Evaluation of Genome Size, Chromosome Number and Karyotype in <i>Zygophyllum xanthoxylon</i>

Yanbo Wu; Linjing Zhang; Yue Wang; Cui Liu; Shengdan Wu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Evaluation of Genome Size, Chromosome Number and Karyotype in Zygophyllum xanthoxylon

Yanbo Wu, Linjing Zhang, Yue Wang, Cui Liu, Shengdan Wu

Published in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 6, Issue 2)

Received: 31 March 2021 Accepted: 14 April 2021 Published: 23 April 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Zygophyllum xanthoxylon, a super-xerophytic shrub in drylands, is widely used for afforestation in the arid and barren mountains of central Asia. Understanding the karyotype and genome size could provide basic information for genome sequencing of species. To date, few data on the DNA content and chromosomal characterization of Z. xanthoxylon have been reported. Here, we present both the karyotype analysis and genome size determination of Z. xanthoxylon based on the traditional pressing and flow cytometry methods. Chromosome counting showed that Z. xanthoxylon is diploid with a chromosome number of 22. Karyotype analysis revealed that the length of chromosomes ranges from 0.88 ± 0.08 μm to 2.36 ± 0.19 μm, the chromosomes are metacentric or submetacentric, and the karyotype formula is 2n = 2x = 22 = 18m + 4sm. Flow cytometry analysis estimated that the nuclear genome size of Z. xanthoxylon is 460 ± 7.05 Mbp. Interestingly, our results indicated the seedlings of Z. xanthoxylon exhibit endopolyploidy, which may confer better ecological adaptation. Collectively, the present study will provide an important cytological basis for the study of the origin, evolution and utilization of Z. xanthoxylon.

Published in	Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11
Page(s)	31-37
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Zygophyllum xanthoxylon, Chromosome Number, Karyotype, Flow Cytometry, Genomic Size, Endopolyploidy

