in this complex plane agrees with the three-dimensional vector mathematics that is well established. This study therefore intends to comprehensively reformulate geodetic effect and frame-dragging effect.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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    T2  - World Journal of Applied Physics
    JF  - World Journal of Applied Physics
    JO  - World Journal of Applied Physics
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    AB  - Einstein’s general theory of relativity provoked the need to have an experiment if it had to be considered valid. As a result, Gravity Probe-B experiment was suggested and conducted. The results of the GP-B experiment have shown that the general theory of relativity was correct but it is limited. More information was revealed from this experiment than the earlier predictions. Several theoretical researches have been attempted to develop a single model that puts together the predictions or GR and the experimental result. This has not happened. A major setback in the numerous studies towards obtaining such a model has been the lack of a robust and well elaborate mathematical structure. This study has therefore identified a comprehensive mathematical structure to re-cast the predictions and also determine the finer details of the extra experimental data with accuracy. The new mathematical structure re-defines the four vector frame by expressing the fourth time axis as a vector just like the three well known spatial axes. However, the time axis is assumed to take a general orientation as opposed to the spatial axes which are mutually orthogonal. The unit vector on the time axis is complex and it is represented by the temporal unit vector . The four-vector mathematics in this complex plane agrees with the three-dimensional vector mathematics that is well established. This study therefore intends to comprehensively reformulate geodetic effect and frame-dragging effect.
    VL  - 2
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Author Information
  • Department of Physics and Materials Science, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya

  • Department of Physics and Materials Science, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya

  • Department of Physics and Materials Science, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya

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