| Peer-Reviewed

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Isotopic Abundance of 13C, 2H, and 18O in Biofield Energy Treated p-tertiary Butylphenol (PTBP)

Received: 14 May 2016    Accepted: 23 May 2016    Published: 15 July 2016
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

p-tert-Butyphenol (PTBP) is a phenolic monomer used in the synthesis of numerous industrially useful chemicals. The current research work aimed to evaluate the effect of the biofield energy treatment on the isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM and PM+2/PM in PTBP using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sample, PTBP was distributed into two parts - one part was designated as control PTBP and another part was considered as biofield energy treated PTBP. The biofield energy treatment was achieved through unique biofield energy transmission process by Mr. Trivedi (also known as The Trivedi Effect®). T1, T2, T3, and T4 were indicated to the different time interval analysis of the biofield treated PTBP. The GC-MS spectra of the both control and biofield treated PTBP showed the presence of molecular ion peak [M+] at m/z 150 (calculated 150.10 for C10H14O) along with eight major fragmented peaks at m/z 135, 107, 95, 91, 77, 65, 41, and 39, which might be due to C10H15+, C7H7O+ or C8H11+, C6H7O+, C7H7+, C6H5+, C5H5+, C3H5+, and C3H3• •+ ions, respectively. The relative intensities of the parent molecule and other fragmented ions of the biofield treated PTBP were altered as compared to the control PTBP. The percentage in the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM was enhanced in the biofield treated PTBP at T2, T3 and T4 by 1.60%, 3.57%, and 120.13%, respectively while it was decreased by 4.14% in the treated sample at T1 with respect to the control PTBP. Consequently, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+2/PM was increased in the biofield treated PTBP at T1, T3, and T4 by 1.28%, 2.56%, and 123.08%, respectively with respect to the control sample. On the other hand, it was reduced in the biofield treated sample at T2 by 1.28% as compared to the control PTBP. Concisely, 13C, 2H, and 17O contributions from (C10H14O)+ to m/z 151 and 18O contribution from (C10H14O)+ to m/z 152 in the biofield treated PTBP were changed with respect to the control sample and was found to have time dependent effect. The biofield energy treated PTBP might display isotope effects such as different physicochemical and thermal properties, rate of the reaction, selectivity and binding energy due to the changed isotopic abundance ratio as compared to the control sample. Biofield treated PTBP could be valuable for the designing new chemicals and pharmaceuticals through using its kinetic isotope effects.

Published in American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajche.20160404.11
Page(s) 78-86
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biofield Energy Treatment, The Trivedi Effect®, PTBP, Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry, Isotopic Abundance Ratio, Isotope Effects, Kinetic Isotope Effect

