American Journal of Applied Chemistry

| Peer-Reviewed |

A Study on Total Dissolved Solids and Hardness Level of Drinking Mineral Water in Bangladesh

Received: 21 July 2016    Accepted: 29 July 2016    Published: 17 August 2016
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Natural water is being processed by the Reverse Osmosis purification system in the different area of Bangladesh for drinking purposes. Most of the water processing companies fill the 500 mL, 1000 mL, 2000 mL and 5000 mL bottles with this processed water and sell widely in the different parts of Bangladesh. However, the dissolved minerals in their purified drinking water are not sufficient for human health. Total Dissolve Solids (TDS) is a parameter that counts all dissolved minerals in the water. Calcium, magnesium and potassium are minerals that are introduce as a “Beneficial Minerals” for human health. Calcium is an important mineral for bone development, potassium is needed for muscles and nervous system and magnesium is helpful protect cardiovascular disease. The objective of the study is to examine the Total Dissolved Solids (minerals) and the Total Hardness (TH) in selected bottled water samples. The selected samples have been marketed by the local branded companies in Bangladesh. TDS and TH are measured in total eight of bottled water samples collected from the local confectionery shops in Dhaka city. The obtained results show that the levels of dissolved minerals in the drinking water samples are very low, which is quite alarming. Particularly, calcium and magnesium are found in very low amount in water samples of three companies. It can be assumed that those bottled water do not bring additional benefits to human health. The TDS of sample of one company was alarming low (9.44 mg/L. It may pose negative effects on human health especially malnourished people’s health.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.11
Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2016)
Page(s) 164-169
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Drinking Water, Mineral, Dissolved Solid, TDS, BDS, BSTI, WHO

References
[1] http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/National%20Reports/Union%20Statistics.pdf
[2] http://www.bsti.gov.bd/list.html
[3] https://www.wqa.org/Portals/0/Technical/Technical%20Fact%20Sheets/2015_TDS.PDF
[4] https://www.scribd.com/document/123925413/Model-Terms-of-Reference-Diagnostic-Water-Market-Assessment-for-Dhaka-Water-Supply-and-Sewerage-Authority
[5] http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/nutrientschap12.pdf
[6] http://www.szu.cz/uploads/documents/chzp/voda/pdf/hardnes
[7] http://healthycanadians.gc.ca/publications/healthy-living-vie-saine/water-dissolved-solids-matieres-dissoutes-eau/alt/water-dissolved-solids-matieres-dissoutes-eau-eng.pdf
[8] https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/coliform_bacteria.htm
[9] https://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb135e/kidneyprocess.html
[10] http://gsdl.easternuni.edu.bd/greenstone/collect/7eufacultypub/index/assoc/HASHae8d.dir/doc.pdf
[11] http://www.waterproblemsolvers.com/files/QuickSiteImages TB-ConsumptionLowTDS.pdf, Reviewed by Dr. Lee T Rozelle, Dr. Ronald L.Wathen, M.D.
[12] https://www.wqa.org/Portals/0/Technical/Technical%20Fact%20Sheets/1993_ConsumptionOfLowTDSWater.pdf, (Water Quality Association Science Advisory Committee 1992-1993,USA)
[13] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis
[14] http://www.wellsysusa.com/wellsysusa/pdfs/7%20%20Safewater%20org%20RO%20ultrafine%20nano%20comparision.pdf
[15] https://www.epa.gov/quality/total-dissolved-solids-tds-epa-method-1601-gravimetric-dried-180-degrees-c
[16] https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/201506/documents/130_2dqi_crf.pdf
[17] http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/tds.pdf
[18] http://wqaa.gov.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/Documents/WaterQualityStandards.pdf
[19] https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/healthy-living/guidelines-canadian-drinking-water-quality-guideline-technical-document-total-dissolved-solids-tds.html
[20] http://www.waterbenefitshealth.com/reverse-osmosis-water.ml
[21] http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/hardness.pdf
[22] http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/Projects00/memfilt/kidneys.htm
Author Information
  • Department of Environmental Science, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Department of Environmental Science, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Department of Civil Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Department of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Department of Quality Control, Everest Drinks and Dairy Products Ltd, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Department of Environmental Science, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Mohammad Khairul Islam Sarkar, Tanzina Afrin, Shafkat Shamim Rahman, Rabiul Islam Talukder, et al. (2016). A Study on Total Dissolved Solids and Hardness Level of Drinking Mineral Water in Bangladesh. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(5), 164-169. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Mohammad Rafiqul Islam; Mohammad Khairul Islam Sarkar; Tanzina Afrin; Shafkat Shamim Rahman; Rabiul Islam Talukder, et al. A Study on Total Dissolved Solids and Hardness Level of Drinking Mineral Water in Bangladesh. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2016, 4(5), 164-169. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Mohammad Khairul Islam Sarkar, Tanzina Afrin, Shafkat Shamim Rahman, Rabiul Islam Talukder, et al. A Study on Total Dissolved Solids and Hardness Level of Drinking Mineral Water in Bangladesh. Am J Appl Chem. 2016;4(5):164-169. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.11,
      author = {Mohammad Rafiqul Islam and Mohammad Khairul Islam Sarkar and Tanzina Afrin and Shafkat Shamim Rahman and Rabiul Islam Talukder and Barun Kanti Howlader and Md. Abdul Khaleque},
      title = {A Study on Total Dissolved Solids and Hardness Level of Drinking Mineral Water in Bangladesh},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
      volume = {4},
      number = {5},
      pages = {164-169},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20160405.11},
      abstract = {Natural water is being processed by the Reverse Osmosis purification system in the different area of Bangladesh for drinking purposes. Most of the water processing companies fill the 500 mL, 1000 mL, 2000 mL and 5000 mL bottles with this processed water and sell widely in the different parts of Bangladesh. However, the dissolved minerals in their purified drinking water are not sufficient for human health. Total Dissolve Solids (TDS) is a parameter that counts all dissolved minerals in the water. Calcium, magnesium and potassium are minerals that are introduce as a “Beneficial Minerals” for human health. Calcium is an important mineral for bone development, potassium is needed for muscles and nervous system and magnesium is helpful protect cardiovascular disease. The objective of the study is to examine the Total Dissolved Solids (minerals) and the Total Hardness (TH) in selected bottled water samples. The selected samples have been marketed by the local branded companies in Bangladesh. TDS and TH are measured in total eight of bottled water samples collected from the local confectionery shops in Dhaka city. The obtained results show that the levels of dissolved minerals in the drinking water samples are very low, which is quite alarming. Particularly, calcium and magnesium are found in very low amount in water samples of three companies. It can be assumed that those bottled water do not bring additional benefits to human health. The TDS of sample of one company was alarming low (9.44 mg/L. It may pose negative effects on human health especially malnourished people’s health.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - A Study on Total Dissolved Solids and Hardness Level of Drinking Mineral Water in Bangladesh
    AU  - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
    AU  - Mohammad Khairul Islam Sarkar
    AU  - Tanzina Afrin
    AU  - Shafkat Shamim Rahman
    AU  - Rabiul Islam Talukder
    AU  - Barun Kanti Howlader
    AU  - Md. Abdul Khaleque
    Y1  - 2016/08/17
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.11
    T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    SP  - 164
    EP  - 169
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8745
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160405.11
    AB  - Natural water is being processed by the Reverse Osmosis purification system in the different area of Bangladesh for drinking purposes. Most of the water processing companies fill the 500 mL, 1000 mL, 2000 mL and 5000 mL bottles with this processed water and sell widely in the different parts of Bangladesh. However, the dissolved minerals in their purified drinking water are not sufficient for human health. Total Dissolve Solids (TDS) is a parameter that counts all dissolved minerals in the water. Calcium, magnesium and potassium are minerals that are introduce as a “Beneficial Minerals” for human health. Calcium is an important mineral for bone development, potassium is needed for muscles and nervous system and magnesium is helpful protect cardiovascular disease. The objective of the study is to examine the Total Dissolved Solids (minerals) and the Total Hardness (TH) in selected bottled water samples. The selected samples have been marketed by the local branded companies in Bangladesh. TDS and TH are measured in total eight of bottled water samples collected from the local confectionery shops in Dhaka city. The obtained results show that the levels of dissolved minerals in the drinking water samples are very low, which is quite alarming. Particularly, calcium and magnesium are found in very low amount in water samples of three companies. It can be assumed that those bottled water do not bring additional benefits to human health. The TDS of sample of one company was alarming low (9.44 mg/L. It may pose negative effects on human health especially malnourished people’s health.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections