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Cancer of the Penis: Clinical Features and Therapeutic Modalities in Senegalese Hospitals

Received: 14 October 2020    Accepted: 23 October 2020    Published: 4 November 2020
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Abstract

Background: Penile cancer is a rare malignancy in Senegal. This rarity is probably related to the fact that circumcision, which has a protective effect, is a common practice in childhood. Some of the known risk factors include uncircumcised status, chronic inflammatory conditions, and a history of condyloma acuminata, smoking, and possibly human papillomavirus exposure. It is a pathology in adults with a maximum incidence after the age of 50. In our practice penile cancer is most often diagnosed at an advanced stage or only a radical and mutilating treatment may be proposed. Aims: To describe the clinical and therapeutic features of penis cancer in Senegal. Patients and methods: we carried out a retrospective, descriptive, bicentric study, collecting the records of patients with penis cancer in the Urology-Andrology department of the Aristide Le Dantec University hospital and the military hospital of Ouakam between January 2010 and December 2019. Results: fourteen cases of penile cancer were diagnosed. The mean age was 53.2 years with extremes of 29 and 84 years, the average consultation time was 21 months. All patients were circumcised in childhood. The tumor was limited to the glans in 2 cases and involved the entire penis in 5 cases. Six patients had bilateral inguinal adenopathies. The histological type was squamous cell carcinoma in all cases with a predominance of grade 2 (8 cases). Patients were classified as cT3 (7 cases), cT2 (5 cases), cT4 (1 case) and cT1 (1 case). Treatment consisted of partial amputation of the penis (5 cases), emasculation and perineal urethrostomy (4 cases) total amputation and perineal urethrostomy (2 cases). Three patients had refused total penis amputation. The average length of follow-up was 26 months (4 and 72 months), 3 lymph nodes recurrences and 2 local recurrences were observed. Two patients died among the operated patients. Conclusion: Cancer of the penis is rare in Senegal. The delay in diagnosis explains the frequency of advanced forms which can only be treated by radical surgery.

Published in International Journal of Clinical Urology (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.21
Page(s) 81-84
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Penile Cancer, Diagnostic Delay, Penile Amputation

References
[1] Y. Sow, A. Thiam, B. Fall, M. Coulibali, A. Sarr, B. Diao et al. Cancer du pénis au Sénégal: aspects cliniques et thérapeutiques. Andrologie 2012; 22: 102-107.
[2] Gueye S. M., Diagne B. A, Ba M, Sylla C, Mensah A. Le cancer de la verge: aspects épidémiologiques et problèmes thérapeutiques au Sénégal. Med Afr Noire 1992; 39: 8–9.
[3] Figueiroa M N, Menezes M L N, Tavares L N, Maciel A F F, Gomes L. Profile of patients with penile neoplasms who have undergone penectomy. International Archive of Medecine 2017; 10: 223.
[4] Magoha G A O, Ngumi Z W W. Cancer of the penis at Kenyatta National Hospital. East Afr Med J. 2000; 77: 526–30.
[5] Chalya PL, Rambau PF, Masalu N, Simbila S. Ten-year surgical experiences with penile cancer at a tertiary care hospital in northwestern Tanzania: a retrospective study of 236 patients. World Journal of Surgical Oncology 2015; 13: 71.
[6] Ficarra V, Mofferdine A, Malossini G, Mobilio G. Comparaison de la qualité de vie des patients traités pour cancer épidermoïde de la verge par chirurgie ou radiothérapie. Prog Urol 1999; 9: 715-720.
[7] Rozan R, Albuisson E, Giraud B, Boiteux J P, Dauplat J. Epithéliomas de la verge traités par chirurgie. Prog Urol 1996; 6: 926-935.
[8] Luciano A F, Aguinaldo C N, Mario R, Stenio C. Z, Sampaio F J. B, Glina S. Epidemiologic Study on Penile Cancer in Brazil. International Braz J Urol 2008; 34 (5): 587-593.
[9] Sow M, Nkegoum B, Ama Moor VG, et al Les tumeurs du pénis au Cameroun: aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, anatomo-pathologiques et thérapeutiques. Ann Pathol 2006; 26: 299–301.
[10] Maden C, Baruah IK. Carcinogenic action of human smegma. Arch Pathol 1963; 75: 414-420.
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[16] Iborra F, Neuzillet Y, Méjean A, Lebret T. Métastase des cancers du pénis. Prog Urol 2008; 18 (Suppl 7): S 392–5.
[17] Rigaud J. Prise en charge des cancers du pénis. Prog Urol 2014; 13: 1238-42.
[18] Ornellas AA, Seixas AL, Marota A, Wisnescky A, Campos F, De Moraes JR. Surgical treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: retrospective analysis of 350 cases. J Urol. 1994; 151: 1244-9.
[19] Leijte JA, Hughes B, Graafland NM, et al. Two-center evaluation of dynamic sentinel node biopsy for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 3325-9.
[20] Sadeghi R, Gholami H, Zakavi SR, Kakhki VR, Tabasi KT, Horenblas S. Accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy for inguinal lymph node staging of penile squamous cell carcinoma: systematic review and meta- analysis of the literature. J Urol 2012; 187: 25-31.
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    Amath Thiam, Alioune Sarr, Ousmane Sow, Ndeye Aïssatou Bagayogo, Modou Ndiaye, et al. (2020). Cancer of the Penis: Clinical Features and Therapeutic Modalities in Senegalese Hospitals. International Journal of Clinical Urology, 4(2), 81-84. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.21