References
[1] Frosch PJ, Menne T, Lepoittevin J-P (2006) Contact Dermatitis, 4th Edn, Springer.
[2] Pohanish RP (2012) Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 6th Edn, Elsevier Inc.
[3] http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/296c0932-cf7a-4d90-9051-ba7b224a32b3
[4] http://www.naiknavarechemicals.com/products/ptbp_t.html
[5] http://petro-chemicals.com/products/supply_rubber/additives/
[6] Gutsche CD, Dhawan B, No KH, Muthukrishnan R (1981) Calixarenes. 4. The synthesis, characterization, and properties of the calixarenes from p-tert-butylphenol. J Am Chem Soc 103: 3782-3792.
[7] Gutsche CD (2008) Calixarenes: An introduction, 2nd Edn, RSC publishing, Cambridge, UK.
[8] http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/3527600418.mb9854e0011/pdf
[9] Thyssen JP, Linneberg A, Menné T, Johansen JD (2007) The epidemiology of contact allergy in the general population - prevalence and main findings. Contact Dermatitis 57: 287-299.
[10] Rycroft RJ, Wilkinson JD, Holmes R, Hay RJ (1980) Contact sensitization to p-tertiary butylphenol (PTBP) resin in plastic nail adhesive. Clin Exp Dermatol 5: 441-445.
[11] Yang F, Sarangarajan R, Le Poole IC, Medrano EE, Boissy RE (2000). The cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by 4-tertiary butylphenol in humanmelanocytes are independent of tyrosinase activity. J Invest Dermatol 114: 157-164.
[12] Gannes LZ, Martinez del Rio C, Koch P (1998) Natural abundance variations in stable isotopes and their potential uses in animal physiological ecology. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Intergr Physiol 119: 725-737.
[13] Schellekens RC, Stellaard F, Woerdenbag HJ, Frijlink HW, Kosterink JG (2011) Applications of stable isotopes in clinical pharmacology. Br J Clin Pharmacol 72: 879-897.
[14] Muccio Z, Jackson GP (2009) Isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Analyst 134: 213-222.
[15] http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c06/e6-104-01-00.pdf
[16] www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/ih/documents/global_cycle/.../cht_i_03.pdf
[17] Vanhaecke F, Kyser K (2012) Isotopic composition of the elements In Isotopic Analysis: Fundamentals and applications using ICP-MS (1st Edn), Edited by Vanhaecke F, Degryse P. Wiley-VCH GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
[18] Warber SL, Bruyere RL, Weintrub K, Dieppe P (2015) A consideration of the perspectives of healing practitioners on research into energy healing. Glob Adv Health Med 4: 72-78.
[19] Rubik B, Muehsam D, Hammerschlag R, Jain S (2015) Biofield science and healing: History, terminology, and concepts. Glob Adv Health Med 4: 8-14.
[20] Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Mondal SC, Jana S (2015). The potential impact of biofield treatment on human brain tumor cells: A time-lapse video microscopy. J Integr Oncol 4: 141.
[21] Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Effect of biofield treatment on phenotypic and genotypic characteristic of Provindencia rettgeri. Mol Biol 4: 129.
[22] Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) Bacterial identification using 16S rDNA gene sequencing and antibiogram analysis on biofield treated Pseudomonas fluorescens. Clin Med Biochemistry Open Access 1: 101.
[23] Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Shettigar H, Nayak G, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) Assessment of antibiogram of multidrug-resistant isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes after biofield energy treatment. J Pharma Care Health Sys 2: 145.
[24] Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Mondal SC, Jana S (2015) In vitro evaluation of biofield treatment on viral load against human immunodeficiency-1 and cytomegalo viruses. American Journal of Health Research 3: 338-343.
[25] Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Physicochemical and spectroscopic characterization of p-chlorobenzaldehyde: An impact of biofield energy treatment. Insights in Analytical Electrochemistry 1: 5.
[26] Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Singh R, Jana S (2015) Characterization of biofield energy treated 3-chloronitrobenzene: Physical, thermal, and spectroscopic studies. J Waste Resources 5: 183.
[27] Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Spectroscopic characterization of disulfiram and nicotinic acid after biofield treatment. J Anal Bioanal Tech 6: 265.
[28] Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Latiyal O, Jana S (2015) Potential impact of biofield treatment on atomic and physical characteristics of magnesium. Vitam Miner 3: 129.
[29] Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Latiyal O, Jana S (2015) Evaluation of physical and structural properties of biofield energy treated barium calcium tungsten oxide. Advances in Materials 4: 95-100.
[30] Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Latiyal O, Jana S (2015) Evaluation of thermal and physical properties of magnesium nitride powder: Impact of biofield energy treatment. Ind Eng Manage 4: 177.
[31] Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Mondal SC, Jana S (2015) Impact of biofield energy treatment on soil fertility. Earth Sciences 4: 275-279
[32] Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) Agronomic characteristics, growth analysis, and yield response of biofield treated mustard, cowpea, horse gram, and groundnuts. International Journal of Genetics and Genomics 3: 74-80.
[33] Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Saikia G, Jana S (2015) Influence of biofield energy treatment on isotopic abundance ratio in aniline derivatives. Mod Chem Appl 3: 168.
