Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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A Study on Ninhydrin Reaction with Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanide and Its Application for Toxic Cyanide Determination

Received: 25 November 2013    Accepted:     Published: 20 December 2013
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Abstract

Environmental Protection Agencies impose stringent limits for weak-acid dissociable metal-cyanide complexes (WAD) content in waters. The maximum contaminant level in drinking water is as low as 50 µg/L as CN-. Hence, sensitive methods for WAD cyanide determination are strongly required. Recently, ninhydrin reaction with free cyanide has been proven as a very sensitive at 485 nm (ε = 1.2 105 L/mol.cm), fast (15 min), selective and with non-toxic reagents. In the presence of free cyanide the absorbance measurement was based on the formation of a red hydrindatin resulting from cyanide’s catalytic effect on ninhydrin at pH 10.8. This report presents the results from a study on the reaction between ninhydrin and complexed cyanide at ambient conditions. The WAD complexes: Hg(CN)42-; Ni(CN)42-; Cu(CN)43-; Ag(CN)2-; Zn(CN)42-; Cd(CN)42- are discussed. The reaction kinetic and standard curves are presented. Ligand exchange approach was applied without additional separation. Ninhydrin was showed to be selective and sensitive for direct cyanide quantification.

DOI 10.11648/j.sjac.20140201.11
Published in Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2014)
Page(s) 1-6
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanide, Ninhydrin, Spectrophotometry, Ligand Exchange

References
[1] United States Environmental Protection Agency, http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/basicinformation/cyanide.cfm, last accessed 15 May 2013
[2] BG Ordinance Nr 9 of 16.03.2001 on the quality of water intended for drinking purposes
[3] Official Journal of the EuropeanUnion, Commission Directive 1998/83/EC, 1998.
[4] Official Journal of the European Union. Commission Directive 2003/40/EC, 2003.
[5] G. Drochioiu, „Highly selective and sensitive reaction of cyanide with 2,2-dihydroxy-1,3-indanedione", Anal. Bioanal. Chem., vol. 372, pp. 744–747, 2002.
[6] P. Nagaraja, M. Kumar, H. Yathiraja, Prakash, "Novel Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for the Trace Determination of Cyanide in Industrial Effluent", J. Anal. Sci., vol. 18, 1027–1030, 2002.
[7] A. Surleva, G. Drochioiu, "A Modified Ninhydrin Micro-assay for Determination of Total Cyanogens in Plants", Food Chem., vol. 141, pp. 2788–2794, 2013
[8] D. Themelis, S. Karastogianni, P. Tzanavaras, "Selective Determination of Cyanides by Gas Diffusion-stopped Flow-sequential Injection Analysis and an On-line Standard Addition Approach", Anal. Chim. Acta, vol. 632, pp. 93-100, 2009.
[9] R. Santelli, A. Micelli, "Automated Flow Injection Method for Monitoring Total Cyanide Concentration in Petroleum Refinery Effluents Using Ninhydrin as Color Reagent", Spect. Lett., vol. 39, pp. 605-618, 2006.
[10] A. Jain, A. K. K. V. Pillai, N. Sharma, K. K. Verma, "Headspace Single-drop Microextraction and Cuvetteless Microspectrophotometry for the Selective Determination of Free and Total Cyanide Involving Reaction with Ninhydrin", Talanta, vol. 82, pp. 758-765, 2010.
[11] H. Sulistyarti, S. Kolev, "Online Ligand Exchange in the Determination of Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanide by Gas Diffusion-flow Injection Analysis", Microchem. J., vol. 111, pp. 103-107, 2013.
[12] J. Favero, M. Tubino, "Semi-quantitative "Spot-test" of Cyanide", Anal. Sci., vol. 19, pp. 1139-1143, 2003.
[13] E. Mirales, D. Prat, R. Compano, M. Grenados, "On-line Gas-diffusion Separation and Fluorimetric Detection for the Determination of Acid Dissociable Cyanide", Analyst, vol. 123, pp. 217-220, 1998.
[14] J. Sebroski, R. Ode, "Method Comparison and Evaluation for the Analysis of Weak Acid-dissociable Cyanide", Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, vol. 31, pp. 52-57, 1997.
[15] S. Jermak, B. Pranaitytė, A. Padarauskas, "Ligand Displacement, Headspace Single-drop Microextraction, and Capillary Electrophoresis for the Determination of Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanide", J. Chromatogr. A, vol. 1148, 123. 2007
[16] G. Drochioiu, L. Mangalagiu, E. Avram, K. Popa, A. C. Dirtu, L. Druta, "Cyanide Reaction with Ninhydrin: Elucidation of Reaction and Interference", Anal. Sci., vol. 20, pp. 1443-1447, 2004.
[17] I. M. Mihaescu, "Cyanide Determination with a Modified Ninhydrin Reagent using N-Acetyl Cysteine in the Presence of Heavy Metal Ions", J. Chil. Chem. Soc., vol. 55, pp 467-468, 2010.
[18] I. M. Mihaescu, G. Drochioiu, "Cyanide reaction with ninhydrin: the effect of pH changes and UV-VIS radiation upon the analytical results", Rev. Rom. Chim., vol. 54, pp. 841-845, 2009.
[19] A. Mohammad, M.Z.A.Rafiquee, Inamuddin, A. Amin, "Surfactant Assisted Spectrophotometric Determination Of Glyphosate In Its Formulation", Anal. Chem. Indian J, vol. 10, pp 38-41, 2011.
Author Information
  • Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 “Kl. Ohridski”blvd., Sofia 1756, Bulgaria

  • Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 11 “Carol I” blvd., Ro-7000506 Iasi, Romania

  • Department of Silicate Technology, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 “Kl. Ohridski”blvd., Sofia 1756, Bulgaria

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    Andriana Risk Surleva, Sabina Bancila, Elena Veselinova Todorova. (2013). A Study on Ninhydrin Reaction with Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanide and Its Application for Toxic Cyanide Determination. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20140201.11

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    ACS Style

    Andriana Risk Surleva; Sabina Bancila; Elena Veselinova Todorova. A Study on Ninhydrin Reaction with Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanide and Its Application for Toxic Cyanide Determination. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2013, 2(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20140201.11

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    AMA Style

    Andriana Risk Surleva, Sabina Bancila, Elena Veselinova Todorova. A Study on Ninhydrin Reaction with Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanide and Its Application for Toxic Cyanide Determination. Sci J Anal Chem. 2013;2(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20140201.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjac.20140201.11,
      author = {Andriana Risk Surleva and Sabina Bancila and Elena Veselinova Todorova},
      title = {A Study on Ninhydrin Reaction with Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanide and Its Application for Toxic Cyanide Determination},
      journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
      volume = {2},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-6},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20140201.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20140201.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20140201.11},
      abstract = {Environmental Protection Agencies impose stringent limits for weak-acid dissociable metal-cyanide complexes (WAD) content in waters. The maximum contaminant level in drinking water is as low as 50 µg/L as CN-. Hence, sensitive methods for WAD cyanide determination are strongly required. Recently, ninhydrin reaction with free cyanide has been proven as a very sensitive at 485 nm (ε = 1.2 105 L/mol.cm), fast (15 min), selective and with non-toxic reagents. In the presence of free cyanide the absorbance measurement was based on the formation of a red hydrindatin resulting from cyanide’s catalytic effect on ninhydrin at pH 10.8. This report presents the results from a study on the reaction between ninhydrin and complexed cyanide at ambient conditions. The WAD complexes: Hg(CN)42-; Ni(CN)42-; Cu(CN)43-; Ag(CN)2-; Zn(CN)42-; Cd(CN)42- are discussed. The reaction kinetic and standard curves are presented. Ligand exchange approach was applied without additional separation. Ninhydrin was showed to be selective and sensitive for direct cyanide quantification.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - A Study on Ninhydrin Reaction with Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanide and Its Application for Toxic Cyanide Determination
    AU  - Andriana Risk Surleva
    AU  - Sabina Bancila
    AU  - Elena Veselinova Todorova
    Y1  - 2013/12/20
    PY  - 2013
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20140201.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20140201.11
    T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 6
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-8053
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20140201.11
    AB  - Environmental Protection Agencies impose stringent limits for weak-acid dissociable metal-cyanide complexes (WAD) content in waters. The maximum contaminant level in drinking water is as low as 50 µg/L as CN-. Hence, sensitive methods for WAD cyanide determination are strongly required. Recently, ninhydrin reaction with free cyanide has been proven as a very sensitive at 485 nm (ε = 1.2 105 L/mol.cm), fast (15 min), selective and with non-toxic reagents. In the presence of free cyanide the absorbance measurement was based on the formation of a red hydrindatin resulting from cyanide’s catalytic effect on ninhydrin at pH 10.8. This report presents the results from a study on the reaction between ninhydrin and complexed cyanide at ambient conditions. The WAD complexes: Hg(CN)42-; Ni(CN)42-; Cu(CN)43-; Ag(CN)2-; Zn(CN)42-; Cd(CN)42- are discussed. The reaction kinetic and standard curves are presented. Ligand exchange approach was applied without additional separation. Ninhydrin was showed to be selective and sensitive for direct cyanide quantification.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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