Psychology and Behavioral Sciences

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Emotionality Activity Sociability and Impulsivity (EASI) Survey: Psychometric Properties and Assessment Biases of the Japanese Version

Received: 26 July 2014    Accepted: 08 August 2014    Published: 20 August 2014
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Abstract

Background: The EASI Survey, a 20-item parent report, was one of the first instruments developed to measure children’s temperament. Methods: We performed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the EASI items in a randomly halved population of Japanese fathers (n = 237) and mothers (n = 412) of children under four years of age. The factor structure was cross-validated by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Then, parents’ assessments of each temperament were regressed on the other parents’ assessments and then on a variety of intrapersonal and interpersonal variables related to the assessor parents. Results: An EFA yielded a two-factor structure but a four-factor structure according to the original report showed better fit with the data. The new four-factor model (excluding items with low factor loadings) showed in a CFA acceptable goodness-of-fit with the data. This four subscales showed moderate internal consistency. Parental assessment of the EASI subscales was explainable by the assessment rated by the other parent. After controlling it, parents with depression, anger, and less caring attitudes were more likely to rate their child’s Emotionality and Impulsivity higher than their partners. Conclusions: The EASI Survey may be applicable to a Japanese non-clinical child population.

DOI 10.11648/j.pbs.20140304.12
Published in Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014)
Page(s) 113-120
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Temperament, Assessment, Parental Personality, Anger, Bond to Child

References
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Author Information
  • Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine

  • Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

  • Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Midwifery and Women’s Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo

  • Department of Midwifery and Women’s Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo

  • Kumamoto Paediatric Associations, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan

  • Kumamoto Paediatric Associations, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan

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    Toshinori Kitamura, Yukiko Ohashi, Mariko Minatani, Megumi Haruna, Mikihiko Murakami, et al. (2014). Emotionality Activity Sociability and Impulsivity (EASI) Survey: Psychometric Properties and Assessment Biases of the Japanese Version. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 3(4), 113-120. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20140304.12

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    ACS Style

    Toshinori Kitamura; Yukiko Ohashi; Mariko Minatani; Megumi Haruna; Mikihiko Murakami, et al. Emotionality Activity Sociability and Impulsivity (EASI) Survey: Psychometric Properties and Assessment Biases of the Japanese Version. Psychol. Behav. Sci. 2014, 3(4), 113-120. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20140304.12

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    AMA Style

    Toshinori Kitamura, Yukiko Ohashi, Mariko Minatani, Megumi Haruna, Mikihiko Murakami, et al. Emotionality Activity Sociability and Impulsivity (EASI) Survey: Psychometric Properties and Assessment Biases of the Japanese Version. Psychol Behav Sci. 2014;3(4):113-120. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20140304.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.pbs.20140304.12,
      author = {Toshinori Kitamura and Yukiko Ohashi and Mariko Minatani and Megumi Haruna and Mikihiko Murakami and Yoshitaka Goto},
      title = {Emotionality Activity Sociability and Impulsivity (EASI) Survey: Psychometric Properties and Assessment Biases of the Japanese Version},
      journal = {Psychology and Behavioral Sciences},
      volume = {3},
      number = {4},
      pages = {113-120},
      doi = {10.11648/j.pbs.20140304.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20140304.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pbs.20140304.12},
      abstract = {Background: The EASI Survey, a 20-item parent report, was one of the first instruments developed to measure children’s temperament. Methods: We performed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the EASI items in a randomly halved population of Japanese fathers (n = 237) and mothers (n = 412) of children under four years of age. The factor structure was cross-validated by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Then, parents’ assessments of each temperament were regressed on the other parents’ assessments and then on a variety of intrapersonal and interpersonal variables related to the assessor parents. Results: An EFA yielded a two-factor structure but a four-factor structure according to the original report showed better fit with the data. The new four-factor model (excluding items with low factor loadings) showed in a CFA acceptable goodness-of-fit with the data. This four subscales showed moderate internal consistency. Parental assessment of the EASI subscales was explainable by the assessment rated by the other parent. After controlling it, parents with depression, anger, and less caring attitudes were more likely to rate their child’s Emotionality and Impulsivity higher than their partners. Conclusions: The EASI Survey may be applicable to a Japanese non-clinical child population.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Emotionality Activity Sociability and Impulsivity (EASI) Survey: Psychometric Properties and Assessment Biases of the Japanese Version
    AU  - Toshinori Kitamura
    AU  - Yukiko Ohashi
    AU  - Mariko Minatani
    AU  - Megumi Haruna
    AU  - Mikihiko Murakami
    AU  - Yoshitaka Goto
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    T2  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
    JF  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
    JO  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
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    EP  - 120
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7845
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20140304.12
    AB  - Background: The EASI Survey, a 20-item parent report, was one of the first instruments developed to measure children’s temperament. Methods: We performed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the EASI items in a randomly halved population of Japanese fathers (n = 237) and mothers (n = 412) of children under four years of age. The factor structure was cross-validated by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Then, parents’ assessments of each temperament were regressed on the other parents’ assessments and then on a variety of intrapersonal and interpersonal variables related to the assessor parents. Results: An EFA yielded a two-factor structure but a four-factor structure according to the original report showed better fit with the data. The new four-factor model (excluding items with low factor loadings) showed in a CFA acceptable goodness-of-fit with the data. This four subscales showed moderate internal consistency. Parental assessment of the EASI subscales was explainable by the assessment rated by the other parent. After controlling it, parents with depression, anger, and less caring attitudes were more likely to rate their child’s Emotionality and Impulsivity higher than their partners. Conclusions: The EASI Survey may be applicable to a Japanese non-clinical child population.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 4
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