Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Chemical. Composition of Various Vegetables in Sahiwal Region Punjab, Pakistan

Muhammad Nasir Javed; Sami Ullah; Abid Ali; Muhammad Zeshan; Kanwal Shehzadi; Muhammad Khalid

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11

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Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Chemical. Composition of Various Vegetables in Sahiwal Region Punjab, Pakistan

Muhammad Nasir Javed, Sami Ullah, Abid Ali, Muhammad Zeshan, Kanwal Shehzadi, Muhammad Khalid

Published in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 2 January 2020 Accepted: 27 February 2020 Published: 28 May 2020

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of toxic metals such as Lead (pb), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe) and Cadmium (Cd) in pharmaceutical effluents, agricultural soil and vegetables (Pumpkin, Green Chilli and Spinach) in Sahiwal Region, Punjab, Pakistan, where many pharmaceutical industries producing effluents that contain toxic metals, reagents, organic compounds and catalyst. These pharmaceutical effluents are being used for irrigation purpose. Different samples of efflents, soil and vegitables analysed. Though the detected amounts are exceeded from WHO irrigation limits in water samples other than zinc. The analysis of soil sample showed that All metals were exceeding the controlled sample and WHO limits. The testing in vegetables samples showed that all the metals exceeded the permissible limit other than Fe and it was concluded that agricultural soil and vegetables of small industrial estate area of Sahiwal region were contaminated by increasing concentration of toxic metals due to untreated pharmaceutical effluents. There is a need of regular monitoring of pharmaceutiocal effluents enterimg into irrigation water sources in order to save quality of vegatables and health hazards.

Published in	Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11
Page(s)	45-50
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pharmaceutical Effluents, Soil, Vegetables, Toxic Metals

References

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APA Style

Muhammad Nasir Javed, Sami Ullah, Abid Ali, Muhammad Zeshan, Kanwal Shehzadi, et al. (2020). Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Chemical. Composition of Various Vegetables in Sahiwal Region Punjab, Pakistan. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 5(2), 45-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11

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ACS Style

Muhammad Nasir Javed; Sami Ullah; Abid Ali; Muhammad Zeshan; Kanwal Shehzadi, et al. Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Chemical. Composition of Various Vegetables in Sahiwal Region Punjab, Pakistan. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 2020, 5(2), 45-50. doi: 10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11

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AMA Style

Muhammad Nasir Javed, Sami Ullah, Abid Ali, Muhammad Zeshan, Kanwal Shehzadi, et al. Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Chemical. Composition of Various Vegetables in Sahiwal Region Punjab, Pakistan. Chem Biomol Eng. 2020;5(2):45-50. doi: 10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11

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@article{10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11,
  author = {Muhammad Nasir Javed and Sami Ullah and Abid Ali and Muhammad Zeshan and Kanwal Shehzadi and Muhammad Khalid},
  title = {Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Chemical. Composition of Various Vegetables in Sahiwal Region Punjab, Pakistan},
  journal = {Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {45-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cbe.20200502.11},
  abstract = {The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of toxic metals such as Lead (pb), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe) and Cadmium (Cd) in pharmaceutical effluents, agricultural soil and vegetables (Pumpkin, Green Chilli and Spinach) in Sahiwal Region, Punjab, Pakistan, where many pharmaceutical industries producing effluents that contain toxic metals, reagents, organic compounds and catalyst. These pharmaceutical effluents are being used for irrigation purpose. Different samples of efflents, soil and vegitables analysed. Though the detected amounts are exceeded from WHO irrigation limits in water samples other than zinc. The analysis of soil sample showed that All metals were exceeding the controlled sample and WHO limits. The testing in vegetables samples showed that all the metals exceeded the permissible limit other than Fe and it was concluded that agricultural soil and vegetables of small industrial estate area of Sahiwal region were contaminated by increasing concentration of toxic metals due to untreated pharmaceutical effluents. There is a need of regular monitoring of pharmaceutiocal effluents enterimg into irrigation water sources in order to save quality of vegatables and health hazards.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Chemical. Composition of Various Vegetables in Sahiwal Region Punjab, Pakistan
AU  - Muhammad Nasir Javed
AU  - Sami Ullah
AU  - Abid Ali
AU  - Muhammad Zeshan
AU  - Kanwal Shehzadi
AU  - Muhammad Khalid
Y1  - 2020/05/28
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11
T2  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
JF  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
JO  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
SP  - 45
EP  - 50
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8884
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of toxic metals such as Lead (pb), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe) and Cadmium (Cd) in pharmaceutical effluents, agricultural soil and vegetables (Pumpkin, Green Chilli and Spinach) in Sahiwal Region, Punjab, Pakistan, where many pharmaceutical industries producing effluents that contain toxic metals, reagents, organic compounds and catalyst. These pharmaceutical effluents are being used for irrigation purpose. Different samples of efflents, soil and vegitables analysed. Though the detected amounts are exceeded from WHO irrigation limits in water samples other than zinc. The analysis of soil sample showed that All metals were exceeding the controlled sample and WHO limits. The testing in vegetables samples showed that all the metals exceeded the permissible limit other than Fe and it was concluded that agricultural soil and vegetables of small industrial estate area of Sahiwal region were contaminated by increasing concentration of toxic metals due to untreated pharmaceutical effluents. There is a need of regular monitoring of pharmaceutiocal effluents enterimg into irrigation water sources in order to save quality of vegatables and health hazards.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Muhammad Nasir Javed

Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Sami Ullah

Department of Chemistry, University of Lahore Sargodha Campus, Punjab, Pakistan
Abid Ali

Department of Chemistry, University of Lahore Sargodha Campus, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Zeshan

Department of Chemistry, University of Lahore Sargodha Campus, Punjab, Pakistan
Kanwal Shehzadi

Department of Chemistary Govt.Post Graduate College Samnabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Khalid

Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

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APA Style

Muhammad Nasir Javed, Sami Ullah, Abid Ali, Muhammad Zeshan, Kanwal Shehzadi, et al. (2020). Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Chemical. Composition of Various Vegetables in Sahiwal Region Punjab, Pakistan. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 5(2), 45-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11

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ACS Style

Muhammad Nasir Javed; Sami Ullah; Abid Ali; Muhammad Zeshan; Kanwal Shehzadi, et al. Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Chemical. Composition of Various Vegetables in Sahiwal Region Punjab, Pakistan. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 2020, 5(2), 45-50. doi: 10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11

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AMA Style

Muhammad Nasir Javed, Sami Ullah, Abid Ali, Muhammad Zeshan, Kanwal Shehzadi, et al. Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Chemical. Composition of Various Vegetables in Sahiwal Region Punjab, Pakistan. Chem Biomol Eng. 2020;5(2):45-50. doi: 10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11

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@article{10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11,
  author = {Muhammad Nasir Javed and Sami Ullah and Abid Ali and Muhammad Zeshan and Kanwal Shehzadi and Muhammad Khalid},
  title = {Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Chemical. Composition of Various Vegetables in Sahiwal Region Punjab, Pakistan},
  journal = {Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {45-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cbe.20200502.11},
  abstract = {The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of toxic metals such as Lead (pb), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe) and Cadmium (Cd) in pharmaceutical effluents, agricultural soil and vegetables (Pumpkin, Green Chilli and Spinach) in Sahiwal Region, Punjab, Pakistan, where many pharmaceutical industries producing effluents that contain toxic metals, reagents, organic compounds and catalyst. These pharmaceutical effluents are being used for irrigation purpose. Different samples of efflents, soil and vegitables analysed. Though the detected amounts are exceeded from WHO irrigation limits in water samples other than zinc. The analysis of soil sample showed that All metals were exceeding the controlled sample and WHO limits. The testing in vegetables samples showed that all the metals exceeded the permissible limit other than Fe and it was concluded that agricultural soil and vegetables of small industrial estate area of Sahiwal region were contaminated by increasing concentration of toxic metals due to untreated pharmaceutical effluents. There is a need of regular monitoring of pharmaceutiocal effluents enterimg into irrigation water sources in order to save quality of vegatables and health hazards.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Chemical. Composition of Various Vegetables in Sahiwal Region Punjab, Pakistan
AU  - Muhammad Nasir Javed
AU  - Sami Ullah
AU  - Abid Ali
AU  - Muhammad Zeshan
AU  - Kanwal Shehzadi
AU  - Muhammad Khalid
Y1  - 2020/05/28
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11
T2  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
JF  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
JO  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
SP  - 45
EP  - 50
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8884
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20200502.11
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of toxic metals such as Lead (pb), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe) and Cadmium (Cd) in pharmaceutical effluents, agricultural soil and vegetables (Pumpkin, Green Chilli and Spinach) in Sahiwal Region, Punjab, Pakistan, where many pharmaceutical industries producing effluents that contain toxic metals, reagents, organic compounds and catalyst. These pharmaceutical effluents are being used for irrigation purpose. Different samples of efflents, soil and vegitables analysed. Though the detected amounts are exceeded from WHO irrigation limits in water samples other than zinc. The analysis of soil sample showed that All metals were exceeding the controlled sample and WHO limits. The testing in vegetables samples showed that all the metals exceeded the permissible limit other than Fe and it was concluded that agricultural soil and vegetables of small industrial estate area of Sahiwal region were contaminated by increasing concentration of toxic metals due to untreated pharmaceutical effluents. There is a need of regular monitoring of pharmaceutiocal effluents enterimg into irrigation water sources in order to save quality of vegatables and health hazards.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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