Plant

| Peer-Reviewed |

Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Zygotic Embryo in Carica papaya L., cv. Red-Lady

Received: 23 August 2016    Accepted: 08 September 2016    Published: 18 October 2016
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis creates a number of opportunities to facilitate large-scale propagation, synthetic seed production, genetic improvement through somaclonal variation, in vitro mutagenesis, protoplast fusion and genetic transformation. Induction of somatic embryogenesis from the vegetative parts of papaya plant was met with low success rates and a slow process of regeneration. Success depends on the choice of explants, the species being used and on various methods of embryogenesis will study. The most suitable explant for somatic embryogenesis is a large portion of either meristematic tissue or cell that retain an ability to express totipotency. Various investigations were made on somatic embryo induction of Carica spp. such as ovules of immature fruits, zygotic embryos from immature fruits, axillary buds, peduncles of immature fruits etc. In this study, somatic embryo induction from zygotic embryo of an immature fruit was examined. Various concentrations of 2,4-D and two levels of sucrose concentrations with or without addition of glutamine were assessed to determine the best response for induction of somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryo of immature fruits in papaya cv. Red-lady (Carica papaya L.). The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 400 mg/l glutamine + 60 g/l sucrose promoted the formation of highest (70%) percentage of somatic embryo and also the average maximum number (35.80±4.40) of somatic embryo per explant. The highest (44%) percentage of somatic embryo germination into complete plantlets were obtained on MS medium devoid of plant growth regulators. The embryo developed only shoots of 22% and only roots of 10% instead of complete plantlet formation in this medium of MS0. The average highest (4.25 ± 0.32 cm) shoot length per germinated somatic embryo derived complete plantlets were also achieved on MS0 medium. The maximum (90%) percentage of root induction and average highest (7.50 ± 0.75) number of root per somatic embryo derived shoot and also the average maximum (5.20 ± 0.40 cm) root length were obtained on MS medium without plant growth regulators. The survival rate of somatic embryo derived plantlets in the field was about 10% to 50% depending on management practices.

DOI 10.11648/j.plant.20160406.11
Published in Plant (Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016)
Page(s) 45-50
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Somatic Embryogenesis, Regeneration, Papaya