References

[1]	Shi XJ, Zhang ML. (2015). Phylogeographical structure inferred from cpDNA sequence variation of Zygophyllum xanthoxylon across north-west China. Journal of plant research 128: 269-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-014-0699-y
[2]	Matsunaga S, Katagiri Y, Nagashima Y, Sugiyama T, Sakamoto T. (2013). New insights into the dynamics of plant cell nuclei and chromosomes. Int Rev Cel Mol Bio 305: 253-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407695-2.00006-8
[3]	Doyle JJ, Coate JE. (2019). Polyploidy, the nucleotype, and novelty: the impact of genome doubling on the biology of the cell. Int J Plant Sci 180: 1-52. https://doi.org/10.1086/700636
[4]	Wang X, Zhang T, Wen Z, Xiao H, Yang Z, Chen G, Zhao X. (2011). The chromosome number, karyotype and genome size of the desert plant diploid Reaumuria soongorica (Pall.) Maxim. Plant Cell Rep 30: 955-964. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-011-1020-3
[5]	Levan A, Fredga K, Sandberg AA. (1964). Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas 52: 202-220. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1964.tb01953.x
[6]	Stebbins GL. (1971). Chromosomal evolution in higher plants. London: Edward Arnold Ltd.
[7]	Doležel J, Greilhuber J, Suda J. (2007). Estimation of nuclear DNA content in plants using flow cytometry. Nat Protoc 2: 2233-2244. http://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2007.310
[8]	Verde I, Abbott AG, Scalabrin S et al. (2013). The high-quality draft genome of peach (Prunus persica) identifies unique patterns of genetic diversity, domestication and genome evolution. Nat Genet 45: 487-494. http://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2586
[9]	Xu C, Jiao C, Sun H, Cai X, Wang X et al. (2017). Draft genome of spinach and transcriptome diversity of 120 Spinacia accessions. Nat Commun 8: 15275. http://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15275
[10]	Amini-Chermahini F, Ebrahimi M, Farajpour M, Bordbar ZT. (2014). Karyotype analysis and new chromosome number reports in Zygophyllum species. Caryologia 67: 321-324. http://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2014.980098
[11]	He XQ, Ma N, Hao XL. (2020). Evolution of karyotype, genome size and GC content in Dianthus chinensis L. Pak J Bot 52. http://doi.org/10.30848/PJB2020-6(11)
[12]	Urdampilleta JD, Coulleri JP, Ferrucci MS, Forni-Martins ER. (2013). Karyotype evolution and phylogenetic analyses in the genus Cardiospermum L. (Paullinieae, Sapindaceae). Plant Biology 15: 868-881. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00679.x
[13]	Wu SD, Zhang LJ, Lin L, Yu SH, Chen ZD and Wang W. (2018). Insights into the historical assembly of global dryland floras: the diversification of Zygophyllaceae. BMC Evol Biol 18: 166. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1277-z
[14]	Wu SD, Li L, Li HL, Yu SX, Zhang LJ and Wang W. (2015). Evolution of Asian interior arid-zone biota: evidence from the diversification of Asian Zygophyllum (Zygophyllaceae). Plos One 10: e0138697. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138697
[15]	Wendel JF, Jackson SA, Meyers BC, Wing RA. (2016). Evolution of plant genome architecture. Genome Biol 17: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-016-0908-1
[16]	Xu H, Fu W, Xie W, Wang Y, Zhang Y et al. (2020). The complete chloroplast genomes of two species of Zygophyllum (Zygophyllaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B 5: 3494-3495. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2020.1825132
[17]	Barow M, Meister A. (2003). Endopolyploidy in higher plants is correlated to systematics, life strategy and genome size. Plant Cell Environ 26: 571-584. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.00988.x
[18]	Kudo N, Watanabe S, Mii M. (2004). Systemic endopolyploidy in development of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Plant Biotechnology 21: 283-287. https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.283
[19]	Simova I, Herben T. (2012). Geometrical constraints in the scaling relationships between genome size, cell size and cell cycle length in herbaceous plants. P Roy Soc B-Biol Sci 279: 867-875. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1284
[20]	Gregory TR. (2010). Coincidence, coevolution, or causation? DNA content, cell size, and the c-value enigma. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 76: 65-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2000.tb00059.x
[21]	Barow M. (2010). Endopolyploidy in seed plants. BioEssays 28: 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20371
[22]	Tian Y, Gu H, Fan Z, Shi G, Yuan J, Wei F, Yang Y, Tian B, Cao G, Huang J. (2019). Role of a cotton endoreduplication related gene, GaTOP6B, in response to drought stress. Planta 249: 1119-1132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-018-3067-7
[23]	Ceccarelli M, Santantonio E, Marmottini F, Amzallag GN, Cionini PG. (2006). Chromosome endoreduplication as a factor of salt adaptation in Sorghum bicolor. Protoplasma 227: 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-005-0144-0

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Yanbo Wu, Linjing Zhang, Yue Wang, Cui Liu, Shengdan Wu. (2021). Evaluation of Genome Size, Chromosome Number and Karyotype in Zygophyllum xanthoxylon. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 6(2), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Yanbo Wu; Linjing Zhang; Yue Wang; Cui Liu; Shengdan Wu. Evaluation of Genome Size, Chromosome Number and Karyotype in Zygophyllum xanthoxylon. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2021, 6(2), 31-37. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Yanbo Wu, Linjing Zhang, Yue Wang, Cui Liu, Shengdan Wu. Evaluation of Genome Size, Chromosome Number and Karyotype in Zygophyllum xanthoxylon. Ecol Evol Biol. 2021;6(2):31-37. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11,
  author = {Yanbo Wu and Linjing Zhang and Yue Wang and Cui Liu and Shengdan Wu},
  title = {Evaluation of Genome Size, Chromosome Number and Karyotype in Zygophyllum xanthoxylon},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {31-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20210602.11},
  abstract = {Zygophyllum xanthoxylon, a super-xerophytic shrub in drylands, is widely used for afforestation in the arid and barren mountains of central Asia. Understanding the karyotype and genome size could provide basic information for genome sequencing of species. To date, few data on the DNA content and chromosomal characterization of Z. xanthoxylon have been reported. Here, we present both the karyotype analysis and genome size determination of Z. xanthoxylon based on the traditional pressing and flow cytometry methods. Chromosome counting showed that Z. xanthoxylon is diploid with a chromosome number of 22. Karyotype analysis revealed that the length of chromosomes ranges from 0.88 ± 0.08 μm to 2.36 ± 0.19 μm, the chromosomes are metacentric or submetacentric, and the karyotype formula is 2n = 2x = 22 = 18m + 4sm. Flow cytometry analysis estimated that the nuclear genome size of Z. xanthoxylon is 460 ± 7.05 Mbp. Interestingly, our results indicated the seedlings of Z. xanthoxylon exhibit endopolyploidy, which may confer better ecological adaptation. Collectively, the present study will provide an important cytological basis for the study of the origin, evolution and utilization of Z. xanthoxylon.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of Genome Size, Chromosome Number and Karyotype in Zygophyllum xanthoxylon
AU - Yanbo Wu
AU - Linjing Zhang
AU - Yue Wang
AU - Cui Liu
AU - Shengdan Wu
Y1 - 2021/04/23
PY - 2021
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11
DO - 10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11
T2 - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JF - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JO - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
SP - 31
EP - 37
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-3762
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11
AB - Zygophyllum xanthoxylon, a super-xerophytic shrub in drylands, is widely used for afforestation in the arid and barren mountains of central Asia. Understanding the karyotype and genome size could provide basic information for genome sequencing of species. To date, few data on the DNA content and chromosomal characterization of Z. xanthoxylon have been reported. Here, we present both the karyotype analysis and genome size determination of Z. xanthoxylon based on the traditional pressing and flow cytometry methods. Chromosome counting showed that Z. xanthoxylon is diploid with a chromosome number of 22. Karyotype analysis revealed that the length of chromosomes ranges from 0.88 ± 0.08 μm to 2.36 ± 0.19 μm, the chromosomes are metacentric or submetacentric, and the karyotype formula is 2n = 2x = 22 = 18m + 4sm. Flow cytometry analysis estimated that the nuclear genome size of Z. xanthoxylon is 460 ± 7.05 Mbp. Interestingly, our results indicated the seedlings of Z. xanthoxylon exhibit endopolyploidy, which may confer better ecological adaptation. Collectively, the present study will provide an important cytological basis for the study of the origin, evolution and utilization of Z. xanthoxylon.
VL - 6
IS - 2
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Yanbo Wu

College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China
Linjing Zhang

College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China
Yue Wang

College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China
Cui Liu

College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China
Shengdan Wu

State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Institute of Innovation Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Yanbo Wu, Linjing Zhang, Yue Wang, Cui Liu, Shengdan Wu. (2021). Evaluation of Genome Size, Chromosome Number and Karyotype in Zygophyllum xanthoxylon. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 6(2), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Yanbo Wu; Linjing Zhang; Yue Wang; Cui Liu; Shengdan Wu. Evaluation of Genome Size, Chromosome Number and Karyotype in Zygophyllum xanthoxylon. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2021, 6(2), 31-37. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Yanbo Wu, Linjing Zhang, Yue Wang, Cui Liu, Shengdan Wu. Evaluation of Genome Size, Chromosome Number and Karyotype in Zygophyllum xanthoxylon. Ecol Evol Biol. 2021;6(2):31-37. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11,
  author = {Yanbo Wu and Linjing Zhang and Yue Wang and Cui Liu and Shengdan Wu},
  title = {Evaluation of Genome Size, Chromosome Number and Karyotype in Zygophyllum xanthoxylon},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {31-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20210602.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20210602.11},
  abstract = {Zygophyllum xanthoxylon, a super-xerophytic shrub in drylands, is widely used for afforestation in the arid and barren mountains of central Asia. Understanding the karyotype and genome size could provide basic information for genome sequencing of species. To date, few data on the DNA content and chromosomal characterization of Z. xanthoxylon have been reported. Here, we present both the karyotype analysis and genome size determination of Z. xanthoxylon based on the traditional pressing and flow cytometry methods. Chromosome counting showed that Z. xanthoxylon is diploid with a chromosome number of 22. Karyotype analysis revealed that the length of chromosomes ranges from 0.88 ± 0.08 μm to 2.36 ± 0.19 μm, the chromosomes are metacentric or submetacentric, and the karyotype formula is 2n = 2x = 22 = 18m + 4sm. Flow cytometry analysis estimated that the nuclear genome size of Z. xanthoxylon is 460 ± 7.05 Mbp. Interestingly, our results indicated the seedlings of Z. xanthoxylon exhibit endopolyploidy, which may confer better ecological adaptation. Collectively, the present study will provide an important cytological basis for the study of the origin, evolution and utilization of Z. xanthoxylon.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download