American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

| Peer-Reviewed |

Protective Effect of Cocoa Seeds Extract Application on PCNA Expression in Albino Mice Receiving DMBA Exposure

Received: 28 February 2017    Accepted: 24 March 2017    Published: 02 June 2017
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Skin cancer incidence is directly proportional to malignancies in other organs and represents a health problem. This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of topical cocoa extract application on PCNA expression in mice receiving DMBA exposure. This study was conducted in Animal Laboratory for DMBA administration and cocoa extract application, Bimolecular Laboratory of Hasanuddin University as the location of ELISA evaluation. The study used animal experimental method with pure experimental design to find out the role of topical cocoa seeds extract on the skin of mice receiving DMBA application in one week. Twenty mice were divided into 4 treatment groups: first group was control without skin protector, second group with ethanol application, third group with topical cocoa extract application 400 ppm, and fourth group was treated with 800 ppm topical cocoa with 100 ug DMBA exposure three times per week. After one week the treatment was terminated and skin biopsy was excised for PCNA expression evaluation using ELISA. Study findings indicate that 400 ppm and 800 ppm topical cocoa extract had a protective effect on PCNA expression with 400 ppm as the most effective dose.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajcem.20170504.11
Published in American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017)
Page(s) 102-107
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

DMBA, Cocoa Extract, PCNA

References
[1] Wei, H., Saladi, R., Lu, Y., Wang, Y., Palep, S. R., Moore, J., Phelps, R., Shyong, E. & Lebwohl, M. G., Isoflavone Genistein: Photoprotection and Clinical Implications in Dermatology. J Nutr, 2003. 133: p.3811S-9S.
[2] Nigam, N. & Shukla, Y., Preventive effects of diallyl sulfide on 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced DNA alkylation damage in mouse skin. Mol Nutr Food Res, 2007. 51: p. 1324-28.
[3] Hafner, C., Hartmann, A., Oerss, J. M., Stoehr, R., Zwarthoff, E. C., Hofstaedter, F., Landthaler, M., Vogt, T. FGFR3 Mutations in SebortheicKeratoses are already present in flat lesions and associated with age and localization. Modern Pathology, 2007. 20: p.895-03.
[4] Sularsito, S. A., Etiologi dan Patogenesis Kanker Kulit dalam Cipto, H., Pratomo, U. S., Handayani, I., & Sukarata, K., (Eds). Deteksi dan Penatalaksanaan Kanker Kulit Dini, Jakarta: FK-UI. 2001.
[5] Muchtar, S. V., Iskandar, F., Amiruddin, M. D., Basal Cell Carcinoma at Dermatovenereology Clinic Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital Makassar. Jogjakarta: SEAWPIT. 2000.
[6] Dulgosz, A. A. & Yuspa, S. H. Carcinogenesis: Chemical. in Wolff, K., Goldsmith, L. A., Katz, S. I., Gilchrest, B. A., Paller, A. S. & Leffel, D. J. (Eds.) Fitzpatrick`s Dermatology in General Medicine. 7 ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill. 2008.
[7] Meeran, S. M., Vaid, M., Punathil, T. & Katiyar, S., Dietary grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetatecausedskin tumor promotion in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated mouse skin, which is associated with the inhibition of inflammatory responses. Carcinogenesis, 2009. 30: p. 520-8.
[8] Yusuf, N., Nasti, T. H., Meleth, S. & Elmets, C. A., Resveratrol enhances cell-mediated immune response to DMBA through TLR4 and prevents DMBA induced cutaneous carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog, 2009. 48: p.713-23.
[9] Rastogi, S., Shukla, Y., Paul, B. N., Chodwuri, D. K., Khanna, S. K. & Das, M., Protective effect of Omicum sanctum on 3-methylcholanthrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and aflatoxin B1 induced skin tumorigenesis in mice. Toxic Pharmacol, 2007. 224: p. 228-40.
[10] Mcgrath, J. A., Eady, R. A. J. & Pope, F. M., Anatomy and Organization of Human Skin. In Burns, T., Breathnach, S., Cox, N. & Griffiths, C., (Eds.) Rook`s Textbook of Dermatology. Massachusetts, Blackwell. 2004.
[11] Filler, R. B., Roberts, S. J. & Girardi, M. Cutaneous Two-Stage Chemical Carcinogenesis. Protoc, 2007. 18: p.1-5.
[12] Aydin, H., Baran, A., Aktas, A., Demir, K., Sahin, E., Kayar, A., Pabuccuoglu, S. & Daglioglu, S. Effects of Soybean Extract and L-Tryptophan on 2,4-Dichlorophenol Induced Testicular Toxicity in Mice. J Animal Vet Adv, 2009. 8: p.774-8.
[13] Paunescu, T., Mittal, S., Protic, M., Oryhon, J., Korolev, S. V., Joachimiak, A. & Woloschak, E., Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA): ring master of the genome. Int J Radiat Biol, 2001. 77: p.107-21.
[14] El-Sherry, M. I., Zaher, M. A., Youssef, M. S. E. D. M. & El-Amir, Y. O. Green tea treatment of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) Skin Carcinogenesis in Mice. Cancer Therapy, 2007.5: p.301-8.
[15] Roomi, M. W., Roomi, N. W., Kalinovsky, T., Ivanov, V., Rath, M. & Niedzwiecki, A., Inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced skin tumors by a nutrient mixture. Med Oncol, 2008. 25: p. 333-40.
[16] Martin, M. A., Serrano, A. B. G., Ramos, S., et al, Protection of Human HepG2 Cells against Oxidative Stress by Cocoa Phenolic Extract. J. Agric. Food Chem, 2008. 56: p.7765-72.
[17] Baharum, Z., Akim, A. M., Hin, T. Y. Y., Hamid, R. A. & Kasran, R. Theobroma cacao: Review of the Extraction, Isolation, and Bioassay of Its Potential Anti-cancer Compounds. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 2016. 27(1): p. 21-42.
[18] Lewandowska, U., Gorlach, S., Owczarek, K., Hrabec, E., Szewczyk, K. Synergistic Interactions Between Anticancer Chemotherapeutics and Phenolic Compounds and Anticancer Synergy Between Polyphenols. PostepyHig Med Dosw, 2014. 68: p.528-40.
[19] Mushtaq, M. & Wani, S. M., Polyphenols and Human Health : A Review. Int J Pharm Bio Sci, 2013. 4(2): 338-60.
[20] Martin, M. A., Goya, L., Ramos, S., Preventive Effects of Cocoa and Cocoa Antioxidantsin Colon Cancer. Diseases, 2016. 4: p1-14.
[21] Cheng, H. C., Chien, H., Liao, C. H., Yang, Y. Y., Huang, S. Y. Carotenoids Suppressed Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen and Cyclin D1Expression in Oral Carcinogenic Models. J of Taipei Med Univ, 2011. 3: p.1-14.
[22] Wahab, S., Topical Application of Cocoa Extract As Protective From Skin Tumor After Exposure to Compound 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) Anthracene (DMBA) and 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate(TPA) in Albino Mice Study on Malondialdehyde (MDA), Expression of bcl-2 and Histopathology. Makassar: Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Hasanuddin. 2014.
[23] Adriani, A., Armin, S. A., Massi, M. N., Djawad, K. Protective Effects of Daily Topical Cocoa Extract to the Expression of 8-OHdG and PCNA on UVB-Exposed Albino Mice. Int J Biol Med Res, 2010. 5(4): p.4607-11.
[24] Anwar, C., Djawad, K., Anwar, A. I. Impact of Compound Administration Frequency 7, 12 Dimethylbenz(A) Anthracene (DMBA) On The Skin Tumour Formation Albino Mice After Administration of 12-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate. Makassar: Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Hasanuddin. 2013.
[25] Muchsin, D., Djawad, K., Mappiasse, A. A., The Impact of The Frequency of 7, 12- Dimethylbenz (A) Anthracene (DMBA) Administration On The Formation of Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma On The Skin of Albino Mice. Makassar: Program Pasca Sarjana Biomedik Universitas Hasanuddin. 2016.
Author Information
  • Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

  • Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

  • Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Junia Kirana, Khairuddin Djawad, Siswanto Wahab. (2017). Protective Effect of Cocoa Seeds Extract Application on PCNA Expression in Albino Mice Receiving DMBA Exposure. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 5(4), 102-107. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20170504.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Junia Kirana; Khairuddin Djawad; Siswanto Wahab. Protective Effect of Cocoa Seeds Extract Application on PCNA Expression in Albino Mice Receiving DMBA Exposure. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2017, 5(4), 102-107. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20170504.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Junia Kirana, Khairuddin Djawad, Siswanto Wahab. Protective Effect of Cocoa Seeds Extract Application on PCNA Expression in Albino Mice Receiving DMBA Exposure. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2017;5(4):102-107. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20170504.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20170504.11,
      author = {Junia Kirana and Khairuddin Djawad and Siswanto Wahab},
      title = {Protective Effect of Cocoa Seeds Extract Application on PCNA Expression in Albino Mice Receiving DMBA Exposure},
      journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
      volume = {5},
      number = {4},
      pages = {102-107},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20170504.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20170504.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20170504.11},
      abstract = {Skin cancer incidence is directly proportional to malignancies in other organs and represents a health problem. This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of topical cocoa extract application on PCNA expression in mice receiving DMBA exposure. This study was conducted in Animal Laboratory for DMBA administration and cocoa extract application, Bimolecular Laboratory of Hasanuddin University as the location of ELISA evaluation. The study used animal experimental method with pure experimental design to find out the role of topical cocoa seeds extract on the skin of mice receiving DMBA application in one week. Twenty mice were divided into 4 treatment groups: first group was control without skin protector, second group with ethanol application, third group with topical cocoa extract application 400 ppm, and fourth group was treated with 800 ppm topical cocoa with 100 ug DMBA exposure three times per week. After one week the treatment was terminated and skin biopsy was excised for PCNA expression evaluation using ELISA. Study findings indicate that 400 ppm and 800 ppm topical cocoa extract had a protective effect on PCNA expression with 400 ppm as the most effective dose.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Protective Effect of Cocoa Seeds Extract Application on PCNA Expression in Albino Mice Receiving DMBA Exposure
    AU  - Junia Kirana
    AU  - Khairuddin Djawad
    AU  - Siswanto Wahab
    Y1  - 2017/06/02
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20170504.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20170504.11
    T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
    JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
    JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
    SP  - 102
    EP  - 107
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8133
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20170504.11
    AB  - Skin cancer incidence is directly proportional to malignancies in other organs and represents a health problem. This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of topical cocoa extract application on PCNA expression in mice receiving DMBA exposure. This study was conducted in Animal Laboratory for DMBA administration and cocoa extract application, Bimolecular Laboratory of Hasanuddin University as the location of ELISA evaluation. The study used animal experimental method with pure experimental design to find out the role of topical cocoa seeds extract on the skin of mice receiving DMBA application in one week. Twenty mice were divided into 4 treatment groups: first group was control without skin protector, second group with ethanol application, third group with topical cocoa extract application 400 ppm, and fourth group was treated with 800 ppm topical cocoa with 100 ug DMBA exposure three times per week. After one week the treatment was terminated and skin biopsy was excised for PCNA expression evaluation using ELISA. Study findings indicate that 400 ppm and 800 ppm topical cocoa extract had a protective effect on PCNA expression with 400 ppm as the most effective dose.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections