World Journal of Applied Chemistry

| Peer-Reviewed |

The Effects of Supporting Electrolyte and Tonicity on Ionic Strength and Conductivity of Physiological Solutions

Received: 08 October 2016    Accepted: 27 October 2016    Published: 14 December 2016
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

This study was aimed at providing information on the effects brought on by hypotonicity and supporting electrolytes on ionic strength and conductivity of physiological solutions. Isotonic and 50% hypotonic solutions of chloride and chloride+sulphate salts were prepared, taking into account their molecular weight and osmotic concentration. Their specific conductivity and molar conductivity were measured at 25°C using a pH/conductivity meter. There was a decrease in specific and molar conductivity of all the electrolyte studied as a result of 50% hypotonicity except for CaCl 2+CaSO4 solution. Tonicity had more effect on the molar conductivity of week electrolytes. The addition of supporting electrolyte resulted in an increase in the calculated ionic strength and molar conductivity. It also resulted in an increase in the specific conductivity of the resultant supported solutions except CaCl2+CaSO4 and MgCl2+MgSO4 solutions. The relative ionic strengths of the electrolytes could not be determined from their specific conductivity because the contribution of multivalent supporting electrolyte ions to ionic concentration is not evident in the specific conductivity of the resultant solutions.

DOI 10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.15
Published in World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016)
Page(s) 26-29
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Supporting Electrolyte, Tonicity, Ionic Strength, Conductivity, Chlorides, Sulphates

References
[1] B. Langfield, S. Keeling, and M. Santillo, “Clinical tips: avoiding osmotic imbalances,” The British Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, Vol. 2, pp. 307-308, 2010.
[2] H. Sycrova, “Yeast as a model organism to study transport and homeostatis of alkaline metal cations.” Physiological Research, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 59-98, 2004.
[3] I. Levitan, “Modulation of ion channels in neutrons and other cells,” Annual Review of Neuroscience, Vol. 11, pp. 119-136, 1988.
[4] T. K. Attwood, P. N. Campbell, J. H. Parish, A. D. Smith, J. L. Stirling and F. Vella, “Oxford dictionary of biochemistry and molecular biology”, Oxford University Press. Oxford, 2006.
[5] C. Livingstone, “Dictionary of Sport and Exercise, Science and Medicine”, Elsevier limited, 2008.
[6] N. Sperelakis, “Cell Physiology Source Book: Essential of Membrane Biophysics”, Academic press, 2011. P. 288.
[7] K. Denner, R. Heinrich and I. Bemhardt, “Carrier-mediated residual K+ and Na+transport of human RBCs,” Journal of Membrane Biology, Vol. 132, pp. 137-145, 1993.
[8] S. Richter, J. Hamann, D. Kummerow and I. Bernhardt, “The Monovalent Cation "Leak" Transport in Human Erythrocytes: An Electroneutral Exchange Process,” Biophysical Journal, Vol. 73, pp. 733-745, 1997.
[9] J. F. D. Edmund, J. G. Limon-Petersen, N. V. Rees and R. G. Compton. “How Much Supporting Electrolyte Is Required to Make a Cyclic Voltammetry Experiment Quantitatively ‘Diffusional’? A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation,” Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 113, pp. 11157–11171, 2009.
[10] C, Lefrou, P. Fabry and J. Poignet, “Electrochemistry: The Basic, With Examples”, XVI, Vol. 352, Ill. US, 2012. p. 200.
[11] D. L. Rowell, “Soil Science: Methods and Applications”, Routledge, NY, USA., 2014. p. 285
[12] L. Coury, “Conductance Measurements Part 1: Theory,” Current Separations, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 91-96, 1999.
[13] H. Czichos, T. Saito and L. Smith, “Springer Hand Book of Metrology and Testing”, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 2011, p. 498.
[14] P. W. Atkins, “Physical Chemistry,” 3rd ed., W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, 663-671, 1986.
[15] A. J. Bard and L. R. Faulkner, “Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications,” Wiley, New York, 64-67, 1980.
[16] B. N. Okolue, C. I. Ekeocha and B. I. Ikeaka, “Study of the effect of pH and supporting electrolytes on the permeation of ions, through a polymeric membrane,” Chemical. Society of Nigeria, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 40-43, 2014.
[17] IUPAC. “IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology” 2nd ed., IUPAC, 1997.
[18] J. Wang, Analytical Electrochemistry, 3rd edition, Wiley VCH, 2006, p. 118.
[19] R. D. Eckert and G. A. Randall, “Permeability and transport,” In Animal physiology 3rd ed. W. H. Freeman Ed., New York, 1988, pp. 65–99.
Author Information
  • Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Benevolent Orighomisan Atolaiye, Edward-Ekpu Douglas Uwagbale. (2016). The Effects of Supporting Electrolyte and Tonicity on Ionic Strength and Conductivity of Physiological Solutions. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 1(1), 26-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.15

