The Effect of Compositions (PIONA) on the Octane Numbers of Environmental Gasolines of Reformate, Isomerate and Hydrocracked Naphtha Blends by Using GC

Nada Shedid Ali; Tarek Mohammad Aboul-Fotouh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17

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The Effect of Compositions (PIONA) on the Octane Numbers of Environmental Gasolines of Reformate, Isomerate and Hydrocracked Naphtha Blends by Using GC

Nada Shedid Ali, Tarek Mohammad Aboul-Fotouh

Published in International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 6)

Received: 5 October 2017 Accepted: 23 October 2017 Published: 7 December 2017

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Abstract

This paper will discuss the effect of compositions (PIONA) on the octane numbers of environmental gasolines of reformate, isomerate, and hydrocracked naphtha blends by using gas chromatography analyses. Six blends have been studied to produce environmental gasolines according to the European standard specifications of Euro 3, 4, 5, and 6. Moreover, the observation and evaluation of blends depend on how to reduce the aromatic content which causes many harms to the environment and thus other components must be taken into study. In addition, all blends have shown that iso-paraffins are with composition of more than 36 vol.% and these contribute to the production of high quality environmental gasolines. The results represent that blends 1 and 2 have 39.051 vol.% and 37.503 vol.% of aromatics respectively which allow the samples to lie within the specifications of Euro 3. Furthermore, blends 3 and 4 have 37.717 vol.% and 33.947 vol.% of aromatics respectively which allow the samples to lie within the specifications of Euro 4. In addition, the environmental gasoline blends 5 and 6 have 31.450 vol.% and 28.746 vol.% respectively of aromatics which match within the specifications of Euro 5 and 6 that represent the present specifications until 2020. Finally, all these blends are ready to be used in our country instead of the regular gasoline with Euro 2 specifications.

Published in	International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17
Page(s)	167-174
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Gas Chromatography Analyses, Environmental Gasolines, European Standard Specifications

References

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[2]	Albahri, T. A., Riazi, M. R., & Alqattan, A. A. (2002). Octane Number and Aniline Point of Petroleum Fuels. In 224th ACS National Meeting (pp. 710-711).
[3]	El-Bassiouny, A. A., Aboul-Fotouh, T. M., & Abdellatief, T. M. (2015). Upgrading the Commercial Gasoline A80 by Using Ethanol and Refinery Products. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 6 (8), 405-417.
[4]	Aboul –Fotouh, T. M., Mazen, O. A. & Ashour, I. (2017). Experimental Study on the Influence of Ethanol and Automotive Gasoline Blends. Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology, 8 (1), DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000318, USA.
[5]	El-Bassiouny, A. A., Aboul-Fotouh, T. M., & Abdellatief, T. M. (2015). Maximize the Production of Environmental, Clean and High Octane Number Gasoline-Ethanol Blends by using Refinery Products. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 6 (7), 1792-1803.
[6]	Aboul-Fotouh, T. M. & Hussein, M. S. (2016). Experimental Determination of Physicochemical Characteristics of New Environmental Gasoline, Ethanol and Isopropanol Blends. The 2016 Spring Meeting and 12th Global Congress on Process Safety of AIChE, Houston, TX, USA, № 443187.
[7]	Pasadakis, N., & Xekoukoulotakis, N. (2012). Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Crude Oils With Thermal Extraction Sampling. Petroleum Science and Technology, 25 (9), 1135-1142; London: Taylor & Francis.
[8]	Pavlova, A., & Ivanova, R. (2003). GC Methods for Quantitative Determination of Benzene in Gasoline. Acta Chromatographica, 215-225.
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[12]	Majid, A. H. (2010). Optical Study of Ethanol Gasoline Blends With or Without Heating. Malaysia: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG.
[13]	Carlos, A. (2012). The Blend Ethanol / Gasoline and Emission of Gases. Brazil: Santos Empresa de Pesquisa Energética, 33-55.
[14]	Menezes, E. W. (2006). Addition of an Azeotropic ETBE/Ethanol Mixture in Eurosuper-type gasolines. Elsevier, 2567–2577.
[15]	American Society for Testing and Materials (2016). Standard test method for research octane number of spark-ignition engine fuel. D2699-16.
[16]	American Society for Testing and Materials (2016). Standard test method for motor octane number of spark-ignition engine fuel. D2700-16.
[17]	American Society for Testing and Materials (2016). Standard Test Method for Gas Chromatography of Petroleum Products D6839-16.

