The Role of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Protrusion of Cervical Intervertebral Discs in Adolescents

Abdullaev R. Ya.; Kalashnikov V. I.; Ibragimova K. N.; Mammadov I. G.; Abdullaev R. R.

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14

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The Role of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Protrusion of Cervical Intervertebral Discs in Adolescents

Abdullaev R. Ya., Kalashnikov V. I., Ibragimova K. N., Mammadov I. G., Abdullaev R. R.

Published in American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 5, Issue 5)

Received: 13 August 2017 Accepted: 25 August 2017 Published: 19 September 2017

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Abstract

Objective: To improve the efficiency of cervical intervertebral discs protrusion by determining the ultrasound biomarkers. Materials and Methods: The study included 72 healthy adolescents with normal intervertebral discs, 96 person with the degenerative changes in nucleus pulpous and 69 person with the disc protrusions. In axial section was performed the sagittal intervertebral disc and spinal canal sizes, the anterior dural space size, the width of spinal nerve canals. Results: The protrusion of the cervical discs in 11 (15,9±4,4%) cases was noted in children aged 13-14 years, in 21 (30,5±5,5%) - at 15-16 years and in 37 (53,6±6,0%) – at 17-18 years (p<0,01 and p<0,001 respectively). In 24 (34,8±5,7% ) cases, the protrusion was localized at the level of (34,8±5,7% ), in 16 (23,2±5,1%) - C4-C5, in 11 (15,9±4,4%) - at the level C6-C7, in 9 (13,0±4,0%) - at the level of C3-C4 respectively. In 26 (37,7±5,8%) cases the protrusion had paramedian, in 18 (26,1±5,3%) cases – median-paramedian, in 16 (23,2±5,1%) cases – median, in 6 (8,7±3,4) cases - circular, in 3 (4,3±2,4) cases – posterolateral localization. In healthy children without degenerative changes of the intervertebral discs, the average sagittal disc size is 15,4±0,98mm, in a group with a change of the nucleus pulpous – 16,1±1,07 mm, in a group with disc protrusion – 16,3±1,12mm, respectively. The parameters of average sagittal spinal size was 15,9±0,97mm, 15,2±1,04 mm, 14,1±0,87mm, respectively. The IVD/SC index was 0,97±0,05, 1,06±0,06, 1,16±0,07, respectively. The ADS was 3,7±0,45mm, 3,2±0,38mm, 2,1±0,26 mm, and ADS/SC – 0,23±0,026, 0,21±0,019, 0,15±0,017 respectively. Conclusions: In adolescents in the cervical spine, median-paramedian and paramedian protrusions are most commonly found, which are most often localized at the level of both C5-C6 and C4-C5. The greatest narrowing and deformation of the anterior dural space is observed by median and median-paramedian protrusions, and the spinal nerve canal - by posterolateral and paramedian protrusions.

Published in	American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 5, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14
Page(s)	176-180
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cervical Intervertebral Discs Protrusion, Spinal Canal, Ultrasound Diagnostics, Adolescents

References

[1]	Czervionke L. Degenerative disc disease. In: Czervionke L, Fenton D. Imaging Painful Spinal Disorders, 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011; Chapter 17.
[2]	De Bruin F, ter Horst S, van den Berg R, et al. Signal intensity loss of the intervertebral disc in the cervical spine of young patients on fluid sensitive. Skeletal Radiol. 2016; 45: 375-381.
[3]	Teraguchi M, Yoshimura N, Hashizume H, et al. Prevalence and distribution of intervertebral disc degeneration over the entire spine in a population-based cohort: the Wakayama Spine Study. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2014; 22(1): 104-10.
[4]	Robert E Windsor (2006). "Frequency of asymptomatic cervical disc protrusions". Cervical Disc Injuries. eMedicine. Retrieved 2008-02-27.].
[5]	Deftereos SN, et al. (April–June 2009). "Localisation of cervical spinal cord compression by TMS and MRI". Funct Neurol. 24 (2): 99–105. PMID 19775538.
[6]	Abdullaeiev R. Y., Khvisyuk A. N., Marchenko V. G. Ultrasonic tomography of the vertebral motor segment (book). Ukraine, Kharkov, "New word", 2008, 91p.
[7]	Smith J, Finnoff JT. Diagnostic and interventional musculoskeletal ultrasound: Part 1. Fundamentals. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2009; 1(1): 64-75. 2.
[8]	Cameron, MH. Physical Agents in Rehabilitation: From Research to Practice, 3rd edition. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA; 2009].
[9]	Javanshir K, Amiri M, Mohseni-Bandpei MA, Rezasoltani A, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. Ultrasonography of the cervical muscles: A critical review of the literature. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics. 2010; 33(8): 630-637]
[10]	Abdullaiev R. Y, Bubnov R. V., Mammadov I. G., Abdullaiev R. R. Ultrasonography of herniated lumbar discs for screening programs in the late childhood and teenage. EPMA Journal 2013, 5 (Suppl 1): A 164. doi: 10.1186/1878-5085-5-S1-A164
[11]	Spinal Ultrasonography. United Health care Commercial Medical Policy. Proprietary Information of United Health care. Copyright 2016 United HealthCare Services, Inc. Effective 08/01/2016.
[12]	The Association for Medical Ultrasound Official Statement Page. http://www.aium.org/publications/statements.aspx. Updated October 31, 2015. Accessed February 20, 2017].
[13]	Abdullaeiev R. Y., Khvisyuk A. N., Marchenko V. G. Echography in Neurology and Vertebrology (book). Ukraine, Kharkov, "Fact", 2017, 196p.

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Abdullaev R. Ya., Kalashnikov V. I., Ibragimova K. N., Mammadov I. G., Abdullaev R. R. (2017). The Role of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Protrusion of Cervical Intervertebral Discs in Adolescents. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 5(5), 176-180. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14

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Abdullaev R. Ya.; Kalashnikov V. I.; Ibragimova K. N.; Mammadov I. G.; Abdullaev R. R. The Role of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Protrusion of Cervical Intervertebral Discs in Adolescents. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2017, 5(5), 176-180. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14

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Abdullaev R. Ya., Kalashnikov V. I., Ibragimova K. N., Mammadov I. G., Abdullaev R. R. The Role of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Protrusion of Cervical Intervertebral Discs in Adolescents. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2017;5(5):176-180. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14,
  author = {Abdullaev R. Ya. and Kalashnikov V. I. and Ibragimova K. N. and Mammadov I. G. and Abdullaev R. R.},
  title = {The Role of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Protrusion of Cervical Intervertebral Discs in Adolescents},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {5},
  number = {5},
  pages = {176-180},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20170505.14},
  abstract = {Objective: To improve the efficiency of cervical intervertebral discs protrusion by determining the ultrasound biomarkers. Materials and Methods: The study included 72 healthy adolescents with normal intervertebral discs, 96 person with the degenerative changes in nucleus pulpous and 69 person with the disc protrusions. In axial section was performed the sagittal intervertebral disc and spinal canal sizes, the anterior dural space size, the width of spinal nerve canals. Results: The protrusion of the cervical discs in 11 (15,9±4,4%) cases was noted in children aged 13-14 years, in 21 (30,5±5,5%) - at 15-16 years and in 37 (53,6±6,0%) – at 17-18 years (p<0,01 and p<0,001 respectively). In 24 (34,8±5,7% ) cases, the protrusion was localized at the level of (34,8±5,7% ), in 16 (23,2±5,1%) - C4-C5, in 11 (15,9±4,4%) - at the level C6-C7, in 9 (13,0±4,0%) - at the level of C3-C4 respectively. In 26 (37,7±5,8%) cases the protrusion had paramedian, in 18 (26,1±5,3%) cases – median-paramedian, in 16 (23,2±5,1%) cases – median, in 6 (8,7±3,4) cases - circular, in 3 (4,3±2,4) cases – posterolateral localization. In healthy children without degenerative changes of the intervertebral discs, the average sagittal disc size is 15,4±0,98mm, in a group with a change of the nucleus pulpous – 16,1±1,07 mm, in a group with disc protrusion – 16,3±1,12mm, respectively. The parameters of average sagittal spinal size was 15,9±0,97mm, 15,2±1,04 mm, 14,1±0,87mm, respectively. The IVD/SC index was 0,97±0,05, 1,06±0,06, 1,16±0,07, respectively. The ADS was 3,7±0,45mm, 3,2±0,38mm, 2,1±0,26 mm, and ADS/SC – 0,23±0,026, 0,21±0,019, 0,15±0,017 respectively. Conclusions: In adolescents in the cervical spine, median-paramedian and paramedian protrusions are most commonly found, which are most often localized at the level of both C5-C6 and C4-C5. The greatest narrowing and deformation of the anterior dural space is observed by median and median-paramedian protrusions, and the spinal nerve canal - by posterolateral and paramedian protrusions.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Role of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Protrusion of Cervical Intervertebral Discs in Adolescents
AU  - Abdullaev R. Ya.
AU  - Kalashnikov V. I.
AU  - Ibragimova K. N.
AU  - Mammadov I. G.
AU  - Abdullaev R. R.
Y1  - 2017/09/19
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 176
EP  - 180
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14
AB  - Objective: To improve the efficiency of cervical intervertebral discs protrusion by determining the ultrasound biomarkers. Materials and Methods: The study included 72 healthy adolescents with normal intervertebral discs, 96 person with the degenerative changes in nucleus pulpous and 69 person with the disc protrusions. In axial section was performed the sagittal intervertebral disc and spinal canal sizes, the anterior dural space size, the width of spinal nerve canals. Results: The protrusion of the cervical discs in 11 (15,9±4,4%) cases was noted in children aged 13-14 years, in 21 (30,5±5,5%) - at 15-16 years and in 37 (53,6±6,0%) – at 17-18 years (p<0,01 and p<0,001 respectively). In 24 (34,8±5,7% ) cases, the protrusion was localized at the level of (34,8±5,7% ), in 16 (23,2±5,1%) - C4-C5, in 11 (15,9±4,4%) - at the level C6-C7, in 9 (13,0±4,0%) - at the level of C3-C4 respectively. In 26 (37,7±5,8%) cases the protrusion had paramedian, in 18 (26,1±5,3%) cases – median-paramedian, in 16 (23,2±5,1%) cases – median, in 6 (8,7±3,4) cases - circular, in 3 (4,3±2,4) cases – posterolateral localization. In healthy children without degenerative changes of the intervertebral discs, the average sagittal disc size is 15,4±0,98mm, in a group with a change of the nucleus pulpous – 16,1±1,07 mm, in a group with disc protrusion – 16,3±1,12mm, respectively. The parameters of average sagittal spinal size was 15,9±0,97mm, 15,2±1,04 mm, 14,1±0,87mm, respectively. The IVD/SC index was 0,97±0,05, 1,06±0,06, 1,16±0,07, respectively. The ADS was 3,7±0,45mm, 3,2±0,38mm, 2,1±0,26 mm, and ADS/SC – 0,23±0,026, 0,21±0,019, 0,15±0,017 respectively. Conclusions: In adolescents in the cervical spine, median-paramedian and paramedian protrusions are most commonly found, which are most often localized at the level of both C5-C6 and C4-C5. The greatest narrowing and deformation of the anterior dural space is observed by median and median-paramedian protrusions, and the spinal nerve canal - by posterolateral and paramedian protrusions.
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Abdullaev R. Ya.

Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Kalashnikov V. I.

Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Ibragimova K. N.

Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Mammadov I. G.

Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Abdullaev R. R.

Department of Radiology, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkiv, Ukraine

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Abdullaev R. Ya., Kalashnikov V. I., Ibragimova K. N., Mammadov I. G., Abdullaev R. R. (2017). The Role of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Protrusion of Cervical Intervertebral Discs in Adolescents. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 5(5), 176-180. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14

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ACS Style

Abdullaev R. Ya.; Kalashnikov V. I.; Ibragimova K. N.; Mammadov I. G.; Abdullaev R. R. The Role of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Protrusion of Cervical Intervertebral Discs in Adolescents. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2017, 5(5), 176-180. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14

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AMA Style

Abdullaev R. Ya., Kalashnikov V. I., Ibragimova K. N., Mammadov I. G., Abdullaev R. R. The Role of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Protrusion of Cervical Intervertebral Discs in Adolescents. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2017;5(5):176-180. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14,
  author = {Abdullaev R. Ya. and Kalashnikov V. I. and Ibragimova K. N. and Mammadov I. G. and Abdullaev R. R.},
  title = {The Role of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Protrusion of Cervical Intervertebral Discs in Adolescents},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {5},
  number = {5},
  pages = {176-180},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20170505.14},
  abstract = {Objective: To improve the efficiency of cervical intervertebral discs protrusion by determining the ultrasound biomarkers. Materials and Methods: The study included 72 healthy adolescents with normal intervertebral discs, 96 person with the degenerative changes in nucleus pulpous and 69 person with the disc protrusions. In axial section was performed the sagittal intervertebral disc and spinal canal sizes, the anterior dural space size, the width of spinal nerve canals. Results: The protrusion of the cervical discs in 11 (15,9±4,4%) cases was noted in children aged 13-14 years, in 21 (30,5±5,5%) - at 15-16 years and in 37 (53,6±6,0%) – at 17-18 years (p<0,01 and p<0,001 respectively). In 24 (34,8±5,7% ) cases, the protrusion was localized at the level of (34,8±5,7% ), in 16 (23,2±5,1%) - C4-C5, in 11 (15,9±4,4%) - at the level C6-C7, in 9 (13,0±4,0%) - at the level of C3-C4 respectively. In 26 (37,7±5,8%) cases the protrusion had paramedian, in 18 (26,1±5,3%) cases – median-paramedian, in 16 (23,2±5,1%) cases – median, in 6 (8,7±3,4) cases - circular, in 3 (4,3±2,4) cases – posterolateral localization. In healthy children without degenerative changes of the intervertebral discs, the average sagittal disc size is 15,4±0,98mm, in a group with a change of the nucleus pulpous – 16,1±1,07 mm, in a group with disc protrusion – 16,3±1,12mm, respectively. The parameters of average sagittal spinal size was 15,9±0,97mm, 15,2±1,04 mm, 14,1±0,87mm, respectively. The IVD/SC index was 0,97±0,05, 1,06±0,06, 1,16±0,07, respectively. The ADS was 3,7±0,45mm, 3,2±0,38mm, 2,1±0,26 mm, and ADS/SC – 0,23±0,026, 0,21±0,019, 0,15±0,017 respectively. Conclusions: In adolescents in the cervical spine, median-paramedian and paramedian protrusions are most commonly found, which are most often localized at the level of both C5-C6 and C4-C5. The greatest narrowing and deformation of the anterior dural space is observed by median and median-paramedian protrusions, and the spinal nerve canal - by posterolateral and paramedian protrusions.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Role of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Protrusion of Cervical Intervertebral Discs in Adolescents
AU  - Abdullaev R. Ya.
AU  - Kalashnikov V. I.
AU  - Ibragimova K. N.
AU  - Mammadov I. G.
AU  - Abdullaev R. R.
Y1  - 2017/09/19
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 176
EP  - 180
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20170505.14
AB  - Objective: To improve the efficiency of cervical intervertebral discs protrusion by determining the ultrasound biomarkers. Materials and Methods: The study included 72 healthy adolescents with normal intervertebral discs, 96 person with the degenerative changes in nucleus pulpous and 69 person with the disc protrusions. In axial section was performed the sagittal intervertebral disc and spinal canal sizes, the anterior dural space size, the width of spinal nerve canals. Results: The protrusion of the cervical discs in 11 (15,9±4,4%) cases was noted in children aged 13-14 years, in 21 (30,5±5,5%) - at 15-16 years and in 37 (53,6±6,0%) – at 17-18 years (p<0,01 and p<0,001 respectively). In 24 (34,8±5,7% ) cases, the protrusion was localized at the level of (34,8±5,7% ), in 16 (23,2±5,1%) - C4-C5, in 11 (15,9±4,4%) - at the level C6-C7, in 9 (13,0±4,0%) - at the level of C3-C4 respectively. In 26 (37,7±5,8%) cases the protrusion had paramedian, in 18 (26,1±5,3%) cases – median-paramedian, in 16 (23,2±5,1%) cases – median, in 6 (8,7±3,4) cases - circular, in 3 (4,3±2,4) cases – posterolateral localization. In healthy children without degenerative changes of the intervertebral discs, the average sagittal disc size is 15,4±0,98mm, in a group with a change of the nucleus pulpous – 16,1±1,07 mm, in a group with disc protrusion – 16,3±1,12mm, respectively. The parameters of average sagittal spinal size was 15,9±0,97mm, 15,2±1,04 mm, 14,1±0,87mm, respectively. The IVD/SC index was 0,97±0,05, 1,06±0,06, 1,16±0,07, respectively. The ADS was 3,7±0,45mm, 3,2±0,38mm, 2,1±0,26 mm, and ADS/SC – 0,23±0,026, 0,21±0,019, 0,15±0,017 respectively. Conclusions: In adolescents in the cervical spine, median-paramedian and paramedian protrusions are most commonly found, which are most often localized at the level of both C5-C6 and C4-C5. The greatest narrowing and deformation of the anterior dural space is observed by median and median-paramedian protrusions, and the spinal nerve canal - by posterolateral and paramedian protrusions.
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
ER  -

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