This is a first report on direct somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis of taro (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta) using axillary meristem explants. Best somatic embryogenesis was observed in cultures that were established on Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS medium) containing 10 µM 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 2 µM thidiazuron (TDZ) and then transferred on medium with 5 µM TDZ. MS medium containing 3 μM gibberellic acid (GA) and 4.5% sucrose proved best for inducing germination in somatic embryos which converted into 20.0 ± 3.46 complete plantlets per embryo cluster per explant on ½ strength MS basal salts with 1% sucrose. Best organogenesis was observed in cultures that were established on MS medium containing 2 µM TDZ and then transferred on medium with 5 µM TDZ. Subsequent transfer of these cultures on MS medium with 5 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 7.5 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) resulted in maximum shoot multiplication. MS medium containing 2 µM IAA proved best for inducing rooting in multiplied shoots. Both direct somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis resulted in mass and rapid production of taro plantlets which were acclimatized and field transferred. Vigorous plant growth and healthy corm production was observed in the field. This in vitro propagation method of taro through direct somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis is significantly reliable over prevailing methods available for other cultivars and provides sustainable means of quality taro production in the Pacific and the Caribbean region where non-availability of elite seedlings is a limiting issue.
| Published in | American Journal of BioScience (Volume 5, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajbio.20170506.13 |
| Page(s) | 114-122 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Axillary Meristem, Taro, In Vitro Propagation, Micronesian Region, Direct Somatic Embryogenesis, Direct Organogenesis
| [1] | Abo El-Nil MM, Zettler, FW (1976) Callus initiation and organ differentiation from shoot tip cultures of Colocasia esculenta. Plant Sci Lett 6:401–408 |
| [2] | Agarwal S, Kanwar K, Sharma DR (2004) Factors affecting secondary somatic embryogenesis and embryo maturation in Morus alba L. Sci Hortic (Amsterdam) 102(3):359–368 |
| [3] | Belokurova VB, Golovach IS, Shcherbak NL, Kuchuk NV (2004) In vitro regeneration of Nicotiana africana plants from explants of different type and mesophyll protoplasts. Tsitol Genet 38(3):9–15 |
| [4] | Bhuiyan MNH, Adachi T (2002) Efficient regeneration from hypocotyl cultures of betalain forming plant, Portulaca sp. cv. ‘Jewel’: stimulatory effect of thidiazuron. Plant Biotechnol 19:57–61 |
| [5] | Chand H, Pearson MN, Lovell PH (1999) Rapid vegetative multiplication in Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott (taro). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 55(3):223–226 |
| [6] | Chen JT, Chang WC (2004) Induction of repetitive embryogenesis from seed-derived protocorms of phalaenopsis amabilis var. formosa shimadzu. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol–Plant 40(3):290-293 |
| [7] | Deo PC, Harding RM, Taylor M, Tyagi AP, Becker DK (2009) Somatic embryogenesis, organogenesis and plant regeneration in taro (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 99:61–71 |
| [8] | Jackson GVH, Ball EA, Arditti J (1977) Tissue culture of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott). J Hortic Sci 52:373–382. doi:10.1080/00221589.1977.11514766 |
| [9] | Khan H, Siddique I, Anis M (2006) Thidiazuron induced somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Capsicum annuum. Biol Plantarum 50(4):789–792 |
| [10] | Kim MS, Schumann CM, Klopfenstein VB (1997) Effects of thidiazuron and benzyladenine on axillary shoot proliferation of three green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) clones. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 48:45–52 |
| [11] | Lakshmanan P, Taji A (2000) Somatic embryogenesis in leguminous plants. Plant Biol 2:136–148 |
| [12] | Lema-Ruminska J, Goncerzewicz K, Gabriel M (2013) Influence of abscisic acid and sucrose on somatic embryogenesis in cactus Copiapoa tenuissima Ritt. forma mostruosa. Sci World J 2013:513985. Retrieved from http://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2013/513985/ |
| [13] | Lin CS, Lin CC, Chang WC (2004) Effect of thidiazuron on vegetative tissue-derived somatic embryogenesis and flowering of bamboo Bambusa edulis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 76:75–78 |
| [14] | Malik KA, Saxena PK (1992) Somatic embryogenesis and shoot regeneration from intact seedling of Phaseolus acutifolius, P. aureus, P. coccineus and P. wrightii. Plant Cell Rep 11:163–168 |
| [15] | Manner HI, Taylor M (2011) Farm and forestry production and marketing profile for Taro (Colocasia esculenta). Specialty crops for pacific islands, Elevitch, CR (ed.). Permanent Agriculture Resources, Holualoa, Hawaii |
| [16] | Martin FW (1984) Handbook of tropical food crops. CRC Press, Boca Ranton, Florida |
| [17] | Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plantarum 15:473–497 |
| [18] | Nakagawa H, Saijyo T, Yamauchi N, Shigyo M, Kako S, Ito A (2001) Effects of sugars and abscisic acid on somatic embryogenesis from melon (Cucumis melo L.) expanded cotyledon. Sci Hortic (Amsterdam) 90(1-2):85–92 |
| [19] | Nyman LP, Arditti J (1985) Germination of taro seeds. Aroideana 8:83–88 |
| [20] | Onwueme I (1999) Taro cultivation in Asia and the Pacific. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand |
| [21] | Panaia M, Senaratma T, Dixon KW, Sivasithamparam K (2004) The role of cytokinins and thidiazuron in the stimulation of somatic embryogenesis in key members of the Restionaceae. Aust J Bot 52:257–265 |
| [22] | Sheibani M, Azghandi AV, Nemati SH (2007) Induction of somatic embryogenesis in saffron using thidiazuron (TDZ). Pak J Biol Sci 10:3564–3570 |
| [23] | Tukey JW (1953) Some selected quick and easy methods of statistical analysis. Trans N Y Acad Sci. 16(2):88–97 |
| [24] | Vahdati K, Bayat S, Ebrahimzadeh H, Jariteh M, Mirmasoumi M (2008) Effect of exogenous ABA on somatic embryo maturation and germination in Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 93(2):163–171 |
| [25] | Verma, VM (2013) Assessment of salt tolerance in taro and sweet potato: in vitro selection, greenhouse and field evaluation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol–Plant 49(Abstract):74–75 |
