Study of Radiation Pollution of Groundwater in Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq

Asia Hameed Al-Mashhadani; Huda Saddi Ali; Karar Sameen Ali

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14

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Study of Radiation Pollution of Groundwater in Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq

Asia Hameed Al-Mashhadani, Huda Saddi Ali, Karar Sameen Ali

Published in World Journal of Applied Physics (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 31 July 2017 Accepted: 8 August 2017 Published: 13 September 2017

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Abstract

This paper presents an evaluation radiation pollution of groundwater and the radioactive contamination from natural radiation sources using sodium iodide detector by measuring gamma lines emitted from radioisotopes. The radioactivity of the radioisotopes radium (Ra²²⁶), Actinium (Ac²²⁸) and potassium (K⁴⁰) were identified in the studied samples, which included 52 different groundwater samples in the city of Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. The results show that the concentration of Ra²²⁶ was between the range (w₂₂ (3.712)-w₄₅ (191.551)) BqL^-1, where some of samples radioactivity was higher than the allowed limit (35BqL^-1), but the concentration of Ac²²⁸ was between (w₂₅ (1.609)- w₂₉ (42.4) BqL^-1) and the concentration of K⁴⁰ was between (w₁ (1.092) - w₁₈ (123.164)) Bq L^-1 where all the results were below the allowed limit of (400BqL^-1), and the radium equivalent was between (w₂₂ (20.613434) -W₄₅ (212.02739))BqL^-1, where all the results were below the global limit (370) BqL^-1. The rate of absorbed dose AD was between (9.7047138-97.434442) nGyh^-1 that 20 samples appeared above the allowed limit and the rest of the samples was less than the allowed limit (84Bq L^-1). The annual effective dose of Ra²²⁶ concentration was between (0.065097- 0.001261) mSv/year showed that all the results were less than the global limit of (0.1 mSv / year).

Published in	World Journal of Applied Physics (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14
Page(s)	85-91
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Radiation Pollution, Groundwater, Radionuclides

References

[1]	Al-Mazuri, N. S. M., (2000). Environmental Radiological Pollution and it’s Sources in Nineveh Governorate, M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. of Engineering, Univ. of Baghdad.
[2]	Fews, A. P. and Henshaw, D. L. (1983), Phys. Meth. Biol. 28 (5), 459.
[3]	Malik S. R. (1981). "Application of N. IFFDT in studies of Spatial Distribution and Uranium Content". Nuclear Tracks, 4, 309-319.
[4]	Köksal E. M., Çelebi N., Ataksor B., Ulug A., Taşdelen M., Kopuz G., Akar B., M. T. Karabulut, (2004). “A survey or ²²²Ra concentration in dwelling of Turkey”. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 259 (2) 213-216.
[5]	Tawfiq, N. F., Mansour, H. L. and Karim, M. S. (2015). "Natural Radioactivity in Soil Samples for Selected Regions in Baghdad Governorate", International Journal of Recent Research and Review, VIII (1), 1-7.
[6]	Ramola, R. C., Choubey, V. M., Prasad, G., Gusain, G. S., Toshevaand, Kies, Z. A., (2011) "Radionuclide analysis in the soil of Kumaun Himalaya, India, using gamma ray spectrometry", Current Science, 100 (6), 906-914.
[7]	Knoll, G. (1979) “Radiation Detection and Measurement” John Wiley, U.S.A.
[8]	UNSCEAR. Report, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, (2000). “Sources, Effects and Risks of lionizing Radiations”. New York: United Nations Publication.
[9]	EPA: US Environmental Protection Agency, (1992). “Technical Support Document, Citizen’s Guide to Radon”. Washington DC; EPA 400-R-92-011.
[10]	Chruscielewsik W. and Kaminsik Z. (1999). “Radium and Radon in Natural Underground Water Supply in the Reign of Lodz” Int. J. of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 12 29-238.

