Assessing the Impact of Secondary City Development on Sanitation Services: The Case of Muhanga District 2013-2017

Niragire Ezechiel; Jean Baptiste Safari

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12

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Assessing the Impact of Secondary City Development on Sanitation Services: The Case of Muhanga District 2013-2017

Niragire Ezechiel, Jean Baptiste Safari

Published in International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 5, Issue 3)

Received: 15 July 2020 Accepted: 29 July 2020 Published: 10 August 2020

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Abstract

This research was conducted on the assessment of the impact of Muhanga city development on sanitation services, the primary data regarding sanitation was collected using questionnaire survey, interviews and observation. To evaluate land use land cover situation from the year 2013 up to 2017 remote sensing techniques was used. The results from collected data showed that 65% of generated solid waste is composed by organic waste, while waste collection coverage from household level is low with a percentage of 9%. The analysis of land use land cover situation showed that during the five years, settlement area increased by 8.67%, the amount of waste generation is increasing with population growth, and it varied from 1,555m 3 in 2014 to 3,045m 3 in 2017. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results shows that the amount of solid waste generated is significantly difference between the year 2014 and the year 2017. Regarding liquid waste management there are drainage systems constructed, although the survey made showed that 39.2% of households sampled highlighted that storm water is still a problem in their residential area. The obtained results evidenced that solid waste collection at household level by a private company is a new practice in the city, and the collection coverage is still low compared to city resident, consequently there is still informal dumpsite in open area across the city. The private sector needs to be more committed in sanitation services provision, and the public sector needs to be involved in sanitation infrastructures development by focusing on composting facilities as a big percentage of generated waste is biodegradable. The public sector has a direct influence on the private sector and the community, the community and the private sector need to become familiar with working together for the purpose of improving sanitation with the aim to protect the environment.

Published in	International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12
Page(s)	90-101
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sanitation, Waste, City Development, Infrastructure

References

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[2]	Government of Rwanda and GGGI (2015). National Roadmap for Green Secondary City Development. Kigali.
[3]	NST 1 (2018). National Strategy for transformation, Kigali. Rwanda.
[4]	NISR, (National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda), Establishment Census, 2012.
[5]	Oteng-Ababio M. (2009) Private sector involvement in solid waste management in the greater Accra Metropolitan Area in Ghana. Waste management & Research 28 (4): 322-9 doi: 10.1177/0734242X09350247.
[6]	Bryman, A. (2008). Social Research Methods, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press.
[7]	Macleod, R. D., and Congalton, R. G., 1998. A quantitative comparison of change-detection algorithms for monitoring eelgrass from remotely sensed data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 64 (3), pp. 207-216.
[8]	Muhanga District, (2018) District Development strategy (2018-2024), Rwanda.
[9]	Thenmozhi Murugaian Palanivel and Hameed Sulaiman, 2014. Generation and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
[10]	Mbuligwe, S. E., G. R. Kassenga, M. E. Kaseva, E. J. Chaggu, 2002. Potential and constraints of composting solid waste in developing countries: findings from a pilot study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 36: 45-59.
[11]	Augestien, D., D. L. Wise, N. X. Dat, N. D. Khien, 1996. Composting of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge: potential for fuel gas production in a developing country. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 16: 265-279.
[12]	Scheinberg A., Spies S., Simpson M. H., Mol A. P. J. (2011) Assessing recycling in low- and middle-income countries: Building on modernized mixtures. Habitat International, 35 (2) (2011), pp. 188–198.
[13]	Vidanaarachchi C. K., Yuen S. T. S., & Pilapitiya, S. (2006) Municipal solid waste management in the southern province of Sri Lanka: Problems, issues, and challenges. Waste Management 26: 920-930.
[14]	Okot-Okumu J., 2008. Solid waste Management in Uganda: Issues Challenges and Opportunities. POVIDE program Workshop. The Netherlands.
[15]	Wilson C. D., Velis C. A., Rodic L., (2013) Integrated sustainable waste management in developing countries. Waste Resour. Manage. 166 (WR2).
[16]	Kumar S. N (2006) Report on Setting up compost Plants for Municipal Solid wastes in Uganda. EMCBP- II World Bank & National Environment Management Authority, Kampala Uganda.
[17]	Oberlin A. S., & Sza´nto´ G. L., 2011. Community level composting in a developing country: a case study of KIWODET, Tanzania. Waste Management & Research. 29 (10) 1071–1077.
[18]	Lami, M., Vigneron, S., Brelot, E., Bacot, L., Chapgier, J., Sibeud, E., Barraud, S., Pionchon, P., Clabaut, A., Cambon, A. and Ricard, B. (2006) ‘Pour la gestion des eaux pluviales -Stratégie et solutions techniques’. Charbonnières-les-Bains: Région Rhône-Alpes. Available at: http://www.graie.org/graie/graiedoc/doc_telech/PlaqTA.pdf.
[19]	Chocat, B., Krebs, P., Marsalek, J., Rauch, W., & Schilling, W. (2001). Urban Drainage redefined: from stormwater removal to integrated management. Water Science and Technology Vol. 43 No 5, pp. 61-68.
[20]	United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2002) Solid Waste Management: A Local Challenge with Global Impacts, Washington D. C. Solid Waste and Emergency Response URL: http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/ghg/f02026.pdf Accessed 19th October, 2018.

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APA Style

Niragire Ezechiel, Jean Baptiste Safari. (2020). Assessing the Impact of Secondary City Development on Sanitation Services: The Case of Muhanga District 2013-2017. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 5(3), 90-101. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12

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ACS Style

Niragire Ezechiel; Jean Baptiste Safari. Assessing the Impact of Secondary City Development on Sanitation Services: The Case of Muhanga District 2013-2017. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2020, 5(3), 90-101. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12

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AMA Style

Niragire Ezechiel, Jean Baptiste Safari. Assessing the Impact of Secondary City Development on Sanitation Services: The Case of Muhanga District 2013-2017. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2020;5(3):90-101. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12,
  author = {Niragire Ezechiel and Jean Baptiste Safari},
  title = {Assessing the Impact of Secondary City Development on Sanitation Services: The Case of Muhanga District 2013-2017},
  journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {90-101},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20200503.12},
  abstract = {This research was conducted on the assessment of the impact of Muhanga city development on sanitation services, the primary data regarding sanitation was collected using questionnaire survey, interviews and observation. To evaluate land use land cover situation from the year 2013 up to 2017 remote sensing techniques was used. The results from collected data showed that 65% of generated solid waste is composed by organic waste, while waste collection coverage from household level is low with a percentage of 9%. The analysis of land use land cover situation showed that during the five years, settlement area increased by 8.67%, the amount of waste generation is increasing with population growth, and it varied from 1,555m 3 in 2014 to 3,045m 3 in 2017. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results shows that the amount of solid waste generated is significantly difference between the year 2014 and the year 2017. Regarding liquid waste management there are drainage systems constructed, although the survey made showed that 39.2% of households sampled highlighted that storm water is still a problem in their residential area. The obtained results evidenced that solid waste collection at household level by a private company is a new practice in the city, and the collection coverage is still low compared to city resident, consequently there is still informal dumpsite in open area across the city. The private sector needs to be more committed in sanitation services provision, and the public sector needs to be involved in sanitation infrastructures development by focusing on composting facilities as a big percentage of generated waste is biodegradable. The public sector has a direct influence on the private sector and the community, the community and the private sector need to become familiar with working together for the purpose of improving sanitation with the aim to protect the environment.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessing the Impact of Secondary City Development on Sanitation Services: The Case of Muhanga District 2013-2017
AU  - Niragire Ezechiel
AU  - Jean Baptiste Safari
Y1  - 2020/08/10
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12
T2  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JF  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JO  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
SP  - 90
EP  - 101
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3061
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12
AB  - This research was conducted on the assessment of the impact of Muhanga city development on sanitation services, the primary data regarding sanitation was collected using questionnaire survey, interviews and observation. To evaluate land use land cover situation from the year 2013 up to 2017 remote sensing techniques was used. The results from collected data showed that 65% of generated solid waste is composed by organic waste, while waste collection coverage from household level is low with a percentage of 9%. The analysis of land use land cover situation showed that during the five years, settlement area increased by 8.67%, the amount of waste generation is increasing with population growth, and it varied from 1,555m 3 in 2014 to 3,045m 3 in 2017. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results shows that the amount of solid waste generated is significantly difference between the year 2014 and the year 2017. Regarding liquid waste management there are drainage systems constructed, although the survey made showed that 39.2% of households sampled highlighted that storm water is still a problem in their residential area. The obtained results evidenced that solid waste collection at household level by a private company is a new practice in the city, and the collection coverage is still low compared to city resident, consequently there is still informal dumpsite in open area across the city. The private sector needs to be more committed in sanitation services provision, and the public sector needs to be involved in sanitation infrastructures development by focusing on composting facilities as a big percentage of generated waste is biodegradable. The public sector has a direct influence on the private sector and the community, the community and the private sector need to become familiar with working together for the purpose of improving sanitation with the aim to protect the environment.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Niragire Ezechiel

Department of Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Management, University of Lay Adventists of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
Jean Baptiste Safari

Department of Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Management, University of Lay Adventists of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda

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APA Style

Niragire Ezechiel, Jean Baptiste Safari. (2020). Assessing the Impact of Secondary City Development on Sanitation Services: The Case of Muhanga District 2013-2017. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 5(3), 90-101. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12

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ACS Style

Niragire Ezechiel; Jean Baptiste Safari. Assessing the Impact of Secondary City Development on Sanitation Services: The Case of Muhanga District 2013-2017. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2020, 5(3), 90-101. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12

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AMA Style

Niragire Ezechiel, Jean Baptiste Safari. Assessing the Impact of Secondary City Development on Sanitation Services: The Case of Muhanga District 2013-2017. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2020;5(3):90-101. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12,
  author = {Niragire Ezechiel and Jean Baptiste Safari},
  title = {Assessing the Impact of Secondary City Development on Sanitation Services: The Case of Muhanga District 2013-2017},
  journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {90-101},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20200503.12},
  abstract = {This research was conducted on the assessment of the impact of Muhanga city development on sanitation services, the primary data regarding sanitation was collected using questionnaire survey, interviews and observation. To evaluate land use land cover situation from the year 2013 up to 2017 remote sensing techniques was used. The results from collected data showed that 65% of generated solid waste is composed by organic waste, while waste collection coverage from household level is low with a percentage of 9%. The analysis of land use land cover situation showed that during the five years, settlement area increased by 8.67%, the amount of waste generation is increasing with population growth, and it varied from 1,555m 3 in 2014 to 3,045m 3 in 2017. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results shows that the amount of solid waste generated is significantly difference between the year 2014 and the year 2017. Regarding liquid waste management there are drainage systems constructed, although the survey made showed that 39.2% of households sampled highlighted that storm water is still a problem in their residential area. The obtained results evidenced that solid waste collection at household level by a private company is a new practice in the city, and the collection coverage is still low compared to city resident, consequently there is still informal dumpsite in open area across the city. The private sector needs to be more committed in sanitation services provision, and the public sector needs to be involved in sanitation infrastructures development by focusing on composting facilities as a big percentage of generated waste is biodegradable. The public sector has a direct influence on the private sector and the community, the community and the private sector need to become familiar with working together for the purpose of improving sanitation with the aim to protect the environment.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessing the Impact of Secondary City Development on Sanitation Services: The Case of Muhanga District 2013-2017
AU  - Niragire Ezechiel
AU  - Jean Baptiste Safari
Y1  - 2020/08/10
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12
T2  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JF  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JO  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
SP  - 90
EP  - 101
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3061
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200503.12
AB  - This research was conducted on the assessment of the impact of Muhanga city development on sanitation services, the primary data regarding sanitation was collected using questionnaire survey, interviews and observation. To evaluate land use land cover situation from the year 2013 up to 2017 remote sensing techniques was used. The results from collected data showed that 65% of generated solid waste is composed by organic waste, while waste collection coverage from household level is low with a percentage of 9%. The analysis of land use land cover situation showed that during the five years, settlement area increased by 8.67%, the amount of waste generation is increasing with population growth, and it varied from 1,555m 3 in 2014 to 3,045m 3 in 2017. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results shows that the amount of solid waste generated is significantly difference between the year 2014 and the year 2017. Regarding liquid waste management there are drainage systems constructed, although the survey made showed that 39.2% of households sampled highlighted that storm water is still a problem in their residential area. The obtained results evidenced that solid waste collection at household level by a private company is a new practice in the city, and the collection coverage is still low compared to city resident, consequently there is still informal dumpsite in open area across the city. The private sector needs to be more committed in sanitation services provision, and the public sector needs to be involved in sanitation infrastructures development by focusing on composting facilities as a big percentage of generated waste is biodegradable. The public sector has a direct influence on the private sector and the community, the community and the private sector need to become familiar with working together for the purpose of improving sanitation with the aim to protect the environment.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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