| [26] | Visser C, Qureshi JA, Gill R, Saxena PK (1992) Morphoregulatory role of thidizuron - substitution of auxin and cytokinin requirement for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Geranium hypocotyl cultures. Plant Physiol 99:1704–1707 |
| [27] | Wang J (1983) Taro: A review of Colocasia esculenta and its potentials. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii |
| [28] | Yam TW, Ichihashi S, Arditti J (1991) Callus growth and plantlet regeneration in taro formation and plantlet development for axillary buds of taro Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta (L.) Schott (Araceae). Ann Bot 67:317–232 |
| [29] | Yam TW, Webb EL, Arditti J (1990) Callus formation and plantlet development form axillary buds of taro. Planta 180:458–460 |
| [30] | Zhang CL, Chen DF, Elliott MC, Slater A (2001) Thidiazuron-induced organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol–Plant 37(2):305–310 |
| [31] | Zhou JY, Gou FX (1990) Cytokinin activity of phenyl urea derivatives (a review). Plant Physiol 4:07–13 |
APA Style
Virendra Mohan Verma. (2017). Direct Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis from Axillary Meristem in Taro (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta). American Journal of BioScience, 5(6), 114-122. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20170506.13
ACS Style
Virendra Mohan Verma. Direct Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis from Axillary Meristem in Taro (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta). Am. J. BioScience 2017, 5(6), 114-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20170506.13
AMA Style
Virendra Mohan Verma. Direct Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis from Axillary Meristem in Taro (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta). Am J BioScience. 2017;5(6):114-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20170506.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20170506.13,
author = {Virendra Mohan Verma},
title = {Direct Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis from Axillary Meristem in Taro (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta)},
journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
volume = {5},
number = {6},
pages = {114-122},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20170506.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20170506.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20170506.13},
abstract = {This is a first report on direct somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis of taro (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta) using axillary meristem explants. Best somatic embryogenesis was observed in cultures that were established on Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS medium) containing 10 µM 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 2 µM thidiazuron (TDZ) and then transferred on medium with 5 µM TDZ. MS medium containing 3 μM gibberellic acid (GA) and 4.5% sucrose proved best for inducing germination in somatic embryos which converted into 20.0 ± 3.46 complete plantlets per embryo cluster per explant on ½ strength MS basal salts with 1% sucrose. Best organogenesis was observed in cultures that were established on MS medium containing 2 µM TDZ and then transferred on medium with 5 µM TDZ. Subsequent transfer of these cultures on MS medium with 5 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 7.5 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) resulted in maximum shoot multiplication. MS medium containing 2 µM IAA proved best for inducing rooting in multiplied shoots. Both direct somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis resulted in mass and rapid production of taro plantlets which were acclimatized and field transferred. Vigorous plant growth and healthy corm production was observed in the field. This in vitro propagation method of taro through direct somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis is significantly reliable over prevailing methods available for other cultivars and provides sustainable means of quality taro production in the Pacific and the Caribbean region where non-availability of elite seedlings is a limiting issue.},
year = {2017}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Direct Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis from Axillary Meristem in Taro (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta) AU - Virendra Mohan Verma Y1 - 2017/12/18 PY - 2017 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20170506.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20170506.13 T2 - American Journal of BioScience JF - American Journal of BioScience JO - American Journal of BioScience SP - 114 EP - 122 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-0167 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20170506.13 AB - This is a first report on direct somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis of taro (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta) using axillary meristem explants. Best somatic embryogenesis was observed in cultures that were established on Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS medium) containing 10 µM 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 2 µM thidiazuron (TDZ) and then transferred on medium with 5 µM TDZ. MS medium containing 3 μM gibberellic acid (GA) and 4.5% sucrose proved best for inducing germination in somatic embryos which converted into 20.0 ± 3.46 complete plantlets per embryo cluster per explant on ½ strength MS basal salts with 1% sucrose. Best organogenesis was observed in cultures that were established on MS medium containing 2 µM TDZ and then transferred on medium with 5 µM TDZ. Subsequent transfer of these cultures on MS medium with 5 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 7.5 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) resulted in maximum shoot multiplication. MS medium containing 2 µM IAA proved best for inducing rooting in multiplied shoots. Both direct somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis resulted in mass and rapid production of taro plantlets which were acclimatized and field transferred. Vigorous plant growth and healthy corm production was observed in the field. This in vitro propagation method of taro through direct somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis is significantly reliable over prevailing methods available for other cultivars and provides sustainable means of quality taro production in the Pacific and the Caribbean region where non-availability of elite seedlings is a limiting issue. VL - 5 IS - 6 ER -
Information
Email: