Oral Toxicity Assessment and <i>In vitro</i> Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of <i>Alchornea Cordifolia</i> on Albino Rats

Komolafe Kafilat Adenike; Adeoti Olatunde Micheal; Olaoye Opeyemi Joy; Olufemi Olutope Samson; Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke; Adedoja Sulaiman Aderogba; Adesina David Ademola; Abiola Adebiyi Oladepo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12

Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats

Komolafe Kafilat Adenike, Adeoti Olatunde Micheal, Olaoye Opeyemi Joy, Olufemi Olutope Samson, Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke, Adedoja Sulaiman Aderogba, Adesina David Ademola, Abiola Adebiyi Oladepo

Published in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 22 December 2019 Accepted: 6 January 2020 Published: 5 August 2020

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The ameliorative tendency of the leaves of Alchornea cordifolia has been reported against ailments ranging from conjunctivitis to yaws and certain parasitic infections. This necessitated investigating the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of methanol-extracted leaves of Alchornea cordifolia on hematological and histopathological of organ of toxicity on albino rats. The rats were randomly segregated into four groups of five animals in each cage. The groups were orally administered with 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight and 10% Tween 80 control for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis and organs (liver and spleen) for histopathological analysis. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett’s test at P>0.05 levels of significance. Methanol leaf extract had a significantly higher inhibitory zone in E. coli and K. pneumonia ranging 35.00± 1.73 and 35.67± 3.48 at all the concentrations tested. There was no significant effect on hematological parameters. Liver necrosis was noticed in the harvested organs of the experimental rats. The liver sections of rat treated with 750mg/kg of the leaf extract showed cloudy swelling of hepatocytes and mild Kupffer cell hyperplasia. These results suggest that Alchornea cordifolia is non-toxic but has the propensity to induce hepatic injury at high doses. Conclusively, successful antibacterial activity at all concentrations and the slight pathological effects could be indicative low toxicity and high efficacy of this plant if taken at lower doses.

Published in	Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12
Page(s)	22-28
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Alchornea Cordifolia, Hyperplasia, Conjunctivitis, Antibacterial, Histopathological

References

[1]	Olaleye, M. T., Adegboye, O. O. and Akindahunsi, A. A. 2006. Alchornea cordifolia extract protects wistar albino rats against acetaminophen-induced liver damage. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 5 (24), pp. 2439-2445.
[2]	Latham, P. 2004. Useful plants of Bas-Congo province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. DFID, London, United Kingdom. PP. 320.
[3]	Neuwinger, H. D. 2000. African traditional medicine: a dictionary of plant use and applications. Medpharm Scientific, Stuttgart, Germany. PP. 589.
[4]	Osadebe, P. O and Okoye, F. 2003. Anti-inflammatory effect of crude methanolic extract and fraction of Alchornea cordifolia leaves. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 89 (1): 19-24.
[5]	Zampini, I. C., Cuello, C., and Alberto, M. R. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of selected plant species from the Argentine puna against sensitive and multiresistant bacteria. Journal Ethnopharmacol., 124: 499-505.
[6]	Sofowara (1993). Medicinal plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. Spectrum Book Ltd, Ibadan, Nigeria, P. 289.
[7]	Bauer, A A. W, Kirby W. M. M; Sherris and Truck, M. (1966). Antibiotic Suceptibility testing by a standard single disc method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 45: 493-496.
[8]	OECD. 2008. OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals. Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: Paris, France.
[9]	Coles, E. H. 1986. Veterinary clinical pathology. 4^th edition, W. B. Saundercompany, philadelphiap. p: 457.
[10]	Yokozawa, T., Fujioka, K., Oura, H., Nonaka, G., Nishioka, I.,(1991). Effects of rhubarb tannins on uremic toxins. Nephron 58: 155-160.
[11]	Ozolua, R. I., Adejayan, A., Aigbe, O. P., Uwaya, D. O., Argawal, A. 2011. Some characteristic relaxant effects of aqueous leaf extract of Andrographispaniculata and andrographolide on guinea pig tracheal rings. Nigeria Journal of Physiological Science 26: 119-124.
[12]	Lamb, G. M. 1991. Manual of Veterinary Laboratory Techniques in Kenya. CIBA-CEGY, Kenya.
[13]	Rao, G. M., Rao, C. V., Push pangadan, P. and Shirwaikar, A. 2006. Hepatoprotective effects of rubidian, a major constituents of Rubiacordifolia, Linn. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 103: 484-490.
[14]	Parry C, Hien TT, Dougan G, White N, Farrar J. 2002. Typhoid fever. N Engl Journal of Medicine; 347: 1770–1782.
[15]	Adeshina, G. O., Onaolapo, J. A., Ehinmidu J. O., Odama L. E. 2010. Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of the ethyl acetate extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaf found in Abuja, Nigeria. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4: 649-658.
[16]	Amos-Tautua, B. M. W., Angaye, S. S., Jonathan, G. 2011. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the methanol and chloroform extracts of Alchornea cordifolia. Journal of Emerging Trends Engineering Applied Science 2: 445-447.
[17]	National Academy of Sciences. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 8th. Washington, DC, USA: National Academic Press; 2011.
[18]	Adeneye, A. A., Ajagbonna, O. P., Adeleke, T. I., Bello, S. O. 2006. Preliminary toxicity and phytochemical studies of the stem bark aqueous extract of Musangacecropioides in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 105: 374-379.
[19]	Harper, H. A. (1973). Review of Physiological Chemistry. Lange Medical Publications, California.
[20]	Olson, H., Betton, G., Robinson, D., Thomas, K., Monro, A., Kolaja, G., Lilly, P., Sanders, J., Sipes, G., Bracken, W., Dorato, M., Van Denn, K., Smith, P., Berger, B., Heller, A. 2000. Concordance of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in humans and in animals. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology 32: 56–67.
[21]	Marva-Manga H, Brkic D, Marie DEP, Quetin-Leclercq J (2004) In vivo antiinflammatory activity of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach& Thonn.) Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 92: 209-214.
[22]	Satyanarayana PS, Singh D, Chopra K (2001) Quercetin, abioflavonoid, protects against oxidative stress-related renal dysfunction by cyclosporine in rats. Exp Clin Pharmacol 23: 175-181.
[23]	Adewunmi, C. O., Agbedahunsi, J. M., Adebajo, A. C., Aladesanmi, A. J., Murphy, N. and Wando, J. 2001. Ethno-veterinary medicine: screening of Nigerian medicinal plants for trypanocidal properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 77: 19–24.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Komolafe Kafilat Adenike, Adeoti Olatunde Micheal, Olaoye Opeyemi Joy, Olufemi Olutope Samson, Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke, et al. (2020). Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 5(2), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Komolafe Kafilat Adenike; Adeoti Olatunde Micheal; Olaoye Opeyemi Joy; Olufemi Olutope Samson; Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke, et al. Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2020, 5(2), 22-28. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Komolafe Kafilat Adenike, Adeoti Olatunde Micheal, Olaoye Opeyemi Joy, Olufemi Olutope Samson, Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke, et al. Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats. Ecol Evol Biol. 2020;5(2):22-28. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12,
  author = {Komolafe Kafilat Adenike and Adeoti Olatunde Micheal and Olaoye Opeyemi Joy and Olufemi Olutope Samson and Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke and Adedoja Sulaiman Aderogba and Adesina David Ademola and Abiola Adebiyi Oladepo},
  title = {Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {22-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20200502.12},
  abstract = {The ameliorative tendency of the leaves of Alchornea cordifolia has been reported against ailments ranging from conjunctivitis to yaws and certain parasitic infections. This necessitated investigating the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of methanol-extracted leaves of Alchornea cordifolia on hematological and histopathological of organ of toxicity on albino rats. The rats were randomly segregated into four groups of five animals in each cage. The groups were orally administered with 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight and 10% Tween 80 control for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis and organs (liver and spleen) for histopathological analysis. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett’s test at P>0.05 levels of significance. Methanol leaf extract had a significantly higher inhibitory zone in E. coli and K. pneumonia ranging 35.00± 1.73 and 35.67± 3.48 at all the concentrations tested. There was no significant effect on hematological parameters. Liver necrosis was noticed in the harvested organs of the experimental rats. The liver sections of rat treated with 750mg/kg of the leaf extract showed cloudy swelling of hepatocytes and mild Kupffer cell hyperplasia. These results suggest that Alchornea cordifolia is non-toxic but has the propensity to induce hepatic injury at high doses. Conclusively, successful antibacterial activity at all concentrations and the slight pathological effects could be indicative low toxicity and high efficacy of this plant if taken at lower doses.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats
AU - Komolafe Kafilat Adenike
AU - Adeoti Olatunde Micheal
AU - Olaoye Opeyemi Joy
AU - Olufemi Olutope Samson
AU - Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke
AU - Adedoja Sulaiman Aderogba
AU - Adesina David Ademola
AU - Abiola Adebiyi Oladepo
Y1 - 2020/08/05
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12
DO - 10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12
T2 - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JF - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JO - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
SP - 22
EP - 28
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-3762
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12
AB - The ameliorative tendency of the leaves of Alchornea cordifolia has been reported against ailments ranging from conjunctivitis to yaws and certain parasitic infections. This necessitated investigating the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of methanol-extracted leaves of Alchornea cordifolia on hematological and histopathological of organ of toxicity on albino rats. The rats were randomly segregated into four groups of five animals in each cage. The groups were orally administered with 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight and 10% Tween 80 control for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis and organs (liver and spleen) for histopathological analysis. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett’s test at P>0.05 levels of significance. Methanol leaf extract had a significantly higher inhibitory zone in E. coli and K. pneumonia ranging 35.00± 1.73 and 35.67± 3.48 at all the concentrations tested. There was no significant effect on hematological parameters. Liver necrosis was noticed in the harvested organs of the experimental rats. The liver sections of rat treated with 750mg/kg of the leaf extract showed cloudy swelling of hepatocytes and mild Kupffer cell hyperplasia. These results suggest that Alchornea cordifolia is non-toxic but has the propensity to induce hepatic injury at high doses. Conclusively, successful antibacterial activity at all concentrations and the slight pathological effects could be indicative low toxicity and high efficacy of this plant if taken at lower doses.
VL - 5
IS - 2
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Komolafe Kafilat Adenike