References
[1] Rohani, M. Y., 1994. Papaya: Fruit development, post harvest physiology, handling and marketing in ASEAN. Kualalumpur: ASEAN food handling Buareau.
[2] Canini, A., Alesiani, D., D’arcangelo, G. and Tagliatesta, P., 2007. Gaschromatography-mass spectrometry of phenolic compounds from Carica papaya L. Leaf. J. Food composit Anal. 20(7): 584-590.
[3] Teixeira da Silva, J.A., Rashid, Z., Nhut, D.T., Siva kumar, D., Gera, A., Souza, Jr.M.T. and Tennant, P.F., 2007. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) biology and biotechnology. Tree ForSciBiotechnol. 1(1): 47-73.
[4] Jimenez, V.M., Mora-Newcomer, E. and Guterrez-soto, M.V., 2014. Biology of the papaya plant. In: Ming R, Moore PH (eds), Genetics and genomics of papaya, Plant genetics and genomics: Crop and Models 10, Springer, New York.
[5] FAO (Food and Agriculture organization of the united nations)/ FAOSTAT, 2010. http://faostat.Fao.Org/site/339/default.aspx.
[6] Chen, M. H. and Chen, C. C., 1992. Plant regeneration from Carica protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep.11: 404-407.
[7] Pang, S. Z. and Sanford, J. C., 1988. Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer in papaya. J. Am. Soc.Hort. Sci. 113: 287-291.
[8] Fitch, M. M., Manshardt, R. M., Gonzalves, D., Slightom, S. L. and Sanford, J. C., 1990. Stable transformation of papaya via micro projectile bombardment. Plant Cell Rep. 9: 189-194.
[9] Murashige, T. and Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. PhysiologiaPlantarum. 15: 473-497.
[10] Anandan, R., Sudhakar, D., Bala Subramanian, P. and Gutieirrez-Mora, A., 2012. In vitro somatic embryogenesis from suspension cultures of Carica papaya L. ScientiaHorticulturae. 136: 43-49.
[11] Koehler, A.D., Carvalho, C.R., Abreu, I.S. and Clarindo, W.R., 2013. Somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of hermaphrodite Carica papaya: A new approach for clonal propagation. African journal of Biotechnology. 12: 2386-2391.
[12] Heringer, A.S., Vale, E.M., Barroso, T., Santa-Catarina, C. and Silveira, V., 2013. Polyethylene glycol effects on somatic embryogenesis of papaya hybrid UENF/CALIMAN o1 Seeds. TheorExp Plant physiol. 25(2): 116-124.
[13] Agus, S., 2001. Somatic embryogenesis and protoplast isolation and culture in papaya. M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Crop Science, University Putra Malaysia.
[14] Malabadi, R. B., Kumar, S. V., Mulgund, G. S. and Nataraja, K., 2011. Induction of somatic embryogenesis in papaya (Carica papaya). Research in Biotechnology. 2: 40-55.
[15] Merkle, S. A., Parrott, W. A. and Williams, E. G., 1990. Application of somatic embryogenesis and embryo cloning. In: Plant Tissue Culture: Applications and Limitations, ed., S. S. Bojwani, Elsevier, The Netherlands, pp. 67-101.
[16] Teixeira da Silva J. A., 2016. In vitro response of papaya (Carica papaya) to plant growth regulatots. Nusantara Bioscience. 8(1): 77-82.
[17] Anandan, R., Phan Dinh Phap, Soorianathasundaram, K., Kumar, N., Thirugnanakumar, S., Sudhakar, D. and Balasubramanian, P., 2010. Somatic embryogenesis in Carica papaya through zygotic embryo derived callus culture. Acta Horticulture. 851: 201-208.
[18] Anandan, R., Thirugnanakumar, S., Sudhakar, D. and Balasubramanian, P., 2011. In vitro organogenesis and plantlet regeneration of (Carica papaya L.). Journal of Agricultural Technology. 7(5): 1339-1348.
[19] Ammirato, P. V., 1983. Embryogenesis. In: Hand book of plant cell culture, vol. 1, Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.
[20] Litz, R. E. and Conover, R. A., 1982). In vitro somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from Carica papaya in ovular callus. Plant Sci. Lett. 26: 1913-1918.
[21] Yie, S. T. and Liaw, S. I., 1977. Plant regeneration from shoot tips and callus of papaya. In vitro. 13: 564-568.
[22] Jordan, M. and Velozo, J., 1996. Improvement of somatic embryogenesis in highland papaya cell suspensions. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 44: 189-194.
[23] Litz, R. E. and Conover, R. A., 1980. Somatic embryogenesis in cell cultures of Caricastipulata. Hort. Sci. 15: 733-735.
[24] Moore, G. A. and Litz, E., 1984. Biochemical markers for Carica papaya, C. cauliflora, and plants from somatic embryos of their hybrid. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109: 213-218.
[25] Chen, M. H., Chen, C. C., Wang, D. N. and Chen, F. C., 1991. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature embryos of Carica papaya x Caricacauliflora cultured in vitro. Can. J. Bot. 69: 1913-1918.
[26] Reuveni, O., Shlesinger, D. R. and Lavi, V., 1990. In vitro clonal propagation of dioecious Carica papaya. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 20: 41-46.
[27] Litz, R. E. and Conover, R. A., 1983. High-frequency somatic embryogenesis from Carica suspension cultures. Ann. Bot. 51: 683-686.
[28] Pliegro-Alfaro, F., Monsalad, M. J. R., Litz, E., Gray, D. J. and Moon, P. A., 1996. Effect of abscisic acid, osmolarity and partial desiccation and the development of recalcitrant mango somatic embryos. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 44: 63-70.
Author Information
  • Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

  • Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Md. Humayun Kabir, Md. Ziaur Rahman, Ahmad Nazri Karim Mamun. (2016). Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Zygotic Embryo in Carica papaya L., cv. Red-Lady. Plant, 4(6), 45-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20160406.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Md. Humayun Kabir; Md. Ziaur Rahman; Ahmad Nazri Karim Mamun. Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Zygotic Embryo in Carica papaya L., cv. Red-Lady. Plant. 2016, 4(6), 45-50. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20160406.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Md. Humayun Kabir, Md. Ziaur Rahman, Ahmad Nazri Karim Mamun. Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Zygotic Embryo in Carica papaya L., cv. Red-Lady. Plant. 2016;4(6):45-50. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20160406.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.plant.20160406.11,
      author = {Md. Humayun Kabir and Md. Ziaur Rahman and Ahmad Nazri Karim Mamun},
      title = {Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Zygotic Embryo in Carica papaya L., cv. Red-Lady},
      journal = {Plant},
      volume = {4},
      number = {6},
      pages = {45-50},
      doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20160406.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20160406.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20160406.11},
      abstract = {Somatic embryogenesis creates a number of opportunities to facilitate large-scale propagation, synthetic seed production, genetic improvement through somaclonal variation, in vitro mutagenesis, protoplast fusion and genetic transformation. Induction of somatic embryogenesis from the vegetative parts of papaya plant was met with low success rates and a slow process of regeneration. Success depends on the choice of explants, the species being used and on various methods of embryogenesis will study. The most suitable explant for somatic embryogenesis is a large portion of either meristematic tissue or cell that retain an ability to express totipotency. Various investigations were made on somatic embryo induction of Carica spp. such as ovules of immature fruits, zygotic embryos from immature fruits, axillary buds, peduncles of immature fruits etc. In this study, somatic embryo induction from zygotic embryo of an immature fruit was examined. Various concentrations of 2,4-D and two levels of sucrose concentrations with or without addition of glutamine were assessed to determine the best response for induction of somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryo of immature fruits in papaya cv. Red-lady (Carica papaya L.). The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 400 mg/l glutamine + 60 g/l sucrose promoted the formation of highest (70%) percentage of somatic embryo and also the average maximum number (35.80±4.40) of somatic embryo per explant. The highest (44%) percentage of somatic embryo germination into complete plantlets were obtained on MS medium devoid of plant growth regulators. The embryo developed only shoots of 22% and only roots of 10% instead of complete plantlet formation in this medium of MS0. The average highest (4.25 ± 0.32 cm) shoot length per germinated somatic embryo derived complete plantlets were also achieved on MS0 medium. The maximum (90%) percentage of root induction and average highest (7.50 ± 0.75) number of root per somatic embryo derived shoot and also the average maximum (5.20 ± 0.40 cm) root length were obtained on MS medium without plant growth regulators. The survival rate of somatic embryo derived plantlets in the field was about 10% to 50% depending on management practices.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Zygotic Embryo in Carica papaya L., cv. Red-Lady
    AU  - Md. Humayun Kabir
    AU  - Md. Ziaur Rahman
    AU  - Ahmad Nazri Karim Mamun
    Y1  - 2016/10/18
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20160406.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.plant.20160406.11
    T2  - Plant
    JF  - Plant
    JO  - Plant
    SP  - 45
    EP  - 50
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2331-0677
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20160406.11
    AB  - Somatic embryogenesis creates a number of opportunities to facilitate large-scale propagation, synthetic seed production, genetic improvement through somaclonal variation, in vitro mutagenesis, protoplast fusion and genetic transformation. Induction of somatic embryogenesis from the vegetative parts of papaya plant was met with low success rates and a slow process of regeneration. Success depends on the choice of explants, the species being used and on various methods of embryogenesis will study. The most suitable explant for somatic embryogenesis is a large portion of either meristematic tissue or cell that retain an ability to express totipotency. Various investigations were made on somatic embryo induction of Carica spp. such as ovules of immature fruits, zygotic embryos from immature fruits, axillary buds, peduncles of immature fruits etc. In this study, somatic embryo induction from zygotic embryo of an immature fruit was examined. Various concentrations of 2,4-D and two levels of sucrose concentrations with or without addition of glutamine were assessed to determine the best response for induction of somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryo of immature fruits in papaya cv. Red-lady (Carica papaya L.). The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 400 mg/l glutamine + 60 g/l sucrose promoted the formation of highest (70%) percentage of somatic embryo and also the average maximum number (35.80±4.40) of somatic embryo per explant. The highest (44%) percentage of somatic embryo germination into complete plantlets were obtained on MS medium devoid of plant growth regulators. The embryo developed only shoots of 22% and only roots of 10% instead of complete plantlet formation in this medium of MS0. The average highest (4.25 ± 0.32 cm) shoot length per germinated somatic embryo derived complete plantlets were also achieved on MS0 medium. The maximum (90%) percentage of root induction and average highest (7.50 ± 0.75) number of root per somatic embryo derived shoot and also the average maximum (5.20 ± 0.40 cm) root length were obtained on MS medium without plant growth regulators. The survival rate of somatic embryo derived plantlets in the field was about 10% to 50% depending on management practices.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections