International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications

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Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy

Received: 25 December 2013    Accepted:     Published: 30 January 2014
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Abstract

High Tc lead–free Ba (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) ceramic was produced by the standard solid state reaction technique. X–ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of the tetragonal perovskite structure of the ferroelectric sample. The conduction and relaxation mechanisms of the piezoelectric ceramic have been studied on the basis of activation energy. The relaxation mechanism is investigated for this sample based on the peaks of the imaginary part of electrical impedance and modulus spectra. The Cole-Cole plots indicate that the grain effect is influenced by the increase of temperature up to 200 °C and disappeared beyond this temperature. The temperature versus electrical resistivity plots show that a phase transition occurs at the Curie temperature, Tc =150 °C. The ceramic exhibits a PTCR jump of almost two orders of magnitude starting at 150 °C and ending at 275 °C with a high temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~25 % per °C. The electrical resistivity measurements also reveal that the sample shows semiconducting behavior beyond 275 °C with the value of negative temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~ 0.6% per °C.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13
Published in International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014)
Page(s) 11-17
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Relaxation Mechanism, Conduction Mechanism, Impedance Spectroscopy, Modulus Spectroscopy

References
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Author Information
  • Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Eastern University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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    Md. Azizar Rahman, Abdul Quader, A. K. M. Akther Hossain. (2014). Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 2(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13

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    Md. Azizar Rahman; Abdul Quader; A. K. M. Akther Hossain. Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2014, 2(1), 11-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13

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    AMA Style

    Md. Azizar Rahman, Abdul Quader, A. K. M. Akther Hossain. Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2014;2(1):11-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13,
      author = {Md. Azizar Rahman and Abdul Quader and A. K. M. Akther Hossain},
      title = {Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy},
      journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
      volume = {2},
      number = {1},
      pages = {11-17},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.20140201.13},
      abstract = {High Tc lead–free Ba (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) ceramic was produced by the standard solid state reaction technique. X–ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of the tetragonal perovskite structure of the ferroelectric sample. The conduction and relaxation mechanisms of the piezoelectric ceramic have been studied on the basis of activation energy. The relaxation mechanism is investigated for this sample based on the peaks of the imaginary part of electrical impedance and modulus spectra. The Cole-Cole plots indicate that the grain effect is influenced by the increase of temperature up to 200 °C and disappeared beyond this temperature. The temperature versus electrical resistivity plots show that a phase transition occurs at the Curie temperature, Tc =150 °C. The ceramic exhibits a PTCR jump of almost two orders of magnitude starting at 150 °C and ending at 275 °C with a high temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~25 % per °C. The electrical resistivity measurements also reveal that the sample shows semiconducting behavior beyond 275 °C with the value of negative temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~ 0.6% per °C.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy
    AU  - Md. Azizar Rahman
    AU  - Abdul Quader
    AU  - A. K. M. Akther Hossain
    Y1  - 2014/01/30
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13
    T2  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
    JF  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
    JO  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
    SP  - 11
    EP  - 17
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-0248
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13
    AB  - High Tc lead–free Ba (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) ceramic was produced by the standard solid state reaction technique. X–ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of the tetragonal perovskite structure of the ferroelectric sample. The conduction and relaxation mechanisms of the piezoelectric ceramic have been studied on the basis of activation energy. The relaxation mechanism is investigated for this sample based on the peaks of the imaginary part of electrical impedance and modulus spectra. The Cole-Cole plots indicate that the grain effect is influenced by the increase of temperature up to 200 °C and disappeared beyond this temperature. The temperature versus electrical resistivity plots show that a phase transition occurs at the Curie temperature, Tc =150 °C. The ceramic exhibits a PTCR jump of almost two orders of magnitude starting at 150 °C and ending at 275 °C with a high temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~25 % per °C. The electrical resistivity measurements also reveal that the sample shows semiconducting behavior beyond 275 °C with the value of negative temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~ 0.6% per °C.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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