UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change

Martin Hughes; Peter Pope; Jason Palmer; Peter Armitage

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11

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UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change

Martin Hughes, Peter Pope, Jason Palmer, Peter Armitage

Published in Science Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 15 August 2016 Accepted: 27 August 2016 Published: 13 September 2016

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Abstract

Cutting energy use in housing will play a key role in the UK’s efforts to reduce climate change emissions in line with international commitments. Much UK Government policy is based on modelling present and future emissions using assumptions from SAP, the Standard Assessment Procedure. This paper compares SAP-based modelling against measured gas consumption in 405 dwellings that were monitored in the Energy Follow-Up Survey, an extension of the English Housing Survey. The combined EFUS/EHS provides comprehensive information about space heating energy use for a sample of dwellings: detailed physical data, user behaviour, and measured energy use. Very poor model versus measurement agreement is observed at the individual dwelling level – the average difference is 45%. Much better agreement is observed when applying typical EFUS regimes of 20°C mean demand temperature, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months, and comparing average results. Comparisons for the 405 dwellings and an EFUS subset of 1,191 dwellings are both in agreement to within 2%, whilst average 2010 and 2011 sub-national estimates are in agreement to 3% of DUKES figures. The authors recommend changing SAP heating regimes to a mean demand temperature of 20°C, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months.

Published in	Science Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11
Page(s)	12-22
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Household Energy, Energy Model, Cambridge Housing Model, SAP, Green Deal, Energy Follow-up Survey

References

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APA Style

Martin Hughes, Peter Pope, Jason Palmer, Peter Armitage. (2016). UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change. Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 4(2), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11

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ACS Style

Martin Hughes; Peter Pope; Jason Palmer; Peter Armitage. UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change. Sci. J. Energy Eng. 2016, 4(2), 12-22. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11

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AMA Style

Martin Hughes, Peter Pope, Jason Palmer, Peter Armitage. UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change. Sci J Energy Eng. 2016;4(2):12-22. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11,
  author = {Martin Hughes and Peter Pope and Jason Palmer and Peter Armitage},
  title = {UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change},
  journal = {Science Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {12-22},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjee.20160402.11},
  abstract = {Cutting energy use in housing will play a key role in the UK’s efforts to reduce climate change emissions in line with international commitments. Much UK Government policy is based on modelling present and future emissions using assumptions from SAP, the Standard Assessment Procedure. This paper compares SAP-based modelling against measured gas consumption in 405 dwellings that were monitored in the Energy Follow-Up Survey, an extension of the English Housing Survey. The combined EFUS/EHS provides comprehensive information about space heating energy use for a sample of dwellings: detailed physical data, user behaviour, and measured energy use. Very poor model versus measurement agreement is observed at the individual dwelling level – the average difference is 45%. Much better agreement is observed when applying typical EFUS regimes of 20°C mean demand temperature, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months, and comparing average results. Comparisons for the 405 dwellings and an EFUS subset of 1,191 dwellings are both in agreement to within 2%, whilst average 2010 and 2011 sub-national estimates are in agreement to 3% of DUKES figures. The authors recommend changing SAP heating regimes to a mean demand temperature of 20°C, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change
AU  - Martin Hughes
AU  - Peter Pope
AU  - Jason Palmer
AU  - Peter Armitage
Y1  - 2016/09/13
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11
T2  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 12
EP  - 22
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8126
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11
AB  - Cutting energy use in housing will play a key role in the UK’s efforts to reduce climate change emissions in line with international commitments. Much UK Government policy is based on modelling present and future emissions using assumptions from SAP, the Standard Assessment Procedure. This paper compares SAP-based modelling against measured gas consumption in 405 dwellings that were monitored in the Energy Follow-Up Survey, an extension of the English Housing Survey. The combined EFUS/EHS provides comprehensive information about space heating energy use for a sample of dwellings: detailed physical data, user behaviour, and measured energy use. Very poor model versus measurement agreement is observed at the individual dwelling level – the average difference is 45%. Much better agreement is observed when applying typical EFUS regimes of 20°C mean demand temperature, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months, and comparing average results. Comparisons for the 405 dwellings and an EFUS subset of 1,191 dwellings are both in agreement to within 2%, whilst average 2010 and 2011 sub-national estimates are in agreement to 3% of DUKES figures. The authors recommend changing SAP heating regimes to a mean demand temperature of 20°C, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Martin Hughes

Cambridge Architectural Research, Cambridge, UK
Peter Pope

Cambridge Architectural Research, Cambridge, UK
Jason Palmer

Cambridge Architectural Research & Cambridge Energy, Cambridge, UK
Peter Armitage

SBP Ltd, London, UK

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Martin Hughes, Peter Pope, Jason Palmer, Peter Armitage. (2016). UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change. Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 4(2), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11

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ACS Style

Martin Hughes; Peter Pope; Jason Palmer; Peter Armitage. UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change. Sci. J. Energy Eng. 2016, 4(2), 12-22. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11

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AMA Style

Martin Hughes, Peter Pope, Jason Palmer, Peter Armitage. UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change. Sci J Energy Eng. 2016;4(2):12-22. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11,
  author = {Martin Hughes and Peter Pope and Jason Palmer and Peter Armitage},
  title = {UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change},
  journal = {Science Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {12-22},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjee.20160402.11},
  abstract = {Cutting energy use in housing will play a key role in the UK’s efforts to reduce climate change emissions in line with international commitments. Much UK Government policy is based on modelling present and future emissions using assumptions from SAP, the Standard Assessment Procedure. This paper compares SAP-based modelling against measured gas consumption in 405 dwellings that were monitored in the Energy Follow-Up Survey, an extension of the English Housing Survey. The combined EFUS/EHS provides comprehensive information about space heating energy use for a sample of dwellings: detailed physical data, user behaviour, and measured energy use. Very poor model versus measurement agreement is observed at the individual dwelling level – the average difference is 45%. Much better agreement is observed when applying typical EFUS regimes of 20°C mean demand temperature, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months, and comparing average results. Comparisons for the 405 dwellings and an EFUS subset of 1,191 dwellings are both in agreement to within 2%, whilst average 2010 and 2011 sub-national estimates are in agreement to 3% of DUKES figures. The authors recommend changing SAP heating regimes to a mean demand temperature of 20°C, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change
AU  - Martin Hughes
AU  - Peter Pope
AU  - Jason Palmer
AU  - Peter Armitage
Y1  - 2016/09/13
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11
T2  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 12
EP  - 22
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8126
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11
AB  - Cutting energy use in housing will play a key role in the UK’s efforts to reduce climate change emissions in line with international commitments. Much UK Government policy is based on modelling present and future emissions using assumptions from SAP, the Standard Assessment Procedure. This paper compares SAP-based modelling against measured gas consumption in 405 dwellings that were monitored in the Energy Follow-Up Survey, an extension of the English Housing Survey. The combined EFUS/EHS provides comprehensive information about space heating energy use for a sample of dwellings: detailed physical data, user behaviour, and measured energy use. Very poor model versus measurement agreement is observed at the individual dwelling level – the average difference is 45%. Much better agreement is observed when applying typical EFUS regimes of 20°C mean demand temperature, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months, and comparing average results. Comparisons for the 405 dwellings and an EFUS subset of 1,191 dwellings are both in agreement to within 2%, whilst average 2010 and 2011 sub-national estimates are in agreement to 3% of DUKES figures. The authors recommend changing SAP heating regimes to a mean demand temperature of 20°C, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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