[34] Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Saikia G, Jana S (2015) Investigation of isotopic abundance ratio of biofield treated phenol derivatives using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatograph Separat Techniq S6: 003.
[35] Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Saikia G, Jana S (2015) Thermal, spectroscopic and chromatographic characterization of biofield energy treated benzophenone. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry 3: 109-114.
[36] Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Saikia G, Jana S (2015) Evaluation of isotopic abundance ratio of naphthalene derivatives after biofield energy treatment using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. American Journal of Applied Chemistry 3: 194-200.
[37] Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Mishra RK, Jana S (2015) Biofield treatment: An effective strategy for modulating the physical and thermal properties of o-nitrophenol, m-nitrophenol and p-tertiary butyl phenol. J Bioanal Biomed 7: 156-163.
[38] http://www.nap.edu/read/18872/chapter/7#58
[39] http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Core/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis/Mass_Spectrometry/Mass_Spectrometry%3A_Isotope_Effects
[40] Raymond E. March, John F. J. Todd Practical Aspects of Trapped Ion Mass Spectrometry, Volume IV: Theory and instrumentation (2010) CRC press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton.
[41] https://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Services/Environmental_Management/Stockholm_Convention/POPs/DLWKSP_Part2.pdf
[42] Smith RM (2004) Understanding Mass Spectra: A Basic Approach, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, ISBN 0-471-42949-X.
[43] http://www.sepscience.com/Information/Archive/MS-Solutions/254-/MS-Solutions-5-The-Role-of-Isotope-Peak-Intensities-Obtained-Using-Mass-Spectrometry-in-Determining-an-Elemental-Composition-Part-1
[44] Meija J, Coplen TB, Berglund M, Brand WA, De Bievre P, Groning M, Holden NE, Irrgeher J, Loss RD, Walczyk T, Prohaska T (2016) Isotopic compositions of the elements 2013 (IUPAC technical Report). Pure Appl Chem 88: 293-306.
[45] http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C98544&Mask=200#Mass-Spec
[46] Clayton D (2003) Handbook of Isotopes in the Cosmos: Hydrogen to Gallium, Cambridge University Press, New York.
[47] Qian Y-Z, Vogel P, Wasserburg GJ (1999) Neutrino fluence after r-process freeze-out and abundances of Te isotopes in presolar diamonds. Astrophys J 513: 956-960.
[48] Balantekin AB (2013) Neutrinos and rare isotopes. J Phys: Conf Ser 445: 012022.
[49] Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RR (2009) Effect of superconsciousness external energy on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of carbon allotrope powders. Mater Res Innov 13: 473-480
[50] Asperger S (2003) Chemical Kinetics and Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms Springer science + Business media, New York.
[51] Carr Jr. RW, Walters WD (1966) The hydrogen isotope effect in the thermal decomposition of cyclobutane. J Am Chem Soc 88: 884-887.
[52] Makhatadze GI, Clore GM, Gronenborn AM (1995) Solvent isotope effect and protein stability. Nat Struct Biol 2: 852-855.
[53] Schramm VL (1998). Enzymatic transition states and transition state analog design. Annu Rev Biochem 67: 693-720.
[54] Cleland WW (2003). The use of isotope effects to determine enzyme mechanisms. J Biol Chem 278: 51975-51984.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Parthasarathi Panda, et al. (2016). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Isotopic Abundance of 13C, 2H, and 18O in Biofield Energy Treated p-tertiary Butylphenol (PTBP). American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 4(4), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160404.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Mahendra Kumar Trivedi; Alice Branton; Dahryn Trivedi; Gopal Nayak; Parthasarathi Panda, et al. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Isotopic Abundance of 13C, 2H, and 18O in Biofield Energy Treated p-tertiary Butylphenol (PTBP). Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2016, 4(4), 78-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20160404.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Parthasarathi Panda, et al. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Isotopic Abundance of 13C, 2H, and 18O in Biofield Energy Treated p-tertiary Butylphenol (PTBP). Am J Chem Eng. 2016;4(4):78-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20160404.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajche.20160404.11,
      author = {Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and Alice Branton and Dahryn Trivedi and Gopal Nayak and Parthasarathi Panda and Snehasis Jana},
      title = {Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Isotopic Abundance of 13C, 2H, and 18O in Biofield Energy Treated p-tertiary Butylphenol (PTBP)},
      journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
      volume = {4},
      number = {4},
      pages = {78-86},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20160404.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160404.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20160404.11},
      abstract = {p-tert-Butyphenol (PTBP) is a phenolic monomer used in the synthesis of numerous industrially useful chemicals. The current research work aimed to evaluate the effect of the biofield energy treatment on the isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM and PM+2/PM in PTBP using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sample, PTBP was distributed into two parts - one part was designated as control PTBP and another part was considered as biofield energy treated PTBP. The biofield energy treatment was achieved through unique biofield energy transmission process by Mr. Trivedi (also known as The Trivedi Effect®). T1, T2, T3, and T4 were indicated to the different time interval analysis of the biofield treated PTBP. The GC-MS spectra of the both control and biofield treated PTBP showed the presence of molecular ion peak [M+] at m/z 150 (calculated 150.10 for C10H14O) along with eight major fragmented peaks at m/z 135, 107, 95, 91, 77, 65, 41, and 39, which might be due to C10H15+, C7H7O+ or C8H11+, C6H7O+, C7H7+, C6H5+, C5H5+, C3H5+, and C3H3• •+ ions, respectively. The relative intensities of the parent molecule and other fragmented ions of the biofield treated PTBP were altered as compared to the control PTBP. The percentage in the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM was enhanced in the biofield treated PTBP at T2, T3 and T4 by 1.60%, 3.57%, and 120.13%, respectively while it was decreased by 4.14% in the treated sample at T1 with respect to the control PTBP. Consequently, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+2/PM was increased in the biofield treated PTBP at T1, T3, and T4 by 1.28%, 2.56%, and 123.08%, respectively with respect to the control sample. On the other hand, it was reduced in the biofield treated sample at T2 by 1.28% as compared to the control PTBP. Concisely, 13C, 2H, and 17O contributions from (C10H14O)+ to m/z 151 and 18O contribution from (C10H14O)+ to m/z 152 in the biofield treated PTBP were changed with respect to the control sample and was found to have time dependent effect. The biofield energy treated PTBP might display isotope effects such as different physicochemical and thermal properties, rate of the reaction, selectivity and binding energy due to the changed isotopic abundance ratio as compared to the control sample. Biofield treated PTBP could be valuable for the designing new chemicals and pharmaceuticals through using its kinetic isotope effects.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Isotopic Abundance of 13C, 2H, and 18O in Biofield Energy Treated p-tertiary Butylphenol (PTBP)
    AU  - Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
    AU  - Alice Branton
    AU  - Dahryn Trivedi
    AU  - Gopal Nayak
    AU  - Parthasarathi Panda
    AU  - Snehasis Jana
    Y1  - 2016/07/15
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160404.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20160404.11
    T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    SP  - 78
    EP  - 86
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8613
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160404.11
    AB  - p-tert-Butyphenol (PTBP) is a phenolic monomer used in the synthesis of numerous industrially useful chemicals. The current research work aimed to evaluate the effect of the biofield energy treatment on the isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM and PM+2/PM in PTBP using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sample, PTBP was distributed into two parts - one part was designated as control PTBP and another part was considered as biofield energy treated PTBP. The biofield energy treatment was achieved through unique biofield energy transmission process by Mr. Trivedi (also known as The Trivedi Effect®). T1, T2, T3, and T4 were indicated to the different time interval analysis of the biofield treated PTBP. The GC-MS spectra of the both control and biofield treated PTBP showed the presence of molecular ion peak [M+] at m/z 150 (calculated 150.10 for C10H14O) along with eight major fragmented peaks at m/z 135, 107, 95, 91, 77, 65, 41, and 39, which might be due to C10H15+, C7H7O+ or C8H11+, C6H7O+, C7H7+, C6H5+, C5H5+, C3H5+, and C3H3• •+ ions, respectively. The relative intensities of the parent molecule and other fragmented ions of the biofield treated PTBP were altered as compared to the control PTBP. The percentage in the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM was enhanced in the biofield treated PTBP at T2, T3 and T4 by 1.60%, 3.57%, and 120.13%, respectively while it was decreased by 4.14% in the treated sample at T1 with respect to the control PTBP. Consequently, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+2/PM was increased in the biofield treated PTBP at T1, T3, and T4 by 1.28%, 2.56%, and 123.08%, respectively with respect to the control sample. On the other hand, it was reduced in the biofield treated sample at T2 by 1.28% as compared to the control PTBP. Concisely, 13C, 2H, and 17O contributions from (C10H14O)+ to m/z 151 and 18O contribution from (C10H14O)+ to m/z 152 in the biofield treated PTBP were changed with respect to the control sample and was found to have time dependent effect. The biofield energy treated PTBP might display isotope effects such as different physicochemical and thermal properties, rate of the reaction, selectivity and binding energy due to the changed isotopic abundance ratio as compared to the control sample. Biofield treated PTBP could be valuable for the designing new chemicals and pharmaceuticals through using its kinetic isotope effects.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Trivedi Global Inc., Henderson, Nevada, USA

  • Trivedi Global Inc., Henderson, Nevada, USA

  • Trivedi Global Inc., Henderson, Nevada, USA

  • Trivedi Global Inc., Henderson, Nevada, USA

  • Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

  • Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

  • Sections