American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications

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Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering

Received: 03 August 2013    Accepted:     Published: 30 August 2013
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Abstract

Cloaking refers to hiding a body from detection by surrounding it with a coating consisting of an unusual anisotropic nonhomogeneous material. The permittivity and permeability of such a cloak are determined by the coordinate transformation of compressing a hidden body into a point or a line. In this work, the scattering properties of cloaked spherical bodies (conducting and dielectric) are investigated using a combination of approximate cloaking, where the conducting sphere is transformed into a small sphere rather than to a point, and using two types of nonlinear transformations; concave-up and concave-down. The radially-dependent spherical cloaking shell is approximately discretized into many homogeneous anisotropic layers, provided that the thickness of each layer is much less than the wavelength, and this discretization raises the level of scattering as the number of layers decreases. Each anisotropic layer can be replaced by a pair of equivalent isotropic sub-layers, where the effective medium approximation is used to find the parameters of these two equivalent sub-layers. The effect of nonlinearity in the coordinate transformation on the scattering performance is studied. The back-scattering normalized radar cross section, the scattering pattern are studied and the total scattering cross section against the frequency for different number of layers and transformed radius.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11
Published in American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications (Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2013)
Page(s) 16-29
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Approximate Cloaking, Scattering by Spherical (Conducting, Dielectric) Bodies, Nonlinear Transformation

References
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Author Information
  • Electronics Research Institute – Microwave Engineering Dept.,Egypt

  • Electronics Research Institute – Microwave Engineering Dept.,Egypt

  • Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University, Egypt

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  • APA Style

    Hany M. Zamel, Essam El Diwany, Hadia El Hennawy. (2013). Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering. American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications, 1(2), 16-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11

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    ACS Style

    Hany M. Zamel; Essam El Diwany; Hadia El Hennawy. Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering. Am. J. Electromagn. Appl. 2013, 1(2), 16-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11

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    AMA Style

    Hany M. Zamel, Essam El Diwany, Hadia El Hennawy. Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering. Am J Electromagn Appl. 2013;1(2):16-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11,
      author = {Hany M. Zamel and Essam El Diwany and Hadia El Hennawy},
      title = {Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering},
      journal = {American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications},
      volume = {1},
      number = {2},
      pages = {16-29},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajea.20130102.11},
      abstract = {Cloaking refers to hiding a body from detection by surrounding it with a coating consisting of an unusual anisotropic nonhomogeneous material. The permittivity and permeability of such a cloak are determined by the coordinate transformation of compressing a hidden body into a point or a line. In this work, the scattering properties of cloaked spherical bodies (conducting and dielectric) are investigated using a combination of approximate cloaking, where the conducting sphere is transformed into a small sphere rather than to a point, and using two types of nonlinear transformations; concave-up and concave-down. The radially-dependent spherical cloaking shell is approximately discretized into many homogeneous anisotropic layers, provided that the thickness of each layer is much less than the wavelength, and this discretization raises the level of scattering as the number of layers decreases. Each anisotropic layer can be replaced by a pair of equivalent isotropic sub-layers, where the effective medium approximation is used to find the parameters of these two equivalent sub-layers. The effect of nonlinearity in the coordinate transformation on the scattering performance is studied. The back-scattering normalized radar cross section, the scattering pattern are studied and the total scattering cross section against the frequency for different number of layers and transformed radius.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

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    T1  - Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering
    AU  - Hany M. Zamel
    AU  - Essam El Diwany
    AU  - Hadia El Hennawy
    Y1  - 2013/08/30
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11
    T2  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
    JF  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
    JO  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    AB  - Cloaking refers to hiding a body from detection by surrounding it with a coating consisting of an unusual anisotropic nonhomogeneous material. The permittivity and permeability of such a cloak are determined by the coordinate transformation of compressing a hidden body into a point or a line. In this work, the scattering properties of cloaked spherical bodies (conducting and dielectric) are investigated using a combination of approximate cloaking, where the conducting sphere is transformed into a small sphere rather than to a point, and using two types of nonlinear transformations; concave-up and concave-down. The radially-dependent spherical cloaking shell is approximately discretized into many homogeneous anisotropic layers, provided that the thickness of each layer is much less than the wavelength, and this discretization raises the level of scattering as the number of layers decreases. Each anisotropic layer can be replaced by a pair of equivalent isotropic sub-layers, where the effective medium approximation is used to find the parameters of these two equivalent sub-layers. The effect of nonlinearity in the coordinate transformation on the scattering performance is studied. The back-scattering normalized radar cross section, the scattering pattern are studied and the total scattering cross section against the frequency for different number of layers and transformed radius.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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