Urban and Regional Planning

| Peer-Reviewed |

Urban Sustainability Concepts and Their Implications on Urban Form

Received: 18 January 2018    Accepted: 03 February 2018    Published: 07 March 2018
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Since the middle of the 1980s, there has been a demand for urban centres to be more sustainable. City planners and administrators have had to lean towards the various city sustainability concepts in their schemes. The concept of “sustainable city” which became prominent as a progenitor for the others can still be deployed as the basis for most of the newer concepts. More recent concepts like “smart city” and “resilient city” have their essence in high technology and socio-environmental ideals that relate more with post-modern living. The urban form which is the most physical entity in the city is always evolving. The implementation of these concepts are likely to impact on the urban form in a way that may alter its organic or planned evolution. This study is a bibliometric survey of 5 of the urban sustainability concepts and their relevance in urban morphology. The paper analyses the core issues in each of the concepts and relates them to the aspects of the urban form they are more likely to alter with a view of how such effects may determine the morphology. The five city sustainability concepts for this research are easily the most common with reference to SCI and SSCI databases and are therefore more relevant to current research. They are sustainable city, smart city, eco-city, low carbon city and green city. Green city and eco city may result in less compact urban forms while the rest are explicitly supportive of more compact urban forms.

DOI 10.11648/j.urp.20180301.15
Published in Urban and Regional Planning (Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2018)
Page(s) 27-33
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Smart City, Sustainable City, Urban Form, Urban Morphology

References
[1] Conzen, M. P. (2001). The study of urban form in the United States. Urban Morphology, 5(1), 3-14.
[2] Whitehand, J. W. (1987). The changing face of cities: a study of development cycles and urban form. Blackwell.
[3] Whitehand, J. W. R. (1992). The making of the urban landscape. Blackwell.
[4] Zukin, S. (1988). The postmodern debate over urban form. Theory, Culture & Society, 5(2-3), 431-446.
[5] Kasarda, J. D., & Crenshaw, E. M. (1991). Third world urbanization: Dimensions, theories, and determinants. Annual Review of Sociology, 17(1), 467-501.
[6] IPCC. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2007).
[7] Adger W. N., Brown K., D. R. Nelson D. R. et al. Resilience implications of policy responses to climate change. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Chang., 2 (5) (2011), pp. 757–766.
[8] Turner B. Vulnerability and resilience: coalescing or paralleling approaches for sustainability science. Glob. Environ. Change., 20 (4) (2010), pp. 570–576.
[9] Holling C. S. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 4 (1973), pp. 1–23.
[10] Holling C. S. (1996). Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience. Engineering within ecological constraints, 31(1996), 32.
[11] Adger N. W. Vulnerability. Glob. Environ. Chang., 16 (3) (2006), pp. 268–281.
[12] U. N. Habitat. Cities and climate change: Global report on human settlements 2011. UN-Habitat, London, Royaume-Uni, Etats-Unis (2011).
[13] Manyena S. B., O'Brien G., O'Keefe P. et al. Disaster resilience: a bounce back or bounce forward ability. Local Environ. 16 (5) (2011), pp. 417–424.
[14] S. Davoudi, K. Shaw, L. J. Haider, et al. Resilience: a bridging concept or a dead end? “Reframing” resilience: challenges for planning theory and practice interacting traps: resilience assessment of a pasture management system in northern Afghanistan urban resilience: what does it mean in planning practice? Resilience as a useful concept for climate change adaptation? The politics of resilience for planning: a cautionary note Plan. Theory Pract. 13 (2) (2012), pp. 299–333.
[15] Davoudi S., Brooks E., Mehmood A. Evolutionary resilience and strategies for climate adaptation. Plan. Pract. Res., 28 (3) (2013), pp. 307–322.
[16] Folke C. Resilience: the emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses Glob. Environ. Chang. 16 (3) (2006), pp. 253–267.
[17] Paton D., McClure J., Burgelt P. T. Natural Hazard Resilience: The Role of Individual and Household Preparedness. D. Paton, D. M. Johnston (Eds.), Disaster Resilience: An Integrated Approach, Charles C Thomas Pub Limited (2006).
[18] Revi, A., Satterthwaite, D. E., Aragón-Durand, F., Corfee-Morlot, J., Kiunsi, R. B., Pelling, M., Roberts, D. C. and Solecki, W., 2014. Urban areas. Climate change, pp.535-612.
[19] Field C. B. (Ed.), et al., Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK) and New York (2014), pp. 535–612.
[20] De Jong, M., Joss, S., Schraven, D., Zhan, C. and Weijnen, M., 2015. Sustainable–smart–resilient–low carbon–eco–knowledge cities; making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanization. Journal of Cleaner production, 109, pp.25-38.
[21] Walter B, Arkin L., Crenshaw R. W. Sustainable cities: Concepts and strategies for eco-city development. Eco-Home Media, Los Angeles, CA (1992).
[22] Haughton G. Environmental justice and the sustainable city. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 18 (3) (1999), pp. 233–243.
[23] Register R. Ecocity Berkeley: Building cities for a healthy future. North Atlantic Books (1987).
[24] Li F., Wang R., Paulussen J., Liu X. Comprehensive concept planning of urban greening based on ecological principles: A case study in Beijing, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 72 (4) (2005), pp. 325–336.
[25] Ren H., Zhou W., Nakagami K. I., Gao W., Wu Q. Feasibility assessment of introducing distributed energy resources in urban areas of China. Applied Thermal Engineering, 30 (16) (2010), pp. 2584–2593.
[26] Joss S., Tomozeiu D., Cowley R. Eco-city indicators: Governance challenges. The Sustainable City VII: Urban Regeneration and Sustainability. (2012), p. 1109.
[27] L. Leydesdorff, M. Deakin. The triple-helix model of smart cities: A neoevolutionary perspective Journal of Urban Technology, 18 (2) (2011), pp. 53–63.
[28] Harvey D. A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2005).
[29] Pow C. P., H. Neo. Seeing red over green: Contesting urban sustainabilities in China Urban Studies, 50 (11) (2013), pp. 2256–2274.
[30] S. Joss. Eco-cities: The mainstreaming of urban sustainability; key characteristics and driving factors. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 6 (3) (2011), pp. 268–285.
[31] Hassan A. M., Lee H. The paradox of the sustainable city: Definitions and examples Environment, Development and Sustainability, 17 (6) (2015), pp. 1267–1285.
[32] Joss S., Cowley R, Tomozeiu D. Towards the ‘ubiquitous eco-city’: An analysis of the internationalization of eco-city policy and practice. Urban Research & Practice, 6 (1) (2013), pp. 54–74.
[33] Wang Y., Ding Q, Zhuang D. An eco-city evaluation method based on spatial analysis technology: A case study of Jiangsu Province, China. Ecological Indicators, 58 (2015), pp. 37–46.
[34] Chen F, Zhu D. Research on the content, models and strategies of low carbon cities [J]. In Urban Planning Forum, Vol. 4 (2009, January), pp. 7–13.
[35] Storch H., Downes N. K. A scenario-based approach to assess Ho Chi Minh City's urban development strategies against the impact of climate change Cities, 28 (6) (2011), pp. 517–526.
[36] Gossop C. Low carbon cities: An introduction to the special issue. Cities, 28 (6) (2011), pp. 495–497.
[37] Premalatha M., Tauseef S. M., Abbasi T., Abbasi S. A. The promise and the performance of the world's first two zero carbon eco-cities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25 (2013), pp. 660–669.
[38] Liu Z. L., Dai Y. X., Dong C. G., Qi Y. Low-carbon city: Concepts, international practice and implications for China. Urban Studies, 16 (6) (2009), pp. 1–7.
[39] Jabareen Y. R. Sustainable urban forms their typologies, models, and concepts Journal of Planning Education and Research, 26 (1) (2006), pp. 38–52.
[40] Zhang L., Feng Y., Chen B. Alternative scenarios for the development of a low-carbon city: A case study of Beijing, China. Energies, 4 (12) (2011), pp. 2295–2310.
[41] [41 Batty, M., Axhausen, K. W., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M., Ouzounis, G. and Portugali, Y., 2012. Smart cities of the future. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 214(1), pp.481-518.
[42] Zubizarreta I., Seravalli A., Arrizabalaga S. Smart city concept: What it is and what it should be Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 04015005 (2015).
[43] IPCC. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2007).
[44] Pelling M. Adaptation to Climate Change: From Resilience to Transformation. Taylor & Francis, London and New York (2011). Pelling, M. (2003). The vulnerability of cities: natural disasters and social resilience. Earthscan.
[45] Sahir, M. H., & Qureshi, A. H. (2007). Specific concerns of Pakistan in the context of energy security issues and geopolitics of the region. Energy Policy, 35(4), 2031-2037.
[46] Tian, G., Wu, J. and Yang, Z., 2010. Spatial pattern of urban functions in the Beijing metropolitan region. Habitat International, 34(2), pp.249-255.
[47] Coaffee. J (2003). Terrorism, risk, and the city: The making of a contemporary urban landscape. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
[48] ZHANG, H. W., XIA, H. S., & WEI, M. (2009). Guidinq the Construction of Green City with the Theory of Green Infrastructure [J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 9, 28-30.
[49] Oke T.1988 street design and urban canopy climate. Energy and Buildings 11[103-113].
[50] Frakhauser P.1994. La fractalite des structures urbaine [Anthropos, Paris].
[51] Marizia M.1998. systematization de la morphologie. Urbanisme 301 [35-40.
[52] M. Neuman. The compact city fallacy. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 25 (1) (2005), pp. 11–26.
Author Information
  • Department of Architecture, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Otta, Nigeria

  • Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Otta, Nigeria

  • Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Nigeria

  • Department of Architecture, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Adenaike Folahan Anthony, Ibem Eziyi Offia, Balogun Rukayat Abidemi, Oladunjoye Kola Gbolagade Kamoru. (2018). Urban Sustainability Concepts and Their Implications on Urban Form. Urban and Regional Planning, 3(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20180301.15

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Adenaike Folahan Anthony; Ibem Eziyi Offia; Balogun Rukayat Abidemi; Oladunjoye Kola Gbolagade Kamoru. Urban Sustainability Concepts and Their Implications on Urban Form. Urban Reg. Plan. 2018, 3(1), 27-33. doi: 10.11648/j.urp.20180301.15

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Adenaike Folahan Anthony, Ibem Eziyi Offia, Balogun Rukayat Abidemi, Oladunjoye Kola Gbolagade Kamoru. Urban Sustainability Concepts and Their Implications on Urban Form. Urban Reg Plan. 2018;3(1):27-33. doi: 10.11648/j.urp.20180301.15

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.urp.20180301.15,
      author = {Adenaike Folahan Anthony and Ibem Eziyi Offia and Balogun Rukayat Abidemi and Oladunjoye Kola Gbolagade Kamoru},
      title = {Urban Sustainability Concepts and Their Implications on Urban Form},
      journal = {Urban and Regional Planning},
      volume = {3},
      number = {1},
      pages = {27-33},
      doi = {10.11648/j.urp.20180301.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20180301.15},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.urp.20180301.15},
      abstract = {Since the middle of the 1980s, there has been a demand for urban centres to be more sustainable. City planners and administrators have had to lean towards the various city sustainability concepts in their schemes. The concept of “sustainable city” which became prominent as a progenitor for the others can still be deployed as the basis for most of the newer concepts. More recent concepts like “smart city” and “resilient city” have their essence in high technology and socio-environmental ideals that relate more with post-modern living. The urban form which is the most physical entity in the city is always evolving. The implementation of these concepts are likely to impact on the urban form in a way that may alter its organic or planned evolution. This study is a bibliometric survey of 5 of the urban sustainability concepts and their relevance in urban morphology. The paper analyses the core issues in each of the concepts and relates them to the aspects of the urban form they are more likely to alter with a view of how such effects may determine the morphology. The five city sustainability concepts for this research are easily the most common with reference to SCI and SSCI databases and are therefore more relevant to current research. They are sustainable city, smart city, eco-city, low carbon city and green city. Green city and eco city may result in less compact urban forms while the rest are explicitly supportive of more compact urban forms.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Urban Sustainability Concepts and Their Implications on Urban Form
    AU  - Adenaike Folahan Anthony
    AU  - Ibem Eziyi Offia
    AU  - Balogun Rukayat Abidemi
    AU  - Oladunjoye Kola Gbolagade Kamoru
    Y1  - 2018/03/07
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20180301.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.urp.20180301.15
    T2  - Urban and Regional Planning
    JF  - Urban and Regional Planning
    JO  - Urban and Regional Planning
    SP  - 27
    EP  - 33
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1697
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20180301.15
    AB  - Since the middle of the 1980s, there has been a demand for urban centres to be more sustainable. City planners and administrators have had to lean towards the various city sustainability concepts in their schemes. The concept of “sustainable city” which became prominent as a progenitor for the others can still be deployed as the basis for most of the newer concepts. More recent concepts like “smart city” and “resilient city” have their essence in high technology and socio-environmental ideals that relate more with post-modern living. The urban form which is the most physical entity in the city is always evolving. The implementation of these concepts are likely to impact on the urban form in a way that may alter its organic or planned evolution. This study is a bibliometric survey of 5 of the urban sustainability concepts and their relevance in urban morphology. The paper analyses the core issues in each of the concepts and relates them to the aspects of the urban form they are more likely to alter with a view of how such effects may determine the morphology. The five city sustainability concepts for this research are easily the most common with reference to SCI and SSCI databases and are therefore more relevant to current research. They are sustainable city, smart city, eco-city, low carbon city and green city. Green city and eco city may result in less compact urban forms while the rest are explicitly supportive of more compact urban forms.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections