Quality Attributes of the Thyme (<i>Thymus numidicus</i> Poiret.) Essential Oil

Hicham Boughendjioua; Samah Djeddi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13

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Quality Attributes of the Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) Essential Oil

Hicham Boughendjioua, Samah Djeddi

Published in Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 4 December 2017 Accepted: 13 December 2017 Published: 18 January 2018

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Abstract

One of the main factors limiting the increase, trade and market penetration by essential oils has been the lack of quality standards. Thyme is among the most important essential oil of Algeria that are used by the perfume, food and pharmaceutical industry. This study was undertaken to determine the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the essential oil of Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) growing spontaneously in Algeria. The evaluation of the yield of essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation is: 1,1%. The qualitative and quantitative analysis by (GC / MS) of the essential oil allowed to identify 65 compounds which represent: 95.70%, the main ones being: carvacrol (27.388%), thymol (22.476%), p- cymene (9.411%), delta.3-Carene (8.424%), β-Pinène (5.971%), α-terpinolène (5.808%), Limonène (1.917%), α-pinène (1.743%), β-Cubebène (1.651%), α-Copaene (1.385%), α-terpinène (1.353%), α-thujen (1.166%), totaling approximately: 88,693%. The density is: 0.900 ± 0.005. The measurement of the calculated refractive index and reduced to 20°C is of low refraction to light: 1.4830 ± 0.003. The boiling and evaporation index are: (233-255°C).

Published in	Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13
Page(s)	12-15
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Thyme, Thymus numidicus Poiret., Essential Oil, Chemical Composition, Density, Refractive Index, Boiling and Evaporation Index

References

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[2]	A. Dobignard and C. Chatelain. Index synonymique et bibliographique de la flore d'Afrique du Nord. (2010-2013) vol. 1-5.
[3]	P. Quezel and S. Santa. Nouvelles Flores d’Algérie et des Régions Désertiques Méridionales. Vol 2. CNRS, Paris. Éditions du centre national de la recherche scientifique. (1962) 793.
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[5]	J. F. Clevenger. Apparatus for the determination of volatile oil. J Am Pharm Assoc. 17 (1928) 346-351.
[6]	AFNOR. NF ISO 279, (T 75-111). (1999). Essential oils - Determination of relative density at 20 degrees C - Reference method.
[7]	AFNOR. NF ISO 279, (T 75-112). (2000). Recueil des normes. Les huiles essentielles. Tome 1. Echantillonnage et méthodes d’analyse.
[8]	J. R. Soares, T. C. P. Dinis, A. P. Cunha and L. M. Almeida. Antioxidant activity of some extracts of Thymus zygis. Free Radical Research. 26 (1997) 469-478.
[9]	Y. Hadef. Composition chimique et activité antifangique des huiles essentielles de Thymus vulgaris L et Thymus numidicus (Poiret) de l’Algérie. (2004) 5-12.
[10]	Y. Messara, F. Fernane and R. Meddour. Chemical composition, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of the essential oil of Thymus numidicus Poiret from Algeria. Phytothérapie. (2017) 1-6.
[11]	M. Kouch, S. Bennadja, A. Djahoudi and S. Aouadi. Antipseudomonal Activity of the Essential Oil of Thymus numidicus Poiret. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 29 (2014) 149-153.
[12]	A. Kabouche, Z. Kabouche and C. Bruneau. Analysis of the essential oil of Thymus numidicus Poiret from Algeria. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 20 (2004) 235-236.
[13]	A. Zeghib, S. Laggoune, A. Kabouche, Z. Semra, F. Smati, R. Touzani and Z. Kabouche. Composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Thymus numidicus Poiret from Constantine (Algeria). Der Pharmacia Lettre. 5 (3) (2013) 206-210.
[14]	F. Benayache, P. Chalard, G. Figueredo, F. Benayache and S. Benayache. Chemical composition of the essential of Thymus numidicus Poiret. Der Pharmacia Lettre. 6 (1) (2014) 182-185.
[15]	F. Saidj, S. A. Rezzoug, F. Bentahar, C. Boutekedjiret. Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of Thymus numidicus (Poiret) Essential Oil from Algeria. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 11 (4) (2008) 397-405.
[16]	M. C. Pibiri. Assainissement microbiologique de l'air et des systèmes de ventilation au moyen d'huiles essentielles, Thèse de Doctorat de l’institut des infrastructures, des ressources et de l'environnement. Ecole polytechnique fédérale de lausanne. (2006).

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APA Style

Hicham Boughendjioua, Samah Djeddi. (2018). Quality Attributes of the Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) Essential Oil. Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(1), 12-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13

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ACS Style

Hicham Boughendjioua; Samah Djeddi. Quality Attributes of the Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) Essential Oil. J. Plant Sci. 2018, 6(1), 12-15. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13

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AMA Style

Hicham Boughendjioua, Samah Djeddi. Quality Attributes of the Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) Essential Oil. J Plant Sci. 2018;6(1):12-15. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13

