Development of the Stage Flow Relations for a Tropical Watershed

Shahram Khosrowpanah; Mark Alan Lander; Ujwalkumar Dashrath Patil

doi:doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11

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Development of the Stage Flow Relations for a Tropical Watershed

Shahram Khosrowpanah, Mark Alan Lander, Ujwalkumar Dashrath Patil

Published in Hydrology (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 16 August 2019 Accepted: 4 September 2019 Published: 19 September 2019

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Abstract

The effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants can permeate through the ground and become a major source of contaminant to ecosystems and water bodies. These toxic contaminants can transport and find a way to the ocean via underground streams harming the aquatic life and promoting algal blooms. This paper presents meteorological and hydrological data collection and analysis to better understand the characteristics of the effluent discharge from the wastewater treatment plant and receiving water in Toguan watershed on the Island of Guam so as to support future regulatory discussions regarding modification of permit conditions and/or water quality standards to achieve compliance. Hydrological data such as rainfall, turbidity and stream level were collected over a period of two years. Crossflow measurements for two stations, one downstream, the other upstream of the effluent discharge point were collected bi-weekly, except at times of very low flow or dangerously high storm runoff in the stream. To better understand the behavior of the Toguan River sub-watersheds, aerial photos were taken from a single-engine Cessna aircraft. By analyzing the collected hydrological data, the relationships among the stream level, volume discharge and rainfall, were developed. The manually collected crossflow data allowed for the calculation of a rating curve for the Toguan River. This effort was somewhat hampered by prolonged drought conditions during roughly half of the period of data collection that severely limited the amount of crossflow measurements taken at high stage heights. The continuous measurement of stream level and rainfall allowed for a more comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the stage height and rainfall. Finally, a complimentary stream stage height short-term prediction scheme was developed using a routing model, and refinements to the stream flow discharge curve using a simple model for open channel flow is also presented. A further benefit of the study was the establishment of a baseline for the hydrologic conditions of the Toguan watershed which can be used to assess changes related to any future improvements to the wastewater treatment plant operations or other significant developments within this watershed.

Published in	Hydrology (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11
Page(s)	38-45
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Watershed, Hydrological Data, Turbidity, Stage Discharge Curve, Watershed Management Practices

References

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[2]	Garbowski, T., Wiśniewski, J., & Bawiec, A. (2018). Analysis and Assesment of the Wastewater Treatment Plant Operation in the City of Kłodzko. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 19 (2).
[3]	Kouloumbis, P., Rigas, F., & Mavridou, A. (2000). Environmental problems from the disposal of sewage sludge in Greece. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 10 (1), 77-83.
[4]	Wen, Y., Khosrowpanah, S., & Heitz, L. F. (2009). Watershed Land Cover Change in Guam. Water and Environmental Research Institute of the Western Pacific, University of Guam.
[5]	Hoot, W. (2018). Guam Coral Reef Initiative. 2018. Guam Coral Reef Resilience Strategy. 69 pp.
[6]	Shelton III, A. J., & Richmond, R. H. (2016). Watershed restoration as a tool for improving coral reef resilience against climate change and other human impacts. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 183, 430-437.
[7]	Brown and Caldwell (2018). Water resources master plan update volume 1 overview and fundamentals: final August 2018. Prepared for Guam Waterworks Authority, Mangilao, Guam by Brown and Caldwell, Guam, 440 pp.
[8]	Fang, X. (2000). The open channel flow calculator. Retrieved from https://www.eng.auburn.edu/~xzf0001/Handbook/Chan-nels.html.
[9]	Ferguson, R. I. (1987). Accuracy and precision of methods for estimating river loads. Earth surface processes and landforms, 12 (1), 95-104.
[10]	Baldassarre, G. D., & Montanari, A. (2009). Uncertainty in river discharge observations: a quantitative analysis. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 13 (6), 913-921.
[11]	Birkinshaw, S. J., Moore, P., Kilsby, C. G., O'donnell, G. M., Hardy, A. J., & Berry, P. A. M. (2014). Daily discharge estimation at ungauged river sites using remote sensing. Hydrological Processes, 28 (3), 1043-1054.
[12]	Moftakhari, H. R., Jay, D. A., & Talke, S. A. (2016). Estimating river discharge using multiple-tide gauges distributed along a channel. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 121 (4), 2078-2097.
[13]	Ettritch, Georgina, Andy Hardy, Landing Bojang, Dónall Cross, Peter Bunting, and Paul Brewer (2018). Enhancing digital elevation models for hydraulic modelling using flood frequency detection. Remote sensing of environment, 217: 506-522.
[14]	Mahmood, M. N., Schmidt, C., Fleckenstein, J. H., & Trauth, N. (2019). Modeling the Impact of Stream Discharge Events on Riparian Solute Dynamics. Groundwater, 57 (1), 140-152.
[15]	Phillips, J. D. (2015). Hydrologic and geomorphic flow thresholds in the Lower Brazos River, Texas, USA. Hydrological sciences journal, 60 (9), 1631-1648.
[16]	Dobriyal, P., Badola, R., Tuboi, C., & Hussain, S. A. (2017). A review of methods for monitoring streamflow for sustainable water resource management. Applied Water Science, 7 (6), 2617-2628.

