American Journal of Laboratory Medicine

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Maternal Serum Triple Screening Test and Pregnancy Outcome in Elderly Sudanese Pregnant Ladies in Khartoum State-Sudan

Received: 29 January 2017    Accepted: 10 March 2017    Published: 28 November 2017
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Abstract

The possibility to deliver infants with congenital defects or diseases is thought to be associated with increased in maternal age. This fact is well established and documented in previous studies done in the United States of America. Infants with birth defects is not the only disastrous outcome, pregnancy and delivery complications, abortion, stillbirth are also known consequences. The aim of this study, to detect a possible association between increased maternal age, and Triple Screening Test results. And compare the findings of the Triple Screening Test results with abnormal pregnancy outcome among Sudanese pregnant ladies. Study performed in ninety-one pregnant ladies accepted to participate. Participants were assigned to two groups; study group including 69 (75.8%) women equal to and above 35 years and control group including 22 (24.2%) women less than 30 years. Structured questionnaire, clinical examinations including ultra-sound for the determination of gestational age were also performed. Blood samples were collected from all participants during the 14th to 20th week of gestational age. Sera were separated and used for the determination of human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha fetoprotein, and free estriol concentrations using standardized quantitative methods (ELISA) collectively known as the Triple Screening Test. In the study group, participants delivered 57 (82.6%) normal healthy infants. Twelve ladies (17.4%) delivered infants with adverse dimorphic features. The defects varied; four (5.8%) had stillbirth, four (5.8%) had abortion at the second trimester, three (4.3%) had premature delivery, and one (1.4%) had intrauterine death. And matching control group, none of the participants (0%) give birth to an infant with congenital defect. Highly significant positive correlation was detected between increase in maternal age and abnormal pregnancy outcome. The Triple Screening Test against the pregnancy outcome in study group, showed statistically significant differences between levels of β-HCG, AFP, and Free estriol and pregnancy outcomes with P-values of 0.000, 0.5240, and 0.000 were obtained using Pearson Chi-squire test of significance, respectively. Study conclude that abnormal pregnancy outcome is strongly associated with increase in maternal age. Also there were strongly association between the Triple Screening Test and abnormal pregnancy outcome.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.19
Published in American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2017)
Page(s) 172-178
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Maternal, Pregnancy Outcome, Elderly, HCG, AFP, Free Estriol, ELISA

References
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Author Information
  • Clinical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan

  • Safa Academy, Khartoum, Sudan

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    Rimaz A. Gurashi, Imad Fadl-Elmula. (2017). Maternal Serum Triple Screening Test and Pregnancy Outcome in Elderly Sudanese Pregnant Ladies in Khartoum State-Sudan. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2(6), 172-178. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.19

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    Rimaz A. Gurashi; Imad Fadl-Elmula. Maternal Serum Triple Screening Test and Pregnancy Outcome in Elderly Sudanese Pregnant Ladies in Khartoum State-Sudan. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2017, 2(6), 172-178. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.19

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    AMA Style

    Rimaz A. Gurashi, Imad Fadl-Elmula. Maternal Serum Triple Screening Test and Pregnancy Outcome in Elderly Sudanese Pregnant Ladies in Khartoum State-Sudan. Am J Lab Med. 2017;2(6):172-178. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.19

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.19,
      author = {Rimaz A. Gurashi and Imad Fadl-Elmula},
      title = {Maternal Serum Triple Screening Test and Pregnancy Outcome in Elderly Sudanese Pregnant Ladies in Khartoum State-Sudan},
      journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6},
      pages = {172-178},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.19},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170206.19},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20170206.19},
      abstract = {The possibility to deliver infants with congenital defects or diseases is thought to be associated with increased in maternal age. This fact is well established and documented in previous studies done in the United States of America. Infants with birth defects is not the only disastrous outcome, pregnancy and delivery complications, abortion, stillbirth are also known consequences. The aim of this study, to detect a possible association between increased maternal age, and Triple Screening Test results. And compare the findings of the Triple Screening Test results with abnormal pregnancy outcome among Sudanese pregnant ladies. Study performed in ninety-one pregnant ladies accepted to participate. Participants were assigned to two groups; study group including 69 (75.8%) women equal to and above 35 years and control group including 22 (24.2%) women less than 30 years. Structured questionnaire, clinical examinations including ultra-sound for the determination of gestational age were also performed. Blood samples were collected from all participants during the 14th to 20th week of gestational age. Sera were separated and used for the determination of human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha fetoprotein, and free estriol concentrations using standardized quantitative methods (ELISA) collectively known as the Triple Screening Test. In the study group, participants delivered 57 (82.6%) normal healthy infants. Twelve ladies (17.4%) delivered infants with adverse dimorphic features. The defects varied; four (5.8%) had stillbirth, four (5.8%) had abortion at the second trimester, three (4.3%) had premature delivery, and one (1.4%) had intrauterine death. And matching control group, none of the participants (0%) give birth to an infant with congenital defect. Highly significant positive correlation was detected between increase in maternal age and abnormal pregnancy outcome. The Triple Screening Test against the pregnancy outcome in study group, showed statistically significant differences between levels of β-HCG, AFP, and Free estriol and pregnancy outcomes with P-values of 0.000, 0.5240, and 0.000 were obtained using Pearson Chi-squire test of significance, respectively. Study conclude that abnormal pregnancy outcome is strongly associated with increase in maternal age. Also there were strongly association between the Triple Screening Test and abnormal pregnancy outcome.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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    AU  - Rimaz A. Gurashi
    AU  - Imad Fadl-Elmula
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    JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
    JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    AB  - The possibility to deliver infants with congenital defects or diseases is thought to be associated with increased in maternal age. This fact is well established and documented in previous studies done in the United States of America. Infants with birth defects is not the only disastrous outcome, pregnancy and delivery complications, abortion, stillbirth are also known consequences. The aim of this study, to detect a possible association between increased maternal age, and Triple Screening Test results. And compare the findings of the Triple Screening Test results with abnormal pregnancy outcome among Sudanese pregnant ladies. Study performed in ninety-one pregnant ladies accepted to participate. Participants were assigned to two groups; study group including 69 (75.8%) women equal to and above 35 years and control group including 22 (24.2%) women less than 30 years. Structured questionnaire, clinical examinations including ultra-sound for the determination of gestational age were also performed. Blood samples were collected from all participants during the 14th to 20th week of gestational age. Sera were separated and used for the determination of human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha fetoprotein, and free estriol concentrations using standardized quantitative methods (ELISA) collectively known as the Triple Screening Test. In the study group, participants delivered 57 (82.6%) normal healthy infants. Twelve ladies (17.4%) delivered infants with adverse dimorphic features. The defects varied; four (5.8%) had stillbirth, four (5.8%) had abortion at the second trimester, three (4.3%) had premature delivery, and one (1.4%) had intrauterine death. And matching control group, none of the participants (0%) give birth to an infant with congenital defect. Highly significant positive correlation was detected between increase in maternal age and abnormal pregnancy outcome. The Triple Screening Test against the pregnancy outcome in study group, showed statistically significant differences between levels of β-HCG, AFP, and Free estriol and pregnancy outcomes with P-values of 0.000, 0.5240, and 0.000 were obtained using Pearson Chi-squire test of significance, respectively. Study conclude that abnormal pregnancy outcome is strongly associated with increase in maternal age. Also there were strongly association between the Triple Screening Test and abnormal pregnancy outcome.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 6
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