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APA Style

Nada Shedid Ali, Tarek Mohammad Aboul-Fotouh. (2017). The Effect of Compositions (PIONA) on the Octane Numbers of Environmental Gasolines of Reformate, Isomerate and Hydrocracked Naphtha Blends by Using GC. International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering, 5(6), 167-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17

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ACS Style

Nada Shedid Ali; Tarek Mohammad Aboul-Fotouh. The Effect of Compositions (PIONA) on the Octane Numbers of Environmental Gasolines of Reformate, Isomerate and Hydrocracked Naphtha Blends by Using GC. Int. J. Oil Gas Coal Eng. 2017, 5(6), 167-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17

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AMA Style

Nada Shedid Ali, Tarek Mohammad Aboul-Fotouh. The Effect of Compositions (PIONA) on the Octane Numbers of Environmental Gasolines of Reformate, Isomerate and Hydrocracked Naphtha Blends by Using GC. Int J Oil Gas Coal Eng. 2017;5(6):167-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17,
  author = {Nada Shedid Ali and Tarek Mohammad Aboul-Fotouh},
  title = {The Effect of Compositions (PIONA) on the Octane Numbers of Environmental Gasolines of Reformate, Isomerate and Hydrocracked Naphtha Blends by Using GC},
  journal = {International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {167-174},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ogce.20170506.17},
  abstract = {This paper will discuss the effect of compositions (PIONA) on the octane numbers of environmental gasolines of reformate, isomerate, and hydrocracked naphtha blends by using gas chromatography analyses. Six blends have been studied to produce environmental gasolines according to the European standard specifications of Euro 3, 4, 5, and 6. Moreover, the observation and evaluation of blends depend on how to reduce the aromatic content which causes many harms to the environment and thus other components must be taken into study. In addition, all blends have shown that iso-paraffins are with composition of more than 36 vol.% and these contribute to the production of high quality environmental gasolines. The results represent that blends 1 and 2 have 39.051 vol.% and 37.503 vol.% of aromatics respectively which allow the samples to lie within the specifications of Euro 3. Furthermore, blends 3 and 4 have 37.717 vol.% and 33.947 vol.% of aromatics respectively which allow the samples to lie within the specifications of Euro 4. In addition, the environmental gasoline blends 5 and 6 have 31.450 vol.% and 28.746 vol.% respectively of aromatics which match within the specifications of Euro 5 and 6 that represent the present specifications until 2020. Finally, all these blends are ready to be used in our country instead of the regular gasoline with Euro 2 specifications.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effect of Compositions (PIONA) on the Octane Numbers of Environmental Gasolines of Reformate, Isomerate and Hydrocracked Naphtha Blends by Using GC
AU  - Nada Shedid Ali
AU  - Tarek Mohammad Aboul-Fotouh
Y1  - 2017/12/07
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17
T2  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
SP  - 167
EP  - 174
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17
AB  - This paper will discuss the effect of compositions (PIONA) on the octane numbers of environmental gasolines of reformate, isomerate, and hydrocracked naphtha blends by using gas chromatography analyses. Six blends have been studied to produce environmental gasolines according to the European standard specifications of Euro 3, 4, 5, and 6. Moreover, the observation and evaluation of blends depend on how to reduce the aromatic content which causes many harms to the environment and thus other components must be taken into study. In addition, all blends have shown that iso-paraffins are with composition of more than 36 vol.% and these contribute to the production of high quality environmental gasolines. The results represent that blends 1 and 2 have 39.051 vol.% and 37.503 vol.% of aromatics respectively which allow the samples to lie within the specifications of Euro 3. Furthermore, blends 3 and 4 have 37.717 vol.% and 33.947 vol.% of aromatics respectively which allow the samples to lie within the specifications of Euro 4. In addition, the environmental gasoline blends 5 and 6 have 31.450 vol.% and 28.746 vol.% respectively of aromatics which match within the specifications of Euro 5 and 6 that represent the present specifications until 2020. Finally, all these blends are ready to be used in our country instead of the regular gasoline with Euro 2 specifications.
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Nada Shedid Ali

