American Journal of Nano Research and Applications

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Investigation of Nanoskin Peculiarities Formed During Oxidation of Liquid Gallium Surface

Received: 11 January 2017    Accepted: 12 January 2017    Published: 06 February 2017
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Abstract

In the given work, the formation mechanism and kinetics of nano skin obtained on the super-pure (6N – 7N+) gallium melts surface during oxidation in air at temperature range 20 – 100°C is studied by methods of TG, SEM–EDX and AES. It is shown that, as a result of penetration of oxygen atoms (released by dissociative adsorption) in the layered subsurface with 5 – 6 atomic diameter thickness, transforms to amorphous gallium oxide elastic skin, such as continuous nanoshell of equal thickness ( 15 Å) on the whole surface of the melt. The growth of the mentioned oxide skin thickness formed in the first seconds, obeys more retarded linear kinetics up to 100°C, and after few hours its thickness reaches  50 nm. Further oxidation process in the atmospheric condition at room temperature practically stops.

DOI 10.11648/j.nano.s.2017050301.18
Published in American Journal of Nano Research and Applications (Volume 5, Issue 3-1, May 2017)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnologies

Page(s) 33-36
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Liquid Gallium (L-Ga), Super-Pure Gallium, Oxidation, Nanoskin, SEM–EDX, TG, AES

References
[1] E. Di Masi, H. Tostmann, B. M. Ocko, P. S. Pershan, and M. Deutsch, “X-ray reflectivity study of temperature-dependent surface layering in liquid Hg,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 58, pp. R13419–R13422, 1998.
[2] H. Tostmann, E. Di Masi, P. S. Pershan, B. M. Ocko, O. G. Shpyrko, and M. Deutsch, “Surface structure of liquid metals and the effect of capillary waves: X-ray studies on liquid indium,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 59, pp. 783–791, 1999.
[3] M. J. Regan, P. S. Pershan, O. M. Magnussen, B. M. Ocko, M. Deutsch, and L. E. Berman, “Capillary-wave roughening of surface-induced layering in liquid gallium,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 54, pp. 9730–9733, 1996.
[4] O. M. Magnussen, B. M. Ocko, M. J. Regan, K. Penanen, P. S. Pershan, and M. Deutsch, “X-Ray reflectivity measurements of surface layering in liquid mercury,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 74, pp. 4444–4447, 1995.
[5] M. J. Regan, H. Tostmann, P. S. Pershan, O. M. Magnussen, E. Di Masi, B. M. Ocko, and M. Deutsch, “X-ray study of the oxidation of liquid-gallium surfaces,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 55, pp. 10786–10789, 1997.
[6] E. Kutelia, D. Tsivtsivadze, B. Kutelia, and P. Kervalishvili, “Method of refinement gallium from impurities”, Patent GE #136A1(GE), C22B,9/00,58/00,1996.
[7] E. Kutelia, B. Kutelia, and D. Tsivtsivadze, “Obtaining of nano-structured membrane for the purification of liquid gallium from impurities up to 8N,” In: “Proc. Int. Cong. Nanotechnol.,” San Francisco, 2005.
[8] E. Kutelia, G. Kvinikadze, E. Sanaia, and T. Dzigrashvili, “Efficiency of application of super-pure gallium (≥ 7N+) obtained by membrane technology for production of high quality GaAs single crystals”, In: “Proc. Int. Sci. Conf. Adv. Mater. & Technol.,” Tbilisi, Universal, pp. 52 –54, 2015.
[9] E. Kutelia, G. Kvinikadze, and T. Dzigrashvili, “Investigation of the isotopic abundance ratio in the super-pure (7N+) gallium melt obtained by the method of membrane purification”, Georg. Eng. News, vol. 1, pp. 45–49, 2014.
[10] A. Ayyad and F. Aqra, “Theoretical consideration of the anomalous temperature dependence of the surface tension of pure liquid gallium,” Theo. Chem. Acc., vol. 127, pp. 443–448, 2010.
Author Information
  • Republic Center for Structure Researches, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia

  • Republic Center for Structure Researches, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia

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    Giorgi Kvinikadze, Elguja Kutelia. (2017). Investigation of Nanoskin Peculiarities Formed During Oxidation of Liquid Gallium Surface. American Journal of Nano Research and Applications, 5(3-1), 33-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.s.2017050301.18

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    ACS Style

    Giorgi Kvinikadze; Elguja Kutelia. Investigation of Nanoskin Peculiarities Formed During Oxidation of Liquid Gallium Surface. Am. J. Nano Res. Appl. 2017, 5(3-1), 33-36. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.s.2017050301.18

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    AMA Style

    Giorgi Kvinikadze, Elguja Kutelia. Investigation of Nanoskin Peculiarities Formed During Oxidation of Liquid Gallium Surface. Am J Nano Res Appl. 2017;5(3-1):33-36. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.s.2017050301.18

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  • @article{10.11648/j.nano.s.2017050301.18,
      author = {Giorgi Kvinikadze and Elguja Kutelia},
      title = {Investigation of Nanoskin Peculiarities Formed During Oxidation of Liquid Gallium Surface},
      journal = {American Journal of Nano Research and Applications},
      volume = {5},
      number = {3-1},
      pages = {33-36},
      doi = {10.11648/j.nano.s.2017050301.18},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.s.2017050301.18},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.nano.s.2017050301.18},
      abstract = {In the given work, the formation mechanism and kinetics of nano skin obtained on the super-pure (6N – 7N+) gallium melts surface during oxidation in air at temperature range 20 – 100°C is studied by methods of TG, SEM–EDX and AES. It is shown that, as a result of penetration of oxygen atoms (released by dissociative adsorption) in the layered subsurface with 5 – 6 atomic diameter thickness, transforms to amorphous gallium oxide elastic skin, such as continuous nanoshell of equal thickness ( 15 Å) on the whole surface of the melt. The growth of the mentioned oxide skin thickness formed in the first seconds, obeys more retarded linear kinetics up to 100°C, and after few hours its thickness reaches  50 nm. Further oxidation process in the atmospheric condition at room temperature practically stops.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Investigation of Nanoskin Peculiarities Formed During Oxidation of Liquid Gallium Surface
    AU  - Giorgi Kvinikadze
    AU  - Elguja Kutelia
    Y1  - 2017/02/06
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.nano.s.2017050301.18
    T2  - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
    JF  - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
    JO  - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
    SP  - 33
    EP  - 36
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-3738
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.s.2017050301.18
    AB  - In the given work, the formation mechanism and kinetics of nano skin obtained on the super-pure (6N – 7N+) gallium melts surface during oxidation in air at temperature range 20 – 100°C is studied by methods of TG, SEM–EDX and AES. It is shown that, as a result of penetration of oxygen atoms (released by dissociative adsorption) in the layered subsurface with 5 – 6 atomic diameter thickness, transforms to amorphous gallium oxide elastic skin, such as continuous nanoshell of equal thickness ( 15 Å) on the whole surface of the melt. The growth of the mentioned oxide skin thickness formed in the first seconds, obeys more retarded linear kinetics up to 100°C, and after few hours its thickness reaches  50 nm. Further oxidation process in the atmospheric condition at room temperature practically stops.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 3-1
    ER  - 

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