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APA Style

Shahram Khosrowpanah, Mark Alan Lander, Ujwalkumar Dashrath Patil. (2019). Development of the Stage Flow Relations for a Tropical Watershed. Hydrology, 7(3), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11

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ACS Style

Shahram Khosrowpanah; Mark Alan Lander; Ujwalkumar Dashrath Patil. Development of the Stage Flow Relations for a Tropical Watershed. Hydrology. 2019, 7(3), 38-45. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11

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AMA Style

Shahram Khosrowpanah, Mark Alan Lander, Ujwalkumar Dashrath Patil. Development of the Stage Flow Relations for a Tropical Watershed. Hydrology. 2019;7(3):38-45. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11

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@article{10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11,
  author = {Shahram Khosrowpanah and Mark Alan Lander and Ujwalkumar Dashrath Patil},
  title = {Development of the Stage Flow Relations for a Tropical Watershed},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {38-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hyd.20190703.11},
  abstract = {The effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants can permeate through the ground and become a major source of contaminant to ecosystems and water bodies. These toxic contaminants can transport and find a way to the ocean via underground streams harming the aquatic life and promoting algal blooms. This paper presents meteorological and hydrological data collection and analysis to better understand the characteristics of the effluent discharge from the wastewater treatment plant and receiving water in Toguan watershed on the Island of Guam so as to support future regulatory discussions regarding modification of permit conditions and/or water quality standards to achieve compliance. Hydrological data such as rainfall, turbidity and stream level were collected over a period of two years. Crossflow measurements for two stations, one downstream, the other upstream of the effluent discharge point were collected bi-weekly, except at times of very low flow or dangerously high storm runoff in the stream. To better understand the behavior of the Toguan River sub-watersheds, aerial photos were taken from a single-engine Cessna aircraft. By analyzing the collected hydrological data, the relationships among the stream level, volume discharge and rainfall, were developed. The manually collected crossflow data allowed for the calculation of a rating curve for the Toguan River. This effort was somewhat hampered by prolonged drought conditions during roughly half of the period of data collection that severely limited the amount of crossflow measurements taken at high stage heights. The continuous measurement of stream level and rainfall allowed for a more comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the stage height and rainfall. Finally, a complimentary stream stage height short-term prediction scheme was developed using a routing model, and refinements to the stream flow discharge curve using a simple model for open channel flow is also presented. A further benefit of the study was the establishment of a baseline for the hydrologic conditions of the Toguan watershed which can be used to assess changes related to any future improvements to the wastewater treatment plant operations or other significant developments within this watershed.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Development of the Stage Flow Relations for a Tropical Watershed
AU  - Shahram Khosrowpanah
AU  - Mark Alan Lander
AU  - Ujwalkumar Dashrath Patil
Y1  - 2019/09/19
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DO  - 10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7617
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AB  - The effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants can permeate through the ground and become a major source of contaminant to ecosystems and water bodies. These toxic contaminants can transport and find a way to the ocean via underground streams harming the aquatic life and promoting algal blooms. This paper presents meteorological and hydrological data collection and analysis to better understand the characteristics of the effluent discharge from the wastewater treatment plant and receiving water in Toguan watershed on the Island of Guam so as to support future regulatory discussions regarding modification of permit conditions and/or water quality standards to achieve compliance. Hydrological data such as rainfall, turbidity and stream level were collected over a period of two years. Crossflow measurements for two stations, one downstream, the other upstream of the effluent discharge point were collected bi-weekly, except at times of very low flow or dangerously high storm runoff in the stream. To better understand the behavior of the Toguan River sub-watersheds, aerial photos were taken from a single-engine Cessna aircraft. By analyzing the collected hydrological data, the relationships among the stream level, volume discharge and rainfall, were developed. The manually collected crossflow data allowed for the calculation of a rating curve for the Toguan River. This effort was somewhat hampered by prolonged drought conditions during roughly half of the period of data collection that severely limited the amount of crossflow measurements taken at high stage heights. The continuous measurement of stream level and rainfall allowed for a more comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the stage height and rainfall. Finally, a complimentary stream stage height short-term prediction scheme was developed using a routing model, and refinements to the stream flow discharge curve using a simple model for open channel flow is also presented. A further benefit of the study was the establishment of a baseline for the hydrologic conditions of the Toguan watershed which can be used to assess changes related to any future improvements to the wastewater treatment plant operations or other significant developments within this watershed.
VL  - 7
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Author Information

Shahram Khosrowpanah

School of Engineering, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam
Mark Alan Lander

Water and Environmental Research Institute, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam
Ujwalkumar Dashrath Patil

School of Engineering, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam

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APA Style

Shahram Khosrowpanah, Mark Alan Lander, Ujwalkumar Dashrath Patil. (2019). Development of the Stage Flow Relations for a Tropical Watershed. Hydrology, 7(3), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11

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ACS Style

Shahram Khosrowpanah; Mark Alan Lander; Ujwalkumar Dashrath Patil. Development of the Stage Flow Relations for a Tropical Watershed. Hydrology. 2019, 7(3), 38-45. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11

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AMA Style

Shahram Khosrowpanah, Mark Alan Lander, Ujwalkumar Dashrath Patil. Development of the Stage Flow Relations for a Tropical Watershed. Hydrology. 2019;7(3):38-45. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11

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@article{10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11,
  author = {Shahram Khosrowpanah and Mark Alan Lander and Ujwalkumar Dashrath Patil},
  title = {Development of the Stage Flow Relations for a Tropical Watershed},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {38-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hyd.20190703.11},
  abstract = {The effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants can permeate through the ground and become a major source of contaminant to ecosystems and water bodies. These toxic contaminants can transport and find a way to the ocean via underground streams harming the aquatic life and promoting algal blooms. This paper presents meteorological and hydrological data collection and analysis to better understand the characteristics of the effluent discharge from the wastewater treatment plant and receiving water in Toguan watershed on the Island of Guam so as to support future regulatory discussions regarding modification of permit conditions and/or water quality standards to achieve compliance. Hydrological data such as rainfall, turbidity and stream level were collected over a period of two years. Crossflow measurements for two stations, one downstream, the other upstream of the effluent discharge point were collected bi-weekly, except at times of very low flow or dangerously high storm runoff in the stream. To better understand the behavior of the Toguan River sub-watersheds, aerial photos were taken from a single-engine Cessna aircraft. By analyzing the collected hydrological data, the relationships among the stream level, volume discharge and rainfall, were developed. The manually collected crossflow data allowed for the calculation of a rating curve for the Toguan River. This effort was somewhat hampered by prolonged drought conditions during roughly half of the period of data collection that severely limited the amount of crossflow measurements taken at high stage heights. The continuous measurement of stream level and rainfall allowed for a more comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the stage height and rainfall. Finally, a complimentary stream stage height short-term prediction scheme was developed using a routing model, and refinements to the stream flow discharge curve using a simple model for open channel flow is also presented. A further benefit of the study was the establishment of a baseline for the hydrologic conditions of the Toguan watershed which can be used to assess changes related to any future improvements to the wastewater treatment plant operations or other significant developments within this watershed.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Development of the Stage Flow Relations for a Tropical Watershed
AU  - Shahram Khosrowpanah
AU  - Mark Alan Lander
AU  - Ujwalkumar Dashrath Patil
Y1  - 2019/09/19
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11
T2  - Hydrology
JF  - Hydrology
JO  - Hydrology
SP  - 38
EP  - 45
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7617
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20190703.11
AB  - The effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants can permeate through the ground and become a major source of contaminant to ecosystems and water bodies. These toxic contaminants can transport and find a way to the ocean via underground streams harming the aquatic life and promoting algal blooms. This paper presents meteorological and hydrological data collection and analysis to better understand the characteristics of the effluent discharge from the wastewater treatment plant and receiving water in Toguan watershed on the Island of Guam so as to support future regulatory discussions regarding modification of permit conditions and/or water quality standards to achieve compliance. Hydrological data such as rainfall, turbidity and stream level were collected over a period of two years. Crossflow measurements for two stations, one downstream, the other upstream of the effluent discharge point were collected bi-weekly, except at times of very low flow or dangerously high storm runoff in the stream. To better understand the behavior of the Toguan River sub-watersheds, aerial photos were taken from a single-engine Cessna aircraft. By analyzing the collected hydrological data, the relationships among the stream level, volume discharge and rainfall, were developed. The manually collected crossflow data allowed for the calculation of a rating curve for the Toguan River. This effort was somewhat hampered by prolonged drought conditions during roughly half of the period of data collection that severely limited the amount of crossflow measurements taken at high stage heights. The continuous measurement of stream level and rainfall allowed for a more comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the stage height and rainfall. Finally, a complimentary stream stage height short-term prediction scheme was developed using a routing model, and refinements to the stream flow discharge curve using a simple model for open channel flow is also presented. A further benefit of the study was the establishment of a baseline for the hydrologic conditions of the Toguan watershed which can be used to assess changes related to any future improvements to the wastewater treatment plant operations or other significant developments within this watershed.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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