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Shorouq City, Cairo, Egypt
Tarek Mohammad Aboul-Fotouh

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Shorouq City, Cairo, Egypt; Mining and Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

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APA Style

Nada Shedid Ali, Tarek Mohammad Aboul-Fotouh. (2017). The Effect of Compositions (PIONA) on the Octane Numbers of Environmental Gasolines of Reformate, Isomerate and Hydrocracked Naphtha Blends by Using GC. International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering, 5(6), 167-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17

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ACS Style

Nada Shedid Ali; Tarek Mohammad Aboul-Fotouh. The Effect of Compositions (PIONA) on the Octane Numbers of Environmental Gasolines of Reformate, Isomerate and Hydrocracked Naphtha Blends by Using GC. Int. J. Oil Gas Coal Eng. 2017, 5(6), 167-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17

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AMA Style

Nada Shedid Ali, Tarek Mohammad Aboul-Fotouh. The Effect of Compositions (PIONA) on the Octane Numbers of Environmental Gasolines of Reformate, Isomerate and Hydrocracked Naphtha Blends by Using GC. Int J Oil Gas Coal Eng. 2017;5(6):167-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17,
  author = {Nada Shedid Ali and Tarek Mohammad Aboul-Fotouh},
  title = {The Effect of Compositions (PIONA) on the Octane Numbers of Environmental Gasolines of Reformate, Isomerate and Hydrocracked Naphtha Blends by Using GC},
  journal = {International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {167-174},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ogce.20170506.17},
  abstract = {This paper will discuss the effect of compositions (PIONA) on the octane numbers of environmental gasolines of reformate, isomerate, and hydrocracked naphtha blends by using gas chromatography analyses. Six blends have been studied to produce environmental gasolines according to the European standard specifications of Euro 3, 4, 5, and 6. Moreover, the observation and evaluation of blends depend on how to reduce the aromatic content which causes many harms to the environment and thus other components must be taken into study. In addition, all blends have shown that iso-paraffins are with composition of more than 36 vol.% and these contribute to the production of high quality environmental gasolines. The results represent that blends 1 and 2 have 39.051 vol.% and 37.503 vol.% of aromatics respectively which allow the samples to lie within the specifications of Euro 3. Furthermore, blends 3 and 4 have 37.717 vol.% and 33.947 vol.% of aromatics respectively which allow the samples to lie within the specifications of Euro 4. In addition, the environmental gasoline blends 5 and 6 have 31.450 vol.% and 28.746 vol.% respectively of aromatics which match within the specifications of Euro 5 and 6 that represent the present specifications until 2020. Finally, all these blends are ready to be used in our country instead of the regular gasoline with Euro 2 specifications.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effect of Compositions (PIONA) on the Octane Numbers of Environmental Gasolines of Reformate, Isomerate and Hydrocracked Naphtha Blends by Using GC
AU  - Nada Shedid Ali
AU  - Tarek Mohammad Aboul-Fotouh
Y1  - 2017/12/07
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17
T2  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
SP  - 167
EP  - 174
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20170506.17
AB  - This paper will discuss the effect of compositions (PIONA) on the octane numbers of environmental gasolines of reformate, isomerate, and hydrocracked naphtha blends by using gas chromatography analyses. Six blends have been studied to produce environmental gasolines according to the European standard specifications of Euro 3, 4, 5, and 6. Moreover, the observation and evaluation of blends depend on how to reduce the aromatic content which causes many harms to the environment and thus other components must be taken into study. In addition, all blends have shown that iso-paraffins are with composition of more than 36 vol.% and these contribute to the production of high quality environmental gasolines. The results represent that blends 1 and 2 have 39.051 vol.% and 37.503 vol.% of aromatics respectively which allow the samples to lie within the specifications of Euro 3. Furthermore, blends 3 and 4 have 37.717 vol.% and 33.947 vol.% of aromatics respectively which allow the samples to lie within the specifications of Euro 4. In addition, the environmental gasoline blends 5 and 6 have 31.450 vol.% and 28.746 vol.% respectively of aromatics which match within the specifications of Euro 5 and 6 that represent the present specifications until 2020. Finally, all these blends are ready to be used in our country instead of the regular gasoline with Euro 2 specifications.
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
ER  -

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