Studies on Prevalence, Co-Infection and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Benue State, Nigeria

Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga; Christian Ukuoma Iroegbu; Anthony Chibuogwu Ike; Godwin Terver Aondohemba Jombo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21

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Studies on Prevalence, Co-Infection and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Benue State, Nigeria

Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga, Christian Ukuoma Iroegbu, Anthony Chibuogwu Ike, Godwin Terver Aondohemba Jombo

Received: 16 October 2014 Accepted: 31 October 2014 Published: 20 November 2014

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Abstract

The Benue State of Nigeria is one of the regions in sub-Saharan Africa facing rising morbidity and mortality, among adult individuals, from HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. This study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HIV singly and concomitantly and to determine the influence of some risk factors on the spread of HBV and HIV in some study groups in Benue State. A total of 1535 serum samples was drawn randomly from consented volunteered participants and analyzed by ELISA for HBsAg. Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 were detected in sera using Determine and HIV1/2 Stat Pak test strips. One hundred and eighty four (12.0%) had HBV current infection, 244 (15.9%) had HIV but 42 (2.7%) had both HBV and HIV infections. The two infections were strongly associated with each other (P=0.006) and each infection had a significant relationship with the groups studied (P=0.001 and P=0.000 for HBV and HIV respectively). Our study identifies the drivers of HIV infection in Benue State to include, being a divorcee/having a separated marriage (P=0.000), Alcoholism (P=0.007), smoking (P=0.000), blood transfusion (P=0.000) or surgery (P=0.001). Awareness of the occurrence of HIV infection was inversely associated (P=0.000) with the prevalence of HIV infection in the study area. Hence, there is need to upgrade the status of medical facilities especially in rural hospitals as well as the personnel towards safer blood transfusions. In addition, programmes targeting behavioural change should not be restricted to major town but should reach the hinterlands.

DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21
Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014)
Page(s)	569-576
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

HBV, HIV, Co-Infections, Risk Factors, Benue State, Nigeria

References

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APA Style

Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga, Christian Ukuoma Iroegbu, Anthony Chibuogwu Ike, Godwin Terver Aondohemba Jombo. (2014). Studies on Prevalence, Co-Infection and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Benue State, Nigeria. Science Journal of Public Health, 2(6), 569-576. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21

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ACS Style

Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga; Christian Ukuoma Iroegbu; Anthony Chibuogwu Ike; Godwin Terver Aondohemba Jombo. Studies on Prevalence, Co-Infection and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Benue State, Nigeria. Sci. J. Public Health 2014, 2(6), 569-576. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21

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AMA Style

Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga, Christian Ukuoma Iroegbu, Anthony Chibuogwu Ike, Godwin Terver Aondohemba Jombo. Studies on Prevalence, Co-Infection and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Benue State, Nigeria. Sci J Public Health. 2014;2(6):569-576. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21,
  author = {Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga and Christian Ukuoma Iroegbu and Anthony Chibuogwu Ike and Godwin Terver Aondohemba Jombo},
  title = {Studies on Prevalence, Co-Infection and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Benue State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {569-576},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20140206.21},
  abstract = {The Benue State of Nigeria is one of the regions in sub-Saharan Africa facing rising morbidity and mortality, among adult individuals, from HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. This study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HIV singly and concomitantly and to determine the influence of some risk factors on the spread of HBV and HIV in some study groups in Benue State. A total of 1535 serum samples was drawn randomly from consented volunteered participants and analyzed by ELISA for HBsAg. Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 were detected in sera using Determine and HIV1/2 Stat Pak test strips. One hundred and eighty four (12.0%) had HBV current infection, 244 (15.9%) had HIV but 42 (2.7%) had both HBV and HIV infections. The two infections were strongly associated with each other (P=0.006) and each infection had a significant relationship with the groups studied (P=0.001 and P=0.000 for HBV and HIV respectively). Our study identifies the drivers of HIV infection in Benue State to include, being a divorcee/having a separated marriage (P=0.000), Alcoholism (P=0.007), smoking (P=0.000), blood transfusion (P=0.000) or surgery (P=0.001). Awareness of the occurrence of HIV infection was inversely associated (P=0.000) with the prevalence of HIV infection in the study area. Hence, there is need to upgrade the status of medical facilities especially in rural hospitals as well as the personnel towards safer blood transfusions. In addition, programmes targeting behavioural change should not be restricted to major town but should reach the hinterlands.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Studies on Prevalence, Co-Infection and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Benue State, Nigeria
AU  - Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga
AU  - Christian Ukuoma Iroegbu
AU  - Anthony Chibuogwu Ike
AU  - Godwin Terver Aondohemba Jombo
Y1  - 2014/11/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 569
EP  - 576
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21
AB  - The Benue State of Nigeria is one of the regions in sub-Saharan Africa facing rising morbidity and mortality, among adult individuals, from HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. This study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HIV singly and concomitantly and to determine the influence of some risk factors on the spread of HBV and HIV in some study groups in Benue State. A total of 1535 serum samples was drawn randomly from consented volunteered participants and analyzed by ELISA for HBsAg. Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 were detected in sera using Determine and HIV1/2 Stat Pak test strips. One hundred and eighty four (12.0%) had HBV current infection, 244 (15.9%) had HIV but 42 (2.7%) had both HBV and HIV infections. The two infections were strongly associated with each other (P=0.006) and each infection had a significant relationship with the groups studied (P=0.001 and P=0.000 for HBV and HIV respectively). Our study identifies the drivers of HIV infection in Benue State to include, being a divorcee/having a separated marriage (P=0.000), Alcoholism (P=0.007), smoking (P=0.000), blood transfusion (P=0.000) or surgery (P=0.001). Awareness of the occurrence of HIV infection was inversely associated (P=0.000) with the prevalence of HIV infection in the study area. Hence, there is need to upgrade the status of medical facilities especially in rural hospitals as well as the personnel towards safer blood transfusions. In addition, programmes targeting behavioural change should not be restricted to major town but should reach the hinterlands.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga

Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria
Christian Ukuoma Iroegbu

Department of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Anthony Chibuogwu Ike

Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
Godwin Terver Aondohemba Jombo

Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria

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Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga, Christian Ukuoma Iroegbu, Anthony Chibuogwu Ike, Godwin Terver Aondohemba Jombo. (2014). Studies on Prevalence, Co-Infection and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Benue State, Nigeria. Science Journal of Public Health, 2(6), 569-576. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21

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ACS Style

Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga; Christian Ukuoma Iroegbu; Anthony Chibuogwu Ike; Godwin Terver Aondohemba Jombo. Studies on Prevalence, Co-Infection and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Benue State, Nigeria. Sci. J. Public Health 2014, 2(6), 569-576. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21

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AMA Style

Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga, Christian Ukuoma Iroegbu, Anthony Chibuogwu Ike, Godwin Terver Aondohemba Jombo. Studies on Prevalence, Co-Infection and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Benue State, Nigeria. Sci J Public Health. 2014;2(6):569-576. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21,
  author = {Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga and Christian Ukuoma Iroegbu and Anthony Chibuogwu Ike and Godwin Terver Aondohemba Jombo},
  title = {Studies on Prevalence, Co-Infection and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Benue State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {569-576},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20140206.21},
  abstract = {The Benue State of Nigeria is one of the regions in sub-Saharan Africa facing rising morbidity and mortality, among adult individuals, from HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. This study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HIV singly and concomitantly and to determine the influence of some risk factors on the spread of HBV and HIV in some study groups in Benue State. A total of 1535 serum samples was drawn randomly from consented volunteered participants and analyzed by ELISA for HBsAg. Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 were detected in sera using Determine and HIV1/2 Stat Pak test strips. One hundred and eighty four (12.0%) had HBV current infection, 244 (15.9%) had HIV but 42 (2.7%) had both HBV and HIV infections. The two infections were strongly associated with each other (P=0.006) and each infection had a significant relationship with the groups studied (P=0.001 and P=0.000 for HBV and HIV respectively). Our study identifies the drivers of HIV infection in Benue State to include, being a divorcee/having a separated marriage (P=0.000), Alcoholism (P=0.007), smoking (P=0.000), blood transfusion (P=0.000) or surgery (P=0.001). Awareness of the occurrence of HIV infection was inversely associated (P=0.000) with the prevalence of HIV infection in the study area. Hence, there is need to upgrade the status of medical facilities especially in rural hospitals as well as the personnel towards safer blood transfusions. In addition, programmes targeting behavioural change should not be restricted to major town but should reach the hinterlands.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Studies on Prevalence, Co-Infection and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Benue State, Nigeria
AU  - Emmanuel Msugh Mbaawuaga
AU  - Christian Ukuoma Iroegbu
AU  - Anthony Chibuogwu Ike
AU  - Godwin Terver Aondohemba Jombo
Y1  - 2014/11/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 569
EP  - 576
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140206.21
AB  - The Benue State of Nigeria is one of the regions in sub-Saharan Africa facing rising morbidity and mortality, among adult individuals, from HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. This study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HIV singly and concomitantly and to determine the influence of some risk factors on the spread of HBV and HIV in some study groups in Benue State. A total of 1535 serum samples was drawn randomly from consented volunteered participants and analyzed by ELISA for HBsAg. Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 were detected in sera using Determine and HIV1/2 Stat Pak test strips. One hundred and eighty four (12.0%) had HBV current infection, 244 (15.9%) had HIV but 42 (2.7%) had both HBV and HIV infections. The two infections were strongly associated with each other (P=0.006) and each infection had a significant relationship with the groups studied (P=0.001 and P=0.000 for HBV and HIV respectively). Our study identifies the drivers of HIV infection in Benue State to include, being a divorcee/having a separated marriage (P=0.000), Alcoholism (P=0.007), smoking (P=0.000), blood transfusion (P=0.000) or surgery (P=0.001). Awareness of the occurrence of HIV infection was inversely associated (P=0.000) with the prevalence of HIV infection in the study area. Hence, there is need to upgrade the status of medical facilities especially in rural hospitals as well as the personnel towards safer blood transfusions. In addition, programmes targeting behavioural change should not be restricted to major town but should reach the hinterlands.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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