| Peer-Reviewed

Greening Approaches of Green Roof for Flower-Visiting Insects

Received: 22 January 2017    Accepted: 6 February 2017    Published: 1 March 2017
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The use of green roofs is being promoted and likely to increase, since they have the potential of providing suitable environment for flower-visiting insects in urban area. Human population density is high and limited in green spaces at ground level in Taipei city; green roofs are popular with the residents in a variety of benefits. We confirmed the carefully designed green roof had the potential value for flower-visiting insect populations. The suitability index curve is a valuable tool to describe the relationship between flower-visiting insects and greening variable and used to estimate the optimal value of greening variables for attract more flower-visiting insects on a limited area of green roof. A geometric mean approach of habitat suitability index model of green roof was found, which was used to assess green roof quality for flower-visiting insects by four greening variables. These research findings involve greening approaches and planning strategies, and could help effectively utilize the limited area of green roof to attract more flower-visiting insects in urban area.

Published in Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.larp.20170202.11
Page(s) 43-50
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Flower-Visiting Insect, Green Roof, Greening Approach, Suitability Curve, Suitability Index Model

References
[1] Amici, Valerio, Francesco Geri and Corrado Battisti (2010), "An integrated method to create habitat suitability models for fragmented landscapes", Journal of Nature Conservation Vol 18, No 3, August, pages 215-223.
[2] Bates, Adam J., Jon P. Sadler and Rae Mackay (2009), " Vegetation development over four years on two green roofs in the UK", Urban Forestry & Urban Greening Vol 12, No 1, pages 98-108.
[3] Brenneisen, Stephan (2006), "Space for urban wildlife: designing green roofs as habitats in Switzerland", Urban Habitats Vol 4, No 1, December, pages 27-36.
[4] Butler, Colleen Marie, Erin Butler and Colin M Orians (2010), " Native plant enthusiasm reaches new heights: Perceptions, evidence, and the future of green roofs", Urban Forestry & Urban Greening Vol 11, No 1, pages 1-10.
[5] Carter, Timothy and Colleen Butler (2008), "Ecological impacts of replacing traditional roofs with green roofs in two urban areas", Cities and the Environment Vol 1, No 2, article 9. November 01, 2014, http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=cate.
[6] Carter, Timothy and Laurie Fowler (2008), "Establishing green roof infrastructure through environmental policy instruments", Environmental Management Vol 42, No 1, pages 151-164.
[7] Coffman, Reid R. and Graham Davis (2005), " Insect and avian fauna presence on the Ford assembly plant ecoroof", In Proc. of 3rd North American Green Roof Conference: Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities, Washington, DC. 4-6 May 2005. The Gardinal Group, Toronto, pages 457-468.
[8] Coffman, Reid R. and Tom Waite (2011), "Vegetated roofs as reconciled habitats: Rapid assays beyond mere species counts", Urban Habitats Vol 6, No 1, January 04, 2015, http://www.urbanhabitats.org/v06n01/vegetatedroofs_full.html.
[9] Colla, Sheila R., Erin Willis and Laurence Packer (2009), "Can green roofs provide habitat for urban bees (Hymenoptera), Apidae?", Cities and the Environment Vol 2, No 1, article 4. November 01, 2014, http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=cate.
[10] Dauber, Jens, Michaela Hirsch, Dietmar Simmering, Rainer Waldhardt, Annette Otte and Volkmar Wolters (2003), "Landscape structure as an indicator of biodiversity: matrix effects on species richness", Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment Vol 98, No 1-3, September, pages 321-329.
[11] Davies, Renee, Simcock Robyn and Toft Richard (2010), "Islands in the sky, urban biodiversity enhancement in NZ on indigenous living roof landscapes", 44th Annual Conference of the Architectural Science Association, ANZAScA 2010, Unitec Institute of Technology.
[12] Everaars, Jeroen, Michael W. Strohbach, Bernd Gruber and Carsten F. Dormann (2011) "Microsite conditions dominate habitat selection of the red mason bee (Osmia bicornis, Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in an urban environment: A case study from Leipzig, Germany", Landscape and Urban Planning Vol 103, No 1, October, pages 15-23.
[13] Gedge, Dusty and Gyongyver Kadas (2005), "Green roofs and biodiversity", Biologist Vol 52, No 3, pages 161-169.
[14] Goddard, Mark A., Andrew J. Dougill and x.
[15] Andrew J. Dougill.
[16] Search for articles by this author.
[17] Affiliations.
[18] Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, LS2 9JT.
[19] Tim G. Benton (2010), "Scaling up from gardens: biodiversity conservation in urban environments", Trends in Ecology & Evolution Vol 25, No 2, February, pages 90-98.
[20] Grebenkov, Alexander, Alexei Lukashevich, Igor Linkov and Lawrence A. Kapustka (2006), "A habitat suitability evaluation technique and its application to environmental risk assessment", Detection and Disposal of Improvised Explosives, Springer Netherlands, pages 191-201.
[21] Iwasak, Tetsuya, Kato Junko, Morigughi Toshihiro, Handa Mariko and Imai Kazutaka (2005), " Change of the insect fauna at the high rise roof garden constructed in Kasumigaseki, Tokyo", Technical Reports of Landscape Architecture Vol 3, January, pages 22-25.
[22] Jiang, Su Lan (2012), "Studies on the Butterfly Fauna and Ecology of Bihu Park in Taipei City" (Master's thesis, University of Taipei), 114 pages. Retrieved from http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=Dj4I6s/record?r1=1&h1=3.
[23] Kadas, Gyongyver (2006), "Rare invertebrates colonizing green roofs in London", Urban Habitats Vol 4, No 1, December, pages 66-86.
[24] Köhler, Manfred (2006) "Long-term vegetation research on two extensive green roofs in Berlin", Urban Habitats Vol 4, No 1, December, pages 3-25.
[25] Ksiazek, Kelly, Jeremie Fant and Krissa Skogen (2012), "An assessment of pollen limitation on Chicago green roofs", Landscape and Urban Planning Vol 107, No 4, September, pages 401-408.
[26] Lundholm, Jeremy T. (2006) "Green roofs and facades: a habitat template approach", Urban Habitats Vol 4, No 1, December, pages 87-101.
[27] MacIvor, J. Scott and Jeremy Lundholm (2011), "Insect species composition and diversity on intensive green roofs and adjacent level-ground habitats", Urban Ecosystems Vol 14, No 2, September, pages 225-241.
[28] Madre, Frédéric, Alan Vergnes, Nathalie Machon and Philippe Clergeau (2013), "Comparison of 3 types of green roof as habitats for arthropods", Ecological Engineering Vol 57, August, pages 109-117.
[29] Matteson, Kevin C., John S. Ascher and Gail A. Langellotto (2008), " Bee rich. ness and abundance in New York city urban gardens", Annals of the Entomological Society of America Vol 101, No 1, pages 140-150.
[30] Matteson, Kevin C. and Gail A. Langellotto (2010), "Determinates of inner city butterfly and bee species richness", Urban Ecosystems Vol 13, No 3, September, pages 333-347.
[31] Mitsch, Willian J. (2012), "What is ecological engineering?", Ecological Engineering Vol 45, August, pages 5-12.
[32] Molles, Manuel C. (2005), Ecology: concepts and applications, McGraw-Hill, New York, 640 pages.
[33] Oberndorfer, Erica, Jeremy Lundholm, Brad Bass, Reid R. Coffman, Hitesh Doshi, Nigel Dunnett, Stuart Gaffin, Manfred Köhler and Bradley Rowe (2007), " Green roofs as urban ecosystems: ecological structures, functions, and services", BioScience, Vol 57, No 10, November, pages 823-833.
[34] Schamberger, M. and J. O'Neil, "Concepts and constraints of habitat-model testing", In Vemer J, Momson ML, Ralph CJ. (Eds.) Wildlife 2000: Modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, pages 5-10.
[35] Schindler, Bracha Y., Alden B. Griffith and Kristina N. Jones (2011), "Factors influencing arthropod diversity on green roofs", Cities and the Environment Vol 4, No 1, Retrieved September 20, 2014, http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1085&context=cate.
[36] Schrader, Stefan and Matthias Böning (2006), "Soil formation on green roofs and its contribution to urban biodiversity with emphasis on Collembolans", Pedobiologia Vol 50, No 4, September, pages 347-356.
[37] Sharp, Margaret A., David R. Parks and Paul R. Ehrlich (1974), "Plant resources and butterfly habitat", Ecology Vol 55, pages 870-875.
[38] Smallidge, Peter J. and Donald J. Leopold (1997), "Vegetation management for the maintenance and conservation of butterfly habitats in temperate human-dominated landscapes", Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol 38, No 3, November, pages 259-280.
[39] Snep, Robbert P. H., Author VitaeMichiel F. WallisDeVriesAuthor Vitae and Paul Opdam (2011), "Conservation where people work: A role for business districts and industrial areas in enhancing endangered butterfly populations? ", Landscape and Urban Planning Vol 103, No 1, October, pages 94-101.
[40] Ingolf, Steffan-Dewenter, Ute Münzenberg, Christof Bürger, Carsten Thies and Teja Tscharntke (2000), "Scale-dependent effects of landscape context on three pollinator guilds", Ecology, Vol 83, No 5, May, pages 1421-1432.
[41] Taipei City Government (2013) "Taipei city statistical yearbook 2012", Taipei City Government, ROC.
[42] Taipei City Government (2014), "Taipei city statistical yearbook 2013", Taipei City Government, ROC.
[43] Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility (TAIBIF) (2014), The Catalogue of Life of Taiwan Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, ROC, Retrieved September 15, 2014, http://www.taibif.tw/en/catalogue_of_life/browse.
[44] Tonietto, Rebecca, Jeremie Fant, John Ascher, Katherine Ellis and Daniel Larkin (2011),"A comparison of bee communities of Chicago green roofs, parks, and prairies", Landscape and Urban Planning Vol 103, No 1, October, pages 102-108.
[45] UN-Habitat (2011), "State of the World’s cities 2010/2011- Cities for all: Bridging the urban divide", Nairobi: UN-Habitat, 244 pages.
[46] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) (1981), "Standards for the development of habitat suitability index models", U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Ecological Service, Washington, DC, USA, 171 pages.
[47] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) (1986a), "Habitat suitability index models and instream flow suitability curves", U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Ecological Service, Washington, DC, USA, 78 pages.
[48] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) (1986b), "Habitat suitability index model: Inland Silverside", U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Ecological Service, Washington, DC, USA, 38 pages.
[49] U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Wetlands Research Center, Retrieved December 01, 2014, http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/wdb/pub/hsi/hsiintro.htm.
[50] Wang, Fei and Binliang Lin (2013), "Modelling habitat suitability for fish in the fluvial and acustrine regions of a new Eco-City", Ecological Modelling Vol 267, October, pages 115-126.
[51] Lin, Chun Ji (2008a), "A field guide to food plants for butterflies in Taiwan, Vol 1 ", Commonwealth Publishing Co., Ltd., Taiwan, 299 pages.
[52] Lin, Chun Ji (2008b), " A field guide to food plants for butterflies in Taiwan, Vol 2 ", Commonwealth Publishing Co., Ltd., Taiwan, 276 pages.
[53] Zhang, Yong Ren (1998)." Insects illustrated handbook ", Yuan-Liou Publishing Co., Ltd., Taipei, 368 pages.
[54] Zhang, Yong Ren (2001)." Insects illustrated handbook II ", Yuan-Liou Publishing Co., Ltd., Taipei, 416 pages.
[55] Zhou, Ming Yi (2009), "Studies on the change of butterfly fauna at Daan Park in Taipei City", Master's thesis, University of Taipei, 2009, 101 pages. Retrieved December 05, 2014, http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=Dj4I6s/record?r1=5&h1=1.
[56] Zohmann, Margit, Josef Pennerstorfer and Ursula Nopp-Mayr (2013), "Modelling habitat suitability for alpine rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta helvetica) combining object-based classification of IKONOS imagery and Habitat Suitability Index modelling", Ecological Modelling, Vol 254, April, pages 22-32.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Lee Hsueh Lee, Jun Cheng Lin. (2017). Greening Approaches of Green Roof for Flower-Visiting Insects. Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, 2(2), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20170202.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Lee Hsueh Lee; Jun Cheng Lin. Greening Approaches of Green Roof for Flower-Visiting Insects. Landsc. Archit. Reg. Plan. 2017, 2(2), 43-50. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20170202.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Lee Hsueh Lee, Jun Cheng Lin. Greening Approaches of Green Roof for Flower-Visiting Insects. Landsc Archit Reg Plan. 2017;2(2):43-50. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20170202.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.larp.20170202.11,
      author = {Lee Hsueh Lee and Jun Cheng Lin},
      title = {Greening Approaches of Green Roof for Flower-Visiting Insects},
      journal = {Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2},
      pages = {43-50},
      doi = {10.11648/j.larp.20170202.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20170202.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.larp.20170202.11},
      abstract = {The use of green roofs is being promoted and likely to increase, since they have the potential of providing suitable environment for flower-visiting insects in urban area. Human population density is high and limited in green spaces at ground level in Taipei city; green roofs are popular with the residents in a variety of benefits. We confirmed the carefully designed green roof had the potential value for flower-visiting insect populations. The suitability index curve is a valuable tool to describe the relationship between flower-visiting insects and greening variable and used to estimate the optimal value of greening variables for attract more flower-visiting insects on a limited area of green roof. A geometric mean approach of habitat suitability index model of green roof was found, which was used to assess green roof quality for flower-visiting insects by four greening variables. These research findings involve greening approaches and planning strategies, and could help effectively utilize the limited area of green roof to attract more flower-visiting insects in urban area.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Greening Approaches of Green Roof for Flower-Visiting Insects
    AU  - Lee Hsueh Lee
    AU  - Jun Cheng Lin
    Y1  - 2017/03/01
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20170202.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.larp.20170202.11
    T2  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
    JF  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
    JO  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
    SP  - 43
    EP  - 50
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2637-4374
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20170202.11
    AB  - The use of green roofs is being promoted and likely to increase, since they have the potential of providing suitable environment for flower-visiting insects in urban area. Human population density is high and limited in green spaces at ground level in Taipei city; green roofs are popular with the residents in a variety of benefits. We confirmed the carefully designed green roof had the potential value for flower-visiting insect populations. The suitability index curve is a valuable tool to describe the relationship between flower-visiting insects and greening variable and used to estimate the optimal value of greening variables for attract more flower-visiting insects on a limited area of green roof. A geometric mean approach of habitat suitability index model of green roof was found, which was used to assess green roof quality for flower-visiting insects by four greening variables. These research findings involve greening approaches and planning strategies, and could help effectively utilize the limited area of green roof to attract more flower-visiting insects in urban area.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Landscape Architecture, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R. O. C

  • Department of Landscape Architecture, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R. O. C

  • Sections