The Effect of Luminance Condition on Form, Form-from-Motion and Motion Perception

Giovagnoli Sara; Pansell Tony; Bolzani Roberto; Hellgren Kerstin; Benassi Mariagrazia

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14

| Peer-Reviewed

The Effect of Luminance Condition on Form, Form-from-Motion and Motion Perception

Giovagnoli Sara, Pansell Tony, Bolzani Roberto, Hellgren Kerstin, Benassi Mariagrazia

Published in American Journal of Applied Psychology (Volume 6, Issue 6)

Received: 25 March 2017 Accepted: 8 April 2017 Published: 8 November 2017

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This study investigated to what extent rod-dominated vision affects motion and form perception accuracy. Twenty-nine healthy subjects took part in the experiment. Form coherence (FC), form-from-motion (FFM) and motion coherence (MC) tests were assessed in low-light (rod-dominated vision) and high-light (cone-dominated vision) conditions. For each test we determined the accuracy by evaluating the correct detection obtained in five levels of coherence (corresponding to different signal-to-noise ratio). The results evidenced that motion, form and form-from-motion accuracy decreased in low-light condition. Furthermore, light condition effect was differently mediated by noise according to the type of task. The motion perception is affected only at high noise levels, while form discrimination was globally affected at all the levels, also in absence of noise, both for static (FC) and dynamic stimuli (FFM). We conclude that in rod-dominated vision form-from-motion perception is more defected than form and motion perception. We hypothesized that our results are due to the integration between M and P cells in FFM test increases the form perception accuracy in high-light condition but this advantage is completely lost during low-light condition, when the rods need to integrate information both from M and P cells.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Psychology (Volume 6, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14
Page(s)	158-165
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Low-Light Level, Form Perception, Form-from-Motion Perception, Motion Perception, Coherence

References

[1]	Nassi, J. J., & Callaway, E. M. (2009). Parallel processing strategies of the primate visual system. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 10(5), 360-372.
[2]	Milner, A. D., & Goodale, M. A. (2008). Two visual systems re-viewed. Neuropsychologia, 46, 774-785.
[3]	Orban, G. A. (2008). Higher order visual processing in macaque extrastriate cortex. Physiological Reviews, 88(1), 59-89.
[4]	Goodale, M. A., & Milner, A. D. (1992). Separate visual pathways for perception and action. Trends in Neurosciences, 15(1), 20-25.
[5]	Livingstone, M. & Hubel, D. (1988). Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology, and perception. Science, 240(4853), 740-749.
[6]	DeYoe, E. A., Van Essen, D. C. (1988). Concurrent processing streams in monkey visual cortex. Trends in Neurosciences, 11(5), 219-226.
[7]	Maunsell, J. H. R., Nealey, T. A., & DePriest, D. D. (1990). Magnocellular and parvocellular contributions to responses in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of the macaque monkey. Journal of Neuroscience, 10, 3323-3334.
[8]	Blanke, O., Brooks, A., Mercier, M., Spinelli, L., Adriani, M., Lavanchy, L., et al. (2007). Distinct mechanisms of form-from-motion perception in human extrastriate cortex. Neuropsychologia, 45, 644–653.
[9]	Cowey, A., & Vaina, L. M. (2000). Blindness to form from motion despite intact static form perception and motion detection. Neuropsychologia, 38, 566–578.
[10]	Regan, D., Giaschi, D., Sharpe, J. A., & Hong, X. H. (1992). Visual processing of motion-defined form: Selective failure in patients with parietotemporal lesions. The Journal of Neuroscience, 12(6), 2198–2210.
[11]	Matheson, H. E., & McMullen, P. A., (2010). Neuropsychological dissociations between motion and form perception suggest functional organization in extrastriate cortical regions in the human brain. Brain and Cognition 74, 160–168.
[12]	Vaina, L. M., Cowey, A., LeMay, M., Bienfang, D. C., & Kikinis, R. (2002). Visual deficits in a patient with ‘kaleidoscopic disintegration of the visual world’. European Journal of Neurology, 9(5), 463–477.
[13]	McLeod, P., Dittrich, W., Driver, J., Perrett, D., & Zihl, J. (1996). Preserved and impaired detection of structure from motion by a ‘motion-blind’ patient. Visual Cognition, 3(4), 363–391.
[14]	Vaina, L. M. (1994). Functional segregation of color and motion processing in the human visual cortex: Clinical evidence. Cerebral Cortex, 4(5), 555–572.
[15]	Lee, B. B., Smith, V. C., Pokorny, J., & Kremers, J. (1997). Rod Inputs to Macaque Ganglion Cells. Vision Research, 37(20), 2813-2828.
[16]	Lennie, P., & Fairchild, M. D. (1994). Ganglion cell pathways for rod vision. Vision Research, 34, 477-482.
[17]	Purpura, K., Kaplan, E., & Shapley, R. M. (1988). Background light and the contrast gain of primate P and M retinal ganglion cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A., 85, 4534–4537.
[18]	Burton, E., Wattam-Bell, J., Rubin, G. S., Atkinson, J., Braddick, O., Nardini, M. (2016). Cortical processing of global form, motion and biological motion under low light levels. Vision Research, 121, 39-49.
[19]	Grossman, E. D., & Blake, R. (1999). Perception of coherent motion, biological motion and form-from-motion under dim-light conditions. Vision Research, 39(22), 3721-3727.
[20]	Billino, J., Bremmer, F., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2008). Motion processing at low light levels: Differential effects on the perception of specific motion types. Journal of Vision, 8(3): 14, 1-10.
[21]	Takeuchi, T., Yokosawa, K., & De Valois, K. K. (2004). Texture segregation by motion under low luminance levels. Vision Research, 44(2), 157–166.
[22]	Duffy, K. R. & Hubel, D. H. (2007). Receptive field properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex under photopic and scotopic lighting conditions. Vision Research, 47, 2569–2574.
[23]	Takeuchi, T., De Valois, K. K., & Motoyoshi, I. (2001). Light adaptation in motion direction judgments. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 18(4), 755-764.
[24]	Gegenfurtner, K. R., Mayser, H., & Sharpe, L. T. (2000). Motion perception at scotopic light levels. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 17, 1505-1515.
[25]	Takeuchi, T. & De Valois, K. K. (1997). Motion-reversal Reveals Two Motion Mechanisms Functioning in Scotopic Vision. Vision Research, 37(6), 745–755.
[26]	Takeuchi, T. & De Valois, K. K. (2000). Velocity discrimination in scotopic vision. Vision Research, 40(15), 2011–2024.
[27]	Takeuchi, T. & De Valois, K. K. (2009). Visual motion mechanisms under low retinal illuminance revealed by motion reversal. Vision Research, 49(8), 801–809.
[28]	Hammett, S. T., Champion, R. A., Thompson, P. G., & Morland, A. B. (2007). Perceptual distortions of speed at low luminance: Evidence inconsistent with a Bayesian account of speed encoding. Vision Research, 47, 564–568.
[29]	Orban, G. A., de Wolf, J., & Maes, H. (1984). Factors influencing velocity coding in the human visual system. Vision Research, 24(1), 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(84).
[30]	Giovagnoli, S., Benassi, M., Hellgren, K., Forsman, L. & Bolzani, R. (2014). The relation between acuity of the Approximate Number System and dorsal and ventral stream functions. Journal of Vision, 14, 804.