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Benevolent Orighomisan Atolaiye; Edward-Ekpu Douglas Uwagbale. The Effects of Supporting Electrolyte and Tonicity on Ionic Strength and Conductivity of Physiological Solutions. World J. Appl. Chem. 2016, 1(1), 26-29. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.15

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Benevolent Orighomisan Atolaiye, Edward-Ekpu Douglas Uwagbale. The Effects of Supporting Electrolyte and Tonicity on Ionic Strength and Conductivity of Physiological Solutions. World J Appl Chem. 2016;1(1):26-29. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.15

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.15,
      author = {Benevolent Orighomisan Atolaiye and Edward-Ekpu Douglas Uwagbale},
      title = {The Effects of Supporting Electrolyte and Tonicity on Ionic Strength and Conductivity of Physiological Solutions},
      journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
      volume = {1},
      number = {1},
      pages = {26-29},
      doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.15},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20160101.15},
      abstract = {This study was aimed at providing information on the effects brought on by hypotonicity and supporting electrolytes on ionic strength and conductivity of physiological solutions. Isotonic and 50% hypotonic solutions of chloride and chloride+sulphate salts were prepared, taking into account their molecular weight and osmotic concentration. Their specific conductivity and molar conductivity were measured at 25°C using a pH/conductivity meter. There was a decrease in specific and molar conductivity of all the electrolyte studied as a result of 50% hypotonicity except for CaCl 2+CaSO4 solution. Tonicity had more effect on the molar conductivity of week electrolytes. The addition of supporting electrolyte resulted in an increase in the calculated ionic strength and molar conductivity. It also resulted in an increase in the specific conductivity of the resultant supported solutions except CaCl2+CaSO4 and MgCl2+MgSO4 solutions. The relative ionic strengths of the electrolytes could not be determined from their specific conductivity because the contribution of multivalent supporting electrolyte ions to ionic concentration is not evident in the specific conductivity of the resultant solutions.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Effects of Supporting Electrolyte and Tonicity on Ionic Strength and Conductivity of Physiological Solutions
    AU  - Benevolent Orighomisan Atolaiye
    AU  - Edward-Ekpu Douglas Uwagbale
    Y1  - 2016/12/14
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.15
    T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
    SP  - 26
    EP  - 29
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2637-5982
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.15
    AB  - This study was aimed at providing information on the effects brought on by hypotonicity and supporting electrolytes on ionic strength and conductivity of physiological solutions. Isotonic and 50% hypotonic solutions of chloride and chloride+sulphate salts were prepared, taking into account their molecular weight and osmotic concentration. Their specific conductivity and molar conductivity were measured at 25°C using a pH/conductivity meter. There was a decrease in specific and molar conductivity of all the electrolyte studied as a result of 50% hypotonicity except for CaCl 2+CaSO4 solution. Tonicity had more effect on the molar conductivity of week electrolytes. The addition of supporting electrolyte resulted in an increase in the calculated ionic strength and molar conductivity. It also resulted in an increase in the specific conductivity of the resultant supported solutions except CaCl2+CaSO4 and MgCl2+MgSO4 solutions. The relative ionic strengths of the electrolytes could not be determined from their specific conductivity because the contribution of multivalent supporting electrolyte ions to ionic concentration is not evident in the specific conductivity of the resultant solutions.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections