International Journal of Archaeology

| Peer-Reviewed |

Evidence of the Greek Goddess (Tyche?) in the Underground Troglodytic Handmade Architectural Complex of Samen in Malayer, Western Iran

Received: 27 July 2015    Accepted: 07 August 2015    Published: 23 February 2016
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

The underground troglodytic handmade architectural complex of Sāmen is located 90 km away from the southeast part of Hamadan and 15 km away from the southwest part of Malayer. It is located in the western part of Iran. The complex was created under Sāmen residential area and within the context of granitic rocks (cotton granite). Four research programs (identification, documentation, clearing and archeological excavations) were conducted on this complex from 2007 to 2011 under Ali Khaksar's supervision; these attempts led to conspicuous results such as discovering human burials and valuable Cultural data such as a seal with a red agate. In this paper, the authors attempt to study these seals are visible. Studies show this seal is of Hellenistic culture and the motif on the seal is related to the goddess of chance and fortune (the goddess of Tyche).

DOI 10.11648/j.ija.s.2016040201.11
Published in International Journal of Archaeology (Volume 4, Issue 2-1, March 2016)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Rock Art, Handmade Architecture, Historical Archaeology

Page(s) 1-6
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Iran, Malayer, Sāmen, Seal, Tyche? Hellenistic

References
[1] Bollati, A. and Messina, V. 2004, Seleucia al Tigri: le Impronte di sigillo dagli archivi, vol. 2: Divinità, ed. A. Invernizzi. Turin: Edizioni dell’Orso.
[2] Debevoise, N. C. 1934, The Essential Characteristics of Parthian and Sasanian Glyptic Art, Berytus I: 12-18.
[3] Hemati Azandaryani, E. 2013, Analysis of Underground Handmade Architecture in Hamadan. Case study of Underground Handmade Architectural Complex in Sāmen-Malayer, Unpublished M.A Dissertation, the humanities faculty, Tarbiat Modares University.
[4] Hozhabri, A. 2012, Revision of Relative Dating of the Tape Hegmataneh According to Cultural Findings, Namvar-Name: articles to appreciate Masoud Azarnoush with Hamid Fahimi and Karim Alizadeh's effort. Pp. 419-438.
[5] Khaksar, A. 2007, The Report on the First season of Archeological Excavations in Underground Handmade Architectural Complex at Sāmen-Malayer, the archive of Hamadan Administration of Cultural Heritage (unpublished report).
[6] Khaksar, A. 2008, The Report on the Second Season of Archeological Excavations in Underground Handmade Architectural Complex at Sāmen-Malayer, the archive of Hamadan Administration of Cultural Heritage (unpublished report).
[7] Khaksar, A. 2010, The Report on the Third Season of Archeological Excavations in Underground Handmade Architectural Complex at Sāmen-Malayer, The archive of Hamadan Administration of Cultural Heritage (unpublished report).
[8] Khaksar, A. 2011, The Report on the Fourth Seasons of Archeological Excavations in Underground Handmade Architectural Complex at Sāmen-Malayer, The archive of Hamadan Administration of Cultural Heritage (unpublished report).
[9] Matheson, S. B. 1994, “The Goddess Tyche” In An Obsession with Fortune: Tyche in Greek and Roman Art, ed. S. B. Matheson, 19–33. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Art Gallery.
[10] Mitchell, T. C. and Searight, A. 2008, Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in the British Museum, Stamp Seal III, Impressions of Stamp Seals on Cuneiform Tablets, Clay Bullae, and Jar Handles, Published in Collaboration with the Trustees of the British Museum, 2008, Leiden, Boston.
[11] Pollitt, J. J. 1986, Art in the Hellenistic Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[12] Rahbar, M. 2012, An Underground Elimaean Tomb at Saaleh Davood, Namvar-Name: articles to appreciate Masoud Azarnoush with Hamid Fahimi and Karim Alizadeh's effort. Pp. 289-314.
[13] Unvala, J. M. 1934, Memosire de la Mission Archeologigua de Perse, Tome XXV, Misson en Susiane, Archeologie, Metrologie et Numismatique Susiennes, Paris.
[14] Vermeule, C. 1970, Near Eastern, Greek, and Roman Gems: A Recent Gift to the Collections, Boston Museum Bulletin, Vol. 68, No. 353: 197-214.
[15] Wallenfels, R. 1989, Seal Cuneiform Tablets from Hellenistic Uruk, An Iconographic and Prosopographyic Analysis of the Private Business Documents, Ph. D. thesis, Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Columbia University.
[16] Wallenfels, R. 1998, Seleucid Archival Texts in the Harvard Semitic Museum, T. Abusch, M. J. Celler, Th. P. J. Von Der Hout, S. M. Maul and F. A. M. Wiggermann (eds), Text Editions and Catalogue Raisonné of the Seal Impressions. Cuneiform Monographs 12 (Groningen: Styx Publications).
Author Information
  • Department of Archaeology, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamadan, Iran

  • The Cultural Heritage Organization of Hamadan Province, Hamadan, Iran

  • Department of Archaeology, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamadan, Iran

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Esmail Hemati Azandaryani, Ali Khaksar, Yadollah Heydari BabaKamal. (2016). Evidence of the Greek Goddess (Tyche?) in the Underground Troglodytic Handmade Architectural Complex of Samen in Malayer, Western Iran. International Journal of Archaeology, 4(2-1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.s.2016040201.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Esmail Hemati Azandaryani; Ali Khaksar; Yadollah Heydari BabaKamal. Evidence of the Greek Goddess (Tyche?) in the Underground Troglodytic Handmade Architectural Complex of Samen in Malayer, Western Iran. Int. J. Archaeol. 2016, 4(2-1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.s.2016040201.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Esmail Hemati Azandaryani, Ali Khaksar, Yadollah Heydari BabaKamal. Evidence of the Greek Goddess (Tyche?) in the Underground Troglodytic Handmade Architectural Complex of Samen in Malayer, Western Iran. Int J Archaeol. 2016;4(2-1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.s.2016040201.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ija.s.2016040201.11,
      author = {Esmail Hemati Azandaryani and Ali Khaksar and Yadollah Heydari BabaKamal},
      title = {Evidence of the Greek Goddess (Tyche?) in the Underground Troglodytic Handmade Architectural Complex of Samen in Malayer, Western Iran},
      journal = {International Journal of Archaeology},
      volume = {4},
      number = {2-1},
      pages = {1-6},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ija.s.2016040201.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.s.2016040201.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ija.s.2016040201.11},
      abstract = {The underground troglodytic handmade architectural complex of Sāmen is located 90 km away from the southeast part of Hamadan and 15 km away from the southwest part of Malayer. It is located in the western part of Iran. The complex was created under Sāmen residential area and within the context of granitic rocks (cotton granite). Four research programs (identification, documentation, clearing and archeological excavations) were conducted on this complex from 2007 to 2011 under Ali Khaksar's supervision; these attempts led to conspicuous results such as discovering human burials and valuable Cultural data such as a seal with a red agate. In this paper, the authors attempt to study these seals are visible. Studies show this seal is of Hellenistic culture and the motif on the seal is related to the goddess of chance and fortune (the goddess of Tyche).},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Evidence of the Greek Goddess (Tyche?) in the Underground Troglodytic Handmade Architectural Complex of Samen in Malayer, Western Iran
    AU  - Esmail Hemati Azandaryani
    AU  - Ali Khaksar
    AU  - Yadollah Heydari BabaKamal
    Y1  - 2016/02/23
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.s.2016040201.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ija.s.2016040201.11
    T2  - International Journal of Archaeology
    JF  - International Journal of Archaeology
    JO  - International Journal of Archaeology
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 6
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-7595
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.s.2016040201.11
    AB  - The underground troglodytic handmade architectural complex of Sāmen is located 90 km away from the southeast part of Hamadan and 15 km away from the southwest part of Malayer. It is located in the western part of Iran. The complex was created under Sāmen residential area and within the context of granitic rocks (cotton granite). Four research programs (identification, documentation, clearing and archeological excavations) were conducted on this complex from 2007 to 2011 under Ali Khaksar's supervision; these attempts led to conspicuous results such as discovering human burials and valuable Cultural data such as a seal with a red agate. In this paper, the authors attempt to study these seals are visible. Studies show this seal is of Hellenistic culture and the motif on the seal is related to the goddess of chance and fortune (the goddess of Tyche).
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 2-1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections