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Determination of Anionic Surfactants in Beam House Tannery Effluents by Simplified Spectrophotometric Method Using Methylene Blue

Received: 19 July 2017    Accepted: 31 July 2017    Published: 17 August 2017
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Abstract

A simplified spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of anionic surfactants (AS), based on the formation of the ionic pair AS – MB (Anionic Surfactants – Methylene Blue). In this method, the quantity of chloroform used was greatly reduced as well as the time and quantity of sample necessary to perform the assay. The filtration stage was also eliminated. The method used is simplified because it displaces the transfer equilibrium of the ionic pair AS – MB towards the organic phase and augments the volumetric relationship of chloroform/sample. The concentration of the AS in the beam house tannery effluents was found to be 1.16 mg/L of AS as against the limit of 15 mg/L set by FEPA showing that the concentration of the AS released into the environment at the moment does not necessarily pose a threat to the environment. Except if it is accumulated over time. The molar absorptivity of the azodye coupled with MB was found to be 5.65998 x 104 dm3mol-1cm-1.

Published in World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.12
Page(s) 80-84
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anionic Surfactants, Tannery Effluents, Spectrophotometry, Methylene Blue

References
[1] Samardžić M., Galović O., Petrušić S. and Sak-Bosnar M. “The Analysis of Anionic Surfactants in Effluents Using a DDATPB Potentiometric Sensor”, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., volume 9, pp. 6166 – 6181, 2014.
[2] Ying, G.-G. “Fate, behavior and effects of surfactants and their degradation products in the environment”, Env. Int’l., volume 32(3), pp. 417-431, 2006.
[3] Hamza, R. A., Iorhemen, O. T., Tay, J. H. “Occurrence, impacts and removal of emerging substances of concern from wastewater”, Environ. Tech. & Innov., volume 5, pp. 161-175, 2016.
[4] Jobling, S., Sumpter, J. P. (1993), “Detergent components in sewage effluent are weakly oestrogenic to fish: An in vitro study using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes”, Aqua. Toxicol., volume 27(3), pp. 361-372, 1993.
[5] Purdom, C., Hardiman, P., Bye, V., Eno, N., Tyler, C., Sumpter, J. “Estrogenic effects of effluents from sewage treatment works” Chem. Ecol., volume 8(4), pp. 275-285, 1994.
[6] Sonnenschein, C., Soto, A. M. “An updated review of environmental estrogen and androgen mimics and antagonists”, J. Ster. Biochem. Mol. Biol., volume 65(1–6), pp. 143-150, 1998.
[7] Jurado, E., Fernández-Serrano, M., Núñez-Olea, J., Luzón, G., Lechuga, M. “Simplified spectrophotometric method using methylene blue for determining anionic surfactants: Applications to the study of primary biodegradation in aerobic screening tests”, Chemos., volume 65(2), pp. 278-285, 2006.
[8] Imamul Huq, S. M. “Critical environmental issues relating to tanning industries in Bangladesh”, Proceedings of a workshop held at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, ACIAR; 1998.
[9] Tudunwada, I., Essiet, E., Mohammed, S. “The effects of tannery sludge on heavy metals concentration in cereals on small-holder farms in Kano, Nigeria”, Notul. Botan. Horti Agrobot. Cluj-Napoca, volume 35(2), pp. 55, 2007.
[10] Petrovic, M., Fernández-Alba, A. R., Borrull, F., Marce, R. M., Eduardo González Mazo, Barceló, D. “Occurrence and distribution of nonionic surfactants, their degradation products, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in coastal waters and sediments in Spain”, Enviro. Toxicol. Chem., volume 21(1), pp. 37-46, 2002.
[11] González, S., Petrovic, M., Barceló, D. “Simultaneous extraction and fate of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, coconut diethanol amides, nonylphenol ethoxylates and their degradation products in wastewater treatment plants, receiving coastal waters and sediments in the Catalonian area (NE Spain)” J. Chromat. A, volume 1052(1–2), pp. 111-120, 2004.
[12] Sanderson, H., Dyer, S. D., Price, B. B., Nielsen, A. M., van Compernolle, R., Selby, M., Stanton, K., Evans, A., Ciarlo, M., Sedlak, R. “Occurrence and weight-of-evidence risk assessment of alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxysulfates, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) in river water and sediments”, Sci. Tot. Env., volume 368(2–3), pp 695-712, 2006.
[13] Kreuzinger, N., Fuerhacker, M., Scharf, S., Uhl, M., Gans, O., Grillitsch, B. “MEDAWATER International Conference on Sustainable Water Management, Rational Water Use, Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Methodological approach towards the environmental significance of uncharacterized substances — quaternary ammonium compounds as an example”, Desali., volume 215(1), pp. 209-222, 2007.
[14] Traverso-Soto, J. M., González-Mazo, E., Lara-Martín, P. A. “Analysis of Surfactants in Environmental Samples by Chromatographic Techniques”, Chromat. – The Most Versat. Meth. Chem. Anal. 2012, D. L. Calderon. In TECH Open Access Publisher, 2012.
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[17] Olivera Galović, Mirela Samardžić, Dragan Derežić, Dubravka Madunić-Čačić and Milan Sak-Bosnar, “Potentiometric Titration of Micromolar Levels of Anionic Surfactants in Model Effluents Using a Sensitive Potentiometric Sensor”, Int’l J. Electrochem. Sci, volume 7, pp. 1522 1532, 2012.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Raymond T. Iorhemen, Aondona M. Iorhemba, Christopher Kpega, Lois N. Audu. (2017). Determination of Anionic Surfactants in Beam House Tannery Effluents by Simplified Spectrophotometric Method Using Methylene Blue. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2(3), 80-84. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.12

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    ACS Style

    Raymond T. Iorhemen; Aondona M. Iorhemba; Christopher Kpega; Lois N. Audu. Determination of Anionic Surfactants in Beam House Tannery Effluents by Simplified Spectrophotometric Method Using Methylene Blue. World J. Appl. Chem. 2017, 2(3), 80-84. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.12

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    AMA Style

    Raymond T. Iorhemen, Aondona M. Iorhemba, Christopher Kpega, Lois N. Audu. Determination of Anionic Surfactants in Beam House Tannery Effluents by Simplified Spectrophotometric Method Using Methylene Blue. World J Appl Chem. 2017;2(3):80-84. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.12,
      author = {Raymond T. Iorhemen and Aondona M. Iorhemba and Christopher Kpega and Lois N. Audu},
      title = {Determination of Anionic Surfactants in Beam House Tannery Effluents by Simplified Spectrophotometric Method Using Methylene Blue},
      journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
      volume = {2},
      number = {3},
      pages = {80-84},
      doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20170203.12},
      abstract = {A simplified spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of anionic surfactants (AS), based on the formation of the ionic pair AS – MB (Anionic Surfactants – Methylene Blue). In this method, the quantity of chloroform used was greatly reduced as well as the time and quantity of sample necessary to perform the assay. The filtration stage was also eliminated. The method used is simplified because it displaces the transfer equilibrium of the ionic pair AS – MB towards the organic phase and augments the volumetric relationship of chloroform/sample. The concentration of the AS in the beam house tannery effluents was found to be 1.16 mg/L of AS as against the limit of 15 mg/L set by FEPA showing that the concentration of the AS released into the environment at the moment does not necessarily pose a threat to the environment. Except if it is accumulated over time. The molar absorptivity of the azodye coupled with MB was found to be 5.65998 x 104 dm3mol-1cm-1.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Determination of Anionic Surfactants in Beam House Tannery Effluents by Simplified Spectrophotometric Method Using Methylene Blue
    AU  - Raymond T. Iorhemen
    AU  - Aondona M. Iorhemba
    AU  - Christopher Kpega
    AU  - Lois N. Audu
    Y1  - 2017/08/17
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.12
    T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
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    EP  - 84
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2637-5982
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.12
    AB  - A simplified spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of anionic surfactants (AS), based on the formation of the ionic pair AS – MB (Anionic Surfactants – Methylene Blue). In this method, the quantity of chloroform used was greatly reduced as well as the time and quantity of sample necessary to perform the assay. The filtration stage was also eliminated. The method used is simplified because it displaces the transfer equilibrium of the ionic pair AS – MB towards the organic phase and augments the volumetric relationship of chloroform/sample. The concentration of the AS in the beam house tannery effluents was found to be 1.16 mg/L of AS as against the limit of 15 mg/L set by FEPA showing that the concentration of the AS released into the environment at the moment does not necessarily pose a threat to the environment. Except if it is accumulated over time. The molar absorptivity of the azodye coupled with MB was found to be 5.65998 x 104 dm3mol-1cm-1.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

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