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@article{10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13,
  author = {Hicham Boughendjioua and Samah Djeddi},
  title = {Quality Attributes of the Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) Essential Oil},
  journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {12-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20180601.13},
  abstract = {One of the main factors limiting the increase, trade and market penetration by essential oils has been the lack of quality standards. Thyme is among the most important essential oil of Algeria that are used by the perfume, food and pharmaceutical industry. This study was undertaken to determine the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the essential oil of Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) growing spontaneously in Algeria. The evaluation of the yield of essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation is: 1,1%. The qualitative and quantitative analysis by (GC / MS) of the essential oil allowed to identify 65 compounds which represent: 95.70%, the main ones being: carvacrol (27.388%), thymol (22.476%), p- cymene (9.411%), delta.3-Carene (8.424%), β-Pinène (5.971%), α-terpinolène (5.808%), Limonène (1.917%), α-pinène (1.743%), β-Cubebène (1.651%), α-Copaene (1.385%), α-terpinène (1.353%), α-thujen (1.166%), totaling approximately: 88,693%. The density is: 0.900 ± 0.005. The measurement of the calculated refractive index and reduced to 20°C is of low refraction to light: 1.4830 ± 0.003. The boiling and evaporation index are: (233-255°C).},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Quality Attributes of the Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) Essential Oil
AU  - Hicham Boughendjioua
AU  - Samah Djeddi
Y1  - 2018/01/18
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13
T2  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JF  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JO  - Journal of Plant Sciences
SP  - 12
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0731
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13
AB  - One of the main factors limiting the increase, trade and market penetration by essential oils has been the lack of quality standards. Thyme is among the most important essential oil of Algeria that are used by the perfume, food and pharmaceutical industry. This study was undertaken to determine the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the essential oil of Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) growing spontaneously in Algeria. The evaluation of the yield of essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation is: 1,1%. The qualitative and quantitative analysis by (GC / MS) of the essential oil allowed to identify 65 compounds which represent: 95.70%, the main ones being: carvacrol (27.388%), thymol (22.476%), p- cymene (9.411%), delta.3-Carene (8.424%), β-Pinène (5.971%), α-terpinolène (5.808%), Limonène (1.917%), α-pinène (1.743%), β-Cubebène (1.651%), α-Copaene (1.385%), α-terpinène (1.353%), α-thujen (1.166%), totaling approximately: 88,693%. The density is: 0.900 ± 0.005. The measurement of the calculated refractive index and reduced to 20°C is of low refraction to light: 1.4830 ± 0.003. The boiling and evaporation index are: (233-255°C).
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Hicham Boughendjioua

Department of Natural Sciences, High School Professors Technological Education, Skikda, Algeria
Samah Djeddi

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Hicham Boughendjioua, Samah Djeddi. (2018). Quality Attributes of the Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) Essential Oil. Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(1), 12-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13

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ACS Style

Hicham Boughendjioua; Samah Djeddi. Quality Attributes of the Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) Essential Oil. J. Plant Sci. 2018, 6(1), 12-15. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13

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AMA Style

Hicham Boughendjioua, Samah Djeddi. Quality Attributes of the Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) Essential Oil. J Plant Sci. 2018;6(1):12-15. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13

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@article{10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13,
  author = {Hicham Boughendjioua and Samah Djeddi},
  title = {Quality Attributes of the Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) Essential Oil},
  journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {12-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20180601.13},
  abstract = {One of the main factors limiting the increase, trade and market penetration by essential oils has been the lack of quality standards. Thyme is among the most important essential oil of Algeria that are used by the perfume, food and pharmaceutical industry. This study was undertaken to determine the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the essential oil of Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) growing spontaneously in Algeria. The evaluation of the yield of essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation is: 1,1%. The qualitative and quantitative analysis by (GC / MS) of the essential oil allowed to identify 65 compounds which represent: 95.70%, the main ones being: carvacrol (27.388%), thymol (22.476%), p- cymene (9.411%), delta.3-Carene (8.424%), β-Pinène (5.971%), α-terpinolène (5.808%), Limonène (1.917%), α-pinène (1.743%), β-Cubebène (1.651%), α-Copaene (1.385%), α-terpinène (1.353%), α-thujen (1.166%), totaling approximately: 88,693%. The density is: 0.900 ± 0.005. The measurement of the calculated refractive index and reduced to 20°C is of low refraction to light: 1.4830 ± 0.003. The boiling and evaporation index are: (233-255°C).},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Quality Attributes of the Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) Essential Oil
AU  - Hicham Boughendjioua
AU  - Samah Djeddi
Y1  - 2018/01/18
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13
T2  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JF  - Journal of Plant Sciences
JO  - Journal of Plant Sciences
SP  - 12
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0731
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20180601.13
AB  - One of the main factors limiting the increase, trade and market penetration by essential oils has been the lack of quality standards. Thyme is among the most important essential oil of Algeria that are used by the perfume, food and pharmaceutical industry. This study was undertaken to determine the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the essential oil of Thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret.) growing spontaneously in Algeria. The evaluation of the yield of essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation is: 1,1%. The qualitative and quantitative analysis by (GC / MS) of the essential oil allowed to identify 65 compounds which represent: 95.70%, the main ones being: carvacrol (27.388%), thymol (22.476%), p- cymene (9.411%), delta.3-Carene (8.424%), β-Pinène (5.971%), α-terpinolène (5.808%), Limonène (1.917%), α-pinène (1.743%), β-Cubebène (1.651%), α-Copaene (1.385%), α-terpinène (1.353%), α-thujen (1.166%), totaling approximately: 88,693%. The density is: 0.900 ± 0.005. The measurement of the calculated refractive index and reduced to 20°C is of low refraction to light: 1.4830 ± 0.003. The boiling and evaporation index are: (233-255°C).
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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