A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer

Asif Ahmed

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14

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A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer

Asif Ahmed

Published in Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 12 September 2015 Accepted: 24 September 2015 Published: 10 October 2015

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Abstract

A microwave mixer circuits has been designed and fabricated, having frequency range of 2 GHz- 4 GHz, with optimum operating point at 3 GHz. The underlying theory of rat-race coupler was used to achieve frequency up-conversion and down-conversion process with the help of a nonlinear element - Schottky diode. The simulation of both the rat-race coupler and the mixer circuit has been done with Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and the fabricated mixer circuit has been tested using Vector Spectrum Analyzer (VSA). The measured results of the mixer has shown perfect consistency with the simulated outputs.

Published in	Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14
Page(s)	121-126
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Rat-Race Coupler, Microwave Mixer, Non-Linear Mixing

References

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[2]	H. J. O’Neill, “Image-frequency effects in a microwave crystal mixer,” in Proc. of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1965, vol. 112, no. 11, pp. 2019-2024.
[3]	T. Oxley, F. Hilsdent, “The performance of backward diodes as mixers and detectors at microwave frequencies” Radio and Electronic Engineer, 1966, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 181-191.
[4]	W. J. Moroney, Y. Anand, “Reliability of Microwave mixer diodes” in 10^th Annual Reliability Physics Symposium, 1972, pp. 57-63.
[5]	O. S. A. Tang, C. S. Aitchison, “Practical performance of a microwave distributed MESFET mixer” Electronic Letters, 1985, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 172-173.
[6]	G. Tomassetti, “An Unsual microwave mixer” in 16^th European Microwave Conference, 1986, pp. 754-759.
[7]	M. I. Sobhy, F. Bassirato, “Non-ideal modelling and design of microwave mixers” in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 1988, pp. 1111-1114.
[8]	H. Zaghloul, T. H. T. van Kalleveen, et. al., “A simple method for the evaluation of microwave mixer diodes” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1990, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 928-932.
[9]	T. H. Oxley, “50 years development of the microwave mixer for heterodyne reception” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2002, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 867-876.
[10]	K. Holland, J. Howes, “Improvements to the microwave mixer and power sensor linearity measurement capability at the National Physical Laboratory” in IEE Proc.- Science, Measurement and Technology, 2002, vol. 149, no. 6, pp. 329-332.
[11]	Gan Chee Tat, Lim Koon Tin, “A study and design of microwave mixer for Conversion Efficiency (CE) performance” in Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics, 2007, pp. 1-5.
[12]	Cao Haibo, R. Weber, “Three-port conversion scattering parameters characterization for microwave mixers” in 51^st Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2008, pp. 414-417.
[13]	C. Bohemond, T. Rampone, A. Sharaiha, “Performance of a Photonic Microwave Mixer based on cross-gain modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier” Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2011, vol. 29, no. 16, pp. 2402-2409.
[14]	Yuding Wang, Lv Zhiqing, et. al., “Back door effects of High Power microwave on microwave mixer” in International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), 2012, vol. 4, pp. 1-4.
[15]	A. Kazemipour, M. Salhi, et. al., “Novel method to measure the conversion-losses (C.L.) of microwave and mm-wave mixers” in Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proc. (APMC), 2013, pp. 731-733.

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Asif Ahmed. (2015). A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 3(5), 121-126. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14

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ACS Style

Asif Ahmed. A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2015, 3(5), 121-126. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14

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AMA Style

Asif Ahmed. A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer. J Electr Electron Eng. 2015;3(5):121-126. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14

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@article{10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14,
  author = {Asif Ahmed},
  title = {A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer},
  journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {121-126},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20150305.14},
  abstract = {A microwave mixer circuits has been designed and fabricated, having frequency range of 2 GHz- 4 GHz, with optimum operating point at 3 GHz. The underlying theory of rat-race coupler was used to achieve frequency up-conversion and down-conversion process with the help of a nonlinear element - Schottky diode. The simulation of both the rat-race coupler and the mixer circuit has been done with Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and the fabricated mixer circuit has been tested using Vector Spectrum Analyzer (VSA). The measured results of the mixer has shown perfect consistency with the simulated outputs.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer
AU  - Asif Ahmed
Y1  - 2015/10/10
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14
T2  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JO  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
SP  - 121
EP  - 126
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1605
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14
AB  - A microwave mixer circuits has been designed and fabricated, having frequency range of 2 GHz- 4 GHz, with optimum operating point at 3 GHz. The underlying theory of rat-race coupler was used to achieve frequency up-conversion and down-conversion process with the help of a nonlinear element - Schottky diode. The simulation of both the rat-race coupler and the mixer circuit has been done with Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and the fabricated mixer circuit has been tested using Vector Spectrum Analyzer (VSA). The measured results of the mixer has shown perfect consistency with the simulated outputs.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Asif Ahmed

Department of EEE, American International University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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APA Style

Asif Ahmed. (2015). A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 3(5), 121-126. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14

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ACS Style

Asif Ahmed. A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2015, 3(5), 121-126. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Asif Ahmed. A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer. J Electr Electron Eng. 2015;3(5):121-126. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14,
  author = {Asif Ahmed},
  title = {A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer},
  journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {121-126},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20150305.14},
  abstract = {A microwave mixer circuits has been designed and fabricated, having frequency range of 2 GHz- 4 GHz, with optimum operating point at 3 GHz. The underlying theory of rat-race coupler was used to achieve frequency up-conversion and down-conversion process with the help of a nonlinear element - Schottky diode. The simulation of both the rat-race coupler and the mixer circuit has been done with Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and the fabricated mixer circuit has been tested using Vector Spectrum Analyzer (VSA). The measured results of the mixer has shown perfect consistency with the simulated outputs.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer
AU  - Asif Ahmed
Y1  - 2015/10/10
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14
T2  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JO  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
SP  - 121
EP  - 126
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1605
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14
AB  - A microwave mixer circuits has been designed and fabricated, having frequency range of 2 GHz- 4 GHz, with optimum operating point at 3 GHz. The underlying theory of rat-race coupler was used to achieve frequency up-conversion and down-conversion process with the help of a nonlinear element - Schottky diode. The simulation of both the rat-race coupler and the mixer circuit has been done with Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and the fabricated mixer circuit has been tested using Vector Spectrum Analyzer (VSA). The measured results of the mixer has shown perfect consistency with the simulated outputs.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download