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria; Department of Zoology, Parasitology Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Adeoti Olatunde Micheal

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria; Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria; Department of Zoology, Cellular Parasitology Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Olaoye Opeyemi Joy

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria
Olufemi Olutope Samson

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria
Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria
Adedoja Sulaiman Aderogba

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria
Adesina David Ademola

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria
Abiola Adebiyi Oladepo

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Shaki, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Komolafe Kafilat Adenike, Adeoti Olatunde Micheal, Olaoye Opeyemi Joy, Olufemi Olutope Samson, Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke, et al. (2020). Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 5(2), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Komolafe Kafilat Adenike; Adeoti Olatunde Micheal; Olaoye Opeyemi Joy; Olufemi Olutope Samson; Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke, et al. Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2020, 5(2), 22-28. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Komolafe Kafilat Adenike, Adeoti Olatunde Micheal, Olaoye Opeyemi Joy, Olufemi Olutope Samson, Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke, et al. Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats. Ecol Evol Biol. 2020;5(2):22-28. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12,
  author = {Komolafe Kafilat Adenike and Adeoti Olatunde Micheal and Olaoye Opeyemi Joy and Olufemi Olutope Samson and Adedokun Elizabeth Olajumoke and Adedoja Sulaiman Aderogba and Adesina David Ademola and Abiola Adebiyi Oladepo},
  title = {Oral Toxicity Assessment and In vitro Antimicrobial Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia on Albino Rats},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {22-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20200502.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20200502.12},
  abstract = {The ameliorative tendency of the leaves of Alchornea cordifolia has been reported against ailments ranging from conjunctivitis to yaws and certain parasitic infections. This necessitated investigating the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of methanol-extracted leaves of Alchornea cordifolia on hematological and histopathological of organ of toxicity on albino rats. The rats were randomly segregated into four groups of five animals in each cage. The groups were orally administered with 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight and 10% Tween 80 control for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis and organs (liver and spleen) for histopathological analysis. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett’s test at P>0.05 levels of significance. Methanol leaf extract had a significantly higher inhibitory zone in E. coli and K. pneumonia ranging 35.00± 1.73 and 35.67± 3.48 at all the concentrations tested. There was no significant effect on hematological parameters. Liver necrosis was noticed in the harvested organs of the experimental rats. The liver sections of rat treated with 750mg/kg of the leaf extract showed cloudy swelling of hepatocytes and mild Kupffer cell hyperplasia. These results suggest that Alchornea cordifolia is non-toxic but has the propensity to induce hepatic injury at high doses. Conclusively, successful antibacterial activity at all concentrations and the slight pathological effects could be indicative low toxicity and high efficacy of this plant if taken at lower doses.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download