Body Integrity Identity Disorder and Gender Dysphoria: A Pilot Study to Investigate Similarities and Differences

Antonia Ostgathe; Thomas Schnell; Erich Kasten

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14

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Body Integrity Identity Disorder and Gender Dysphoria: A Pilot Study to Investigate Similarities and Differences

Antonia Ostgathe, Thomas Schnell, Erich Kasten

Received: 23 October 2014 Accepted: 31 October 2014 Published: 17 November 2014

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Abstract

Objective: Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) describes a phenomenon in which physically healthy people feel the constant desire for an impairment of their body. M. First [4] suggested to classify BIID as an identity disorder. The other main disorder in this respect is Gender Dysphoria. In this paper these phenomena are compared. Method: A questionnaire survey with transsexuals (number of subjects, N=19) and BIID sufferers (N=24) measuring similarities and differences. Age and educational level of the subjects are predominantly matched. Results: No differences were found between BIID and Gender Dysphoria with respect to body image and body perception (U-test: p-value=.757), age of onset (p=.841), the imitation of the desired identity (p=.699 and p=.938), the etiology (p=.299) and intensity of desire (p=.989 and p=.224) as well as in relation to a high level of suffering and impaired quality of life (p=.066). Conclusion: There are many similarities between BIID and Gender Dysphoria, but the sample was too small to make general statements. The results, however, indicate that BIID can actually be classified as an identity disorder.

DOI	10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14
Published in	American Journal of Applied Psychology (Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2014)
Page(s)	138-143
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Body Integrity Identity Disorder, BIID, Xenomelia, Amputation, Gender Dysphoria, Transsexualism, Identity, Gender Identity Disorder, Identity Disorder

References

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[10]	Lawrence, A. A. (2006). Clinical and Theoretical Parallels between Desire for Limb Amputation and Gender Identity Disorder. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35, No. 3, 263-278
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APA Style

Antonia Ostgathe, Thomas Schnell, Erich Kasten. (2014). Body Integrity Identity Disorder and Gender Dysphoria: A Pilot Study to Investigate Similarities and Differences. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 3(6), 138-143. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14

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ACS Style

Antonia Ostgathe; Thomas Schnell; Erich Kasten. Body Integrity Identity Disorder and Gender Dysphoria: A Pilot Study to Investigate Similarities and Differences. Am. J. Appl. Psychol. 2014, 3(6), 138-143. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14

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AMA Style

Antonia Ostgathe, Thomas Schnell, Erich Kasten. Body Integrity Identity Disorder and Gender Dysphoria: A Pilot Study to Investigate Similarities and Differences. Am J Appl Psychol. 2014;3(6):138-143. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14,
  author = {Antonia Ostgathe and Thomas Schnell and Erich Kasten},
  title = {Body Integrity Identity Disorder and Gender Dysphoria: A Pilot Study to Investigate Similarities and Differences},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Psychology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {138-143},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajap.20140306.14},
  abstract = {Objective: Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) describes a phenomenon in which physically healthy people feel the constant desire for an impairment of their body. M. First [4] suggested to classify BIID as an identity disorder. The other main disorder in this respect is Gender Dysphoria. In this paper these phenomena are compared. Method: A questionnaire survey with transsexuals (number of subjects, N=19) and BIID sufferers (N=24) measuring similarities and differences. Age and educational level of the subjects are predominantly matched. Results: No differences were found between BIID and Gender Dysphoria with respect to body image and body perception (U-test: p-value=.757), age of onset (p=.841), the imitation of the desired identity (p=.699 and p=.938), the etiology (p=.299) and intensity of desire (p=.989 and p=.224) as well as in relation to a high level of suffering and impaired quality of life (p=.066). Conclusion: There are many similarities between BIID and Gender Dysphoria, but the sample was too small to make general statements. The results, however, indicate that BIID can actually be classified as an identity disorder.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Body Integrity Identity Disorder and Gender Dysphoria: A Pilot Study to Investigate Similarities and Differences
AU  - Antonia Ostgathe
AU  - Thomas Schnell
AU  - Erich Kasten
Y1  - 2014/11/17
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14
T2  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JF  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JO  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
SP  - 138
EP  - 143
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5672
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14
AB  - Objective: Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) describes a phenomenon in which physically healthy people feel the constant desire for an impairment of their body. M. First [4] suggested to classify BIID as an identity disorder. The other main disorder in this respect is Gender Dysphoria. In this paper these phenomena are compared. Method: A questionnaire survey with transsexuals (number of subjects, N=19) and BIID sufferers (N=24) measuring similarities and differences. Age and educational level of the subjects are predominantly matched. Results: No differences were found between BIID and Gender Dysphoria with respect to body image and body perception (U-test: p-value=.757), age of onset (p=.841), the imitation of the desired identity (p=.699 and p=.938), the etiology (p=.299) and intensity of desire (p=.989 and p=.224) as well as in relation to a high level of suffering and impaired quality of life (p=.066). Conclusion: There are many similarities between BIID and Gender Dysphoria, but the sample was too small to make general statements. The results, however, indicate that BIID can actually be classified as an identity disorder.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Antonia Ostgathe

MSH Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, D-20457 Hamburg, Germany
Thomas Schnell

MSH Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, D-20457 Hamburg, Germany
Erich Kasten

MSH Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, D-20457 Hamburg, Germany

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Antonia Ostgathe, Thomas Schnell, Erich Kasten. (2014). Body Integrity Identity Disorder and Gender Dysphoria: A Pilot Study to Investigate Similarities and Differences. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 3(6), 138-143. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14

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ACS Style

Antonia Ostgathe; Thomas Schnell; Erich Kasten. Body Integrity Identity Disorder and Gender Dysphoria: A Pilot Study to Investigate Similarities and Differences. Am. J. Appl. Psychol. 2014, 3(6), 138-143. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14

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AMA Style

Antonia Ostgathe, Thomas Schnell, Erich Kasten. Body Integrity Identity Disorder and Gender Dysphoria: A Pilot Study to Investigate Similarities and Differences. Am J Appl Psychol. 2014;3(6):138-143. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14,
  author = {Antonia Ostgathe and Thomas Schnell and Erich Kasten},
  title = {Body Integrity Identity Disorder and Gender Dysphoria: A Pilot Study to Investigate Similarities and Differences},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Psychology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {138-143},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajap.20140306.14},
  abstract = {Objective: Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) describes a phenomenon in which physically healthy people feel the constant desire for an impairment of their body. M. First [4] suggested to classify BIID as an identity disorder. The other main disorder in this respect is Gender Dysphoria. In this paper these phenomena are compared. Method: A questionnaire survey with transsexuals (number of subjects, N=19) and BIID sufferers (N=24) measuring similarities and differences. Age and educational level of the subjects are predominantly matched. Results: No differences were found between BIID and Gender Dysphoria with respect to body image and body perception (U-test: p-value=.757), age of onset (p=.841), the imitation of the desired identity (p=.699 and p=.938), the etiology (p=.299) and intensity of desire (p=.989 and p=.224) as well as in relation to a high level of suffering and impaired quality of life (p=.066). Conclusion: There are many similarities between BIID and Gender Dysphoria, but the sample was too small to make general statements. The results, however, indicate that BIID can actually be classified as an identity disorder.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Body Integrity Identity Disorder and Gender Dysphoria: A Pilot Study to Investigate Similarities and Differences
AU  - Antonia Ostgathe
AU  - Thomas Schnell
AU  - Erich Kasten
Y1  - 2014/11/17
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14
T2  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JF  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JO  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
SP  - 138
EP  - 143
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5672
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.14
AB  - Objective: Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) describes a phenomenon in which physically healthy people feel the constant desire for an impairment of their body. M. First [4] suggested to classify BIID as an identity disorder. The other main disorder in this respect is Gender Dysphoria. In this paper these phenomena are compared. Method: A questionnaire survey with transsexuals (number of subjects, N=19) and BIID sufferers (N=24) measuring similarities and differences. Age and educational level of the subjects are predominantly matched. Results: No differences were found between BIID and Gender Dysphoria with respect to body image and body perception (U-test: p-value=.757), age of onset (p=.841), the imitation of the desired identity (p=.699 and p=.938), the etiology (p=.299) and intensity of desire (p=.989 and p=.224) as well as in relation to a high level of suffering and impaired quality of life (p=.066). Conclusion: There are many similarities between BIID and Gender Dysphoria, but the sample was too small to make general statements. The results, however, indicate that BIID can actually be classified as an identity disorder.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download