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APA Style

Asia Hameed Al-Mashhadani, Huda Saddi Ali, Karar Sameen Ali. (2017). Study of Radiation Pollution of Groundwater in Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. World Journal of Applied Physics, 2(3), 85-91. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14

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ACS Style

Asia Hameed Al-Mashhadani; Huda Saddi Ali; Karar Sameen Ali. Study of Radiation Pollution of Groundwater in Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. World J. Appl. Phys. 2017, 2(3), 85-91. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14

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AMA Style

Asia Hameed Al-Mashhadani, Huda Saddi Ali, Karar Sameen Ali. Study of Radiation Pollution of Groundwater in Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. World J Appl Phys. 2017;2(3):85-91. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14

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@article{10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14,
  author = {Asia Hameed Al-Mashhadani and Huda Saddi Ali and Karar Sameen Ali},
  title = {Study of Radiation Pollution of Groundwater in Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Physics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {85-91},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjap.20170203.14},
  abstract = {This paper presents an evaluation radiation pollution of groundwater and the radioactive contamination from natural radiation sources using sodium iodide detector by measuring gamma lines emitted from radioisotopes. The radioactivity of the radioisotopes radium (Ra226), Actinium (Ac228) and potassium (K40) were identified in the studied samples, which included 52 different groundwater samples in the city of Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. The results show that the concentration of Ra226 was between the range (w22 (3.712)-w45 (191.551)) BqL-1, where some of samples radioactivity was higher than the allowed limit (35BqL-1), but the concentration of Ac228 was between (w25 (1.609)- w29 (42.4) BqL-1) and the concentration of K40 was between (w1 (1.092) - w18 (123.164)) Bq L-1 where all the results were below the allowed limit of (400BqL-1), and the radium equivalent was between (w22 (20.613434) -W45 (212.02739))BqL-1, where all the results were below the global limit (370) BqL-1. The rate of absorbed dose AD was between (9.7047138-97.434442) nGyh-1 that 20 samples appeared above the allowed limit and the rest of the samples was less than the allowed limit (84Bq L-1). The annual effective dose of Ra226 concentration was between (0.065097- 0.001261) mSv/year showed that all the results were less than the global limit of (0.1 mSv / year).},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Study of Radiation Pollution of Groundwater in Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq
AU  - Asia Hameed Al-Mashhadani
AU  - Huda Saddi Ali
AU  - Karar Sameen Ali
Y1  - 2017/09/13
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14
T2  - World Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - World Journal of Applied Physics
JO  - World Journal of Applied Physics
SP  - 85
EP  - 91
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-6008
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14
AB  - This paper presents an evaluation radiation pollution of groundwater and the radioactive contamination from natural radiation sources using sodium iodide detector by measuring gamma lines emitted from radioisotopes. The radioactivity of the radioisotopes radium (Ra226), Actinium (Ac228) and potassium (K40) were identified in the studied samples, which included 52 different groundwater samples in the city of Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. The results show that the concentration of Ra226 was between the range (w22 (3.712)-w45 (191.551)) BqL-1, where some of samples radioactivity was higher than the allowed limit (35BqL-1), but the concentration of Ac228 was between (w25 (1.609)- w29 (42.4) BqL-1) and the concentration of K40 was between (w1 (1.092) - w18 (123.164)) Bq L-1 where all the results were below the allowed limit of (400BqL-1), and the radium equivalent was between (w22 (20.613434) -W45 (212.02739))BqL-1, where all the results were below the global limit (370) BqL-1. The rate of absorbed dose AD was between (9.7047138-97.434442) nGyh-1 that 20 samples appeared above the allowed limit and the rest of the samples was less than the allowed limit (84Bq L-1). The annual effective dose of Ra226 concentration was between (0.065097- 0.001261) mSv/year showed that all the results were less than the global limit of (0.1 mSv / year).
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Asia Hameed Al-Mashhadani

Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Huda Saddi Ali

Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Tikrt, Salah Alden, Iraq
Karar Sameen Ali

Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Tikrt, Salah Alden, Iraq

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Asia Hameed Al-Mashhadani, Huda Saddi Ali, Karar Sameen Ali. (2017). Study of Radiation Pollution of Groundwater in Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. World Journal of Applied Physics, 2(3), 85-91. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14

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ACS Style

Asia Hameed Al-Mashhadani; Huda Saddi Ali; Karar Sameen Ali. Study of Radiation Pollution of Groundwater in Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. World J. Appl. Phys. 2017, 2(3), 85-91. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14

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AMA Style

Asia Hameed Al-Mashhadani, Huda Saddi Ali, Karar Sameen Ali. Study of Radiation Pollution of Groundwater in Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. World J Appl Phys. 2017;2(3):85-91. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14

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@article{10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14,
  author = {Asia Hameed Al-Mashhadani and Huda Saddi Ali and Karar Sameen Ali},
  title = {Study of Radiation Pollution of Groundwater in Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Physics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {85-91},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjap.20170203.14},
  abstract = {This paper presents an evaluation radiation pollution of groundwater and the radioactive contamination from natural radiation sources using sodium iodide detector by measuring gamma lines emitted from radioisotopes. The radioactivity of the radioisotopes radium (Ra226), Actinium (Ac228) and potassium (K40) were identified in the studied samples, which included 52 different groundwater samples in the city of Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. The results show that the concentration of Ra226 was between the range (w22 (3.712)-w45 (191.551)) BqL-1, where some of samples radioactivity was higher than the allowed limit (35BqL-1), but the concentration of Ac228 was between (w25 (1.609)- w29 (42.4) BqL-1) and the concentration of K40 was between (w1 (1.092) - w18 (123.164)) Bq L-1 where all the results were below the allowed limit of (400BqL-1), and the radium equivalent was between (w22 (20.613434) -W45 (212.02739))BqL-1, where all the results were below the global limit (370) BqL-1. The rate of absorbed dose AD was between (9.7047138-97.434442) nGyh-1 that 20 samples appeared above the allowed limit and the rest of the samples was less than the allowed limit (84Bq L-1). The annual effective dose of Ra226 concentration was between (0.065097- 0.001261) mSv/year showed that all the results were less than the global limit of (0.1 mSv / year).},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Study of Radiation Pollution of Groundwater in Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq
AU  - Asia Hameed Al-Mashhadani
AU  - Huda Saddi Ali
AU  - Karar Sameen Ali
Y1  - 2017/09/13
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14
T2  - World Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - World Journal of Applied Physics
JO  - World Journal of Applied Physics
SP  - 85
EP  - 91
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-6008
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14
AB  - This paper presents an evaluation radiation pollution of groundwater and the radioactive contamination from natural radiation sources using sodium iodide detector by measuring gamma lines emitted from radioisotopes. The radioactivity of the radioisotopes radium (Ra226), Actinium (Ac228) and potassium (K40) were identified in the studied samples, which included 52 different groundwater samples in the city of Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. The results show that the concentration of Ra226 was between the range (w22 (3.712)-w45 (191.551)) BqL-1, where some of samples radioactivity was higher than the allowed limit (35BqL-1), but the concentration of Ac228 was between (w25 (1.609)- w29 (42.4) BqL-1) and the concentration of K40 was between (w1 (1.092) - w18 (123.164)) Bq L-1 where all the results were below the allowed limit of (400BqL-1), and the radium equivalent was between (w22 (20.613434) -W45 (212.02739))BqL-1, where all the results were below the global limit (370) BqL-1. The rate of absorbed dose AD was between (9.7047138-97.434442) nGyh-1 that 20 samples appeared above the allowed limit and the rest of the samples was less than the allowed limit (84Bq L-1). The annual effective dose of Ra226 concentration was between (0.065097- 0.001261) mSv/year showed that all the results were less than the global limit of (0.1 mSv / year).
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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