[31]	Menghini, D., Finzi, A., Benassi, M., Bolzani, R., Facoetti, A., Giovagnoli, S., Ruffino, M., & Vicari, S. (2010). Different underlying neurocognitive defects in developmental dyslexia: a comparative study. Neuropsychologia, 48, 863-872.
[32]	Schwartz, S. H. (2009). Visual Perception: A Clinical Orientation, Fourth Edition: A Clinical Orientation, Fourth Edition. New York: McGraw Hill Professional.
[33]	Lee, B. B., Pokorny, J., Smith, V. C., Martin, P. R., & Valberg, A. (1990). Luminance and chromatic modulation sensitivity of macaque ganglion cells and human observers. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 7(12), 2223-2236.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Giovagnoli Sara, Pansell Tony, Bolzani Roberto, Hellgren Kerstin, Benassi Mariagrazia. (2017). The Effect of Luminance Condition on Form, Form-from-Motion and Motion Perception. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 6(6), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Giovagnoli Sara; Pansell Tony; Bolzani Roberto; Hellgren Kerstin; Benassi Mariagrazia. The Effect of Luminance Condition on Form, Form-from-Motion and Motion Perception. Am. J. Appl. Psychol. 2017, 6(6), 158-165. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Giovagnoli Sara, Pansell Tony, Bolzani Roberto, Hellgren Kerstin, Benassi Mariagrazia. The Effect of Luminance Condition on Form, Form-from-Motion and Motion Perception. Am J Appl Psychol. 2017;6(6):158-165. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14,
  author = {Giovagnoli Sara and Pansell Tony and Bolzani Roberto and Hellgren Kerstin and Benassi Mariagrazia},
  title = {The Effect of Luminance Condition on Form, Form-from-Motion and Motion Perception},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Psychology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {6},
  pages = {158-165},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajap.20170606.14},
  abstract = {This study investigated to what extent rod-dominated vision affects motion and form perception accuracy. Twenty-nine healthy subjects took part in the experiment. Form coherence (FC), form-from-motion (FFM) and motion coherence (MC) tests were assessed in low-light (rod-dominated vision) and high-light (cone-dominated vision) conditions. For each test we determined the accuracy by evaluating the correct detection obtained in five levels of coherence (corresponding to different signal-to-noise ratio). The results evidenced that motion, form and form-from-motion accuracy decreased in low-light condition. Furthermore, light condition effect was differently mediated by noise according to the type of task. The motion perception is affected only at high noise levels, while form discrimination was globally affected at all the levels, also in absence of noise, both for static (FC) and dynamic stimuli (FFM). We conclude that in rod-dominated vision form-from-motion perception is more defected than form and motion perception. We hypothesized that our results are due to the integration between M and P cells in FFM test increases the form perception accuracy in high-light condition but this advantage is completely lost during low-light condition, when the rods need to integrate information both from M and P cells.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effect of Luminance Condition on Form, Form-from-Motion and Motion Perception
AU  - Giovagnoli Sara
AU  - Pansell Tony
AU  - Bolzani Roberto
AU  - Hellgren Kerstin
AU  - Benassi Mariagrazia
Y1  - 2017/11/08
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14
T2  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JF  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JO  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
SP  - 158
EP  - 165
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5672
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14
AB  - This study investigated to what extent rod-dominated vision affects motion and form perception accuracy. Twenty-nine healthy subjects took part in the experiment. Form coherence (FC), form-from-motion (FFM) and motion coherence (MC) tests were assessed in low-light (rod-dominated vision) and high-light (cone-dominated vision) conditions. For each test we determined the accuracy by evaluating the correct detection obtained in five levels of coherence (corresponding to different signal-to-noise ratio). The results evidenced that motion, form and form-from-motion accuracy decreased in low-light condition. Furthermore, light condition effect was differently mediated by noise according to the type of task. The motion perception is affected only at high noise levels, while form discrimination was globally affected at all the levels, also in absence of noise, both for static (FC) and dynamic stimuli (FFM). We conclude that in rod-dominated vision form-from-motion perception is more defected than form and motion perception. We hypothesized that our results are due to the integration between M and P cells in FFM test increases the form perception accuracy in high-light condition but this advantage is completely lost during low-light condition, when the rods need to integrate information both from M and P cells.
VL  - 6
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Giovagnoli Sara

Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Pansell Tony

Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Bernadottelaboaratoriet, S: T Eriks ?gonsjukhus, Stockholm, Sweden
Bolzani Roberto

Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Hellgren Kerstin

Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Bernadottelaboaratoriet, S: T Eriks ?gonsjukhus, Stockholm, Sweden
Benassi Mariagrazia

Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Giovagnoli Sara, Pansell Tony, Bolzani Roberto, Hellgren Kerstin, Benassi Mariagrazia. (2017). The Effect of Luminance Condition on Form, Form-from-Motion and Motion Perception. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 6(6), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Giovagnoli Sara; Pansell Tony; Bolzani Roberto; Hellgren Kerstin; Benassi Mariagrazia. The Effect of Luminance Condition on Form, Form-from-Motion and Motion Perception. Am. J. Appl. Psychol. 2017, 6(6), 158-165. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Giovagnoli Sara, Pansell Tony, Bolzani Roberto, Hellgren Kerstin, Benassi Mariagrazia. The Effect of Luminance Condition on Form, Form-from-Motion and Motion Perception. Am J Appl Psychol. 2017;6(6):158-165. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14,
  author = {Giovagnoli Sara and Pansell Tony and Bolzani Roberto and Hellgren Kerstin and Benassi Mariagrazia},
  title = {The Effect of Luminance Condition on Form, Form-from-Motion and Motion Perception},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Psychology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {6},
  pages = {158-165},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajap.20170606.14},
  abstract = {This study investigated to what extent rod-dominated vision affects motion and form perception accuracy. Twenty-nine healthy subjects took part in the experiment. Form coherence (FC), form-from-motion (FFM) and motion coherence (MC) tests were assessed in low-light (rod-dominated vision) and high-light (cone-dominated vision) conditions. For each test we determined the accuracy by evaluating the correct detection obtained in five levels of coherence (corresponding to different signal-to-noise ratio). The results evidenced that motion, form and form-from-motion accuracy decreased in low-light condition. Furthermore, light condition effect was differently mediated by noise according to the type of task. The motion perception is affected only at high noise levels, while form discrimination was globally affected at all the levels, also in absence of noise, both for static (FC) and dynamic stimuli (FFM). We conclude that in rod-dominated vision form-from-motion perception is more defected than form and motion perception. We hypothesized that our results are due to the integration between M and P cells in FFM test increases the form perception accuracy in high-light condition but this advantage is completely lost during low-light condition, when the rods need to integrate information both from M and P cells.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effect of Luminance Condition on Form, Form-from-Motion and Motion Perception
AU  - Giovagnoli Sara
AU  - Pansell Tony
AU  - Bolzani Roberto
AU  - Hellgren Kerstin
AU  - Benassi Mariagrazia
Y1  - 2017/11/08
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14
T2  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JF  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
JO  - American Journal of Applied Psychology
SP  - 158
EP  - 165
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5672
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20170606.14
AB  - This study investigated to what extent rod-dominated vision affects motion and form perception accuracy. Twenty-nine healthy subjects took part in the experiment. Form coherence (FC), form-from-motion (FFM) and motion coherence (MC) tests were assessed in low-light (rod-dominated vision) and high-light (cone-dominated vision) conditions. For each test we determined the accuracy by evaluating the correct detection obtained in five levels of coherence (corresponding to different signal-to-noise ratio). The results evidenced that motion, form and form-from-motion accuracy decreased in low-light condition. Furthermore, light condition effect was differently mediated by noise according to the type of task. The motion perception is affected only at high noise levels, while form discrimination was globally affected at all the levels, also in absence of noise, both for static (FC) and dynamic stimuli (FFM). We conclude that in rod-dominated vision form-from-motion perception is more defected than form and motion perception. We hypothesized that our results are due to the integration between M and P cells in FFM test increases the form perception accuracy in high-light condition but this advantage is completely lost during low-light condition, when the rods need to integrate information both from M and P cells.
VL  - 6
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download