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    ACS Style

    Amath Thiam; Alioune Sarr; Ousmane Sow; Ndeye Aïssatou Bagayogo; Modou Ndiaye, et al. Cancer of the Penis: Clinical Features and Therapeutic Modalities in Senegalese Hospitals. Int. J. Clin. Urol. 2020, 4(2), 81-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.21

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    AMA Style

    Amath Thiam, Alioune Sarr, Ousmane Sow, Ndeye Aïssatou Bagayogo, Modou Ndiaye, et al. Cancer of the Penis: Clinical Features and Therapeutic Modalities in Senegalese Hospitals. Int J Clin Urol. 2020;4(2):81-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.21

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.21,
      author = {Amath Thiam and Alioune Sarr and Ousmane Sow and Ndeye Aïssatou Bagayogo and Modou Ndiaye and Babacar Sine and Cyrille Ze Ondo and Abdoulaye Ndiath and El Hadji Malick Diaw and Yaya Sow and Babacar Diao and Alain Khassim Ndoye},
      title = {Cancer of the Penis: Clinical Features and Therapeutic Modalities in Senegalese Hospitals},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical Urology},
      volume = {4},
      number = {2},
      pages = {81-84},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.21},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.21},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcu.20200402.21},
      abstract = {Background: Penile cancer is a rare malignancy in Senegal. This rarity is probably related to the fact that circumcision, which has a protective effect, is a common practice in childhood. Some of the known risk factors include uncircumcised status, chronic inflammatory conditions, and a history of condyloma acuminata, smoking, and possibly human papillomavirus exposure. It is a pathology in adults with a maximum incidence after the age of 50. In our practice penile cancer is most often diagnosed at an advanced stage or only a radical and mutilating treatment may be proposed. Aims: To describe the clinical and therapeutic features of penis cancer in Senegal. Patients and methods: we carried out a retrospective, descriptive, bicentric study, collecting the records of patients with penis cancer in the Urology-Andrology department of the Aristide Le Dantec University hospital and the military hospital of Ouakam between January 2010 and December 2019. Results: fourteen cases of penile cancer were diagnosed. The mean age was 53.2 years with extremes of 29 and 84 years, the average consultation time was 21 months. All patients were circumcised in childhood. The tumor was limited to the glans in 2 cases and involved the entire penis in 5 cases. Six patients had bilateral inguinal adenopathies. The histological type was squamous cell carcinoma in all cases with a predominance of grade 2 (8 cases). Patients were classified as cT3 (7 cases), cT2 (5 cases), cT4 (1 case) and cT1 (1 case). Treatment consisted of partial amputation of the penis (5 cases), emasculation and perineal urethrostomy (4 cases) total amputation and perineal urethrostomy (2 cases). Three patients had refused total penis amputation. The average length of follow-up was 26 months (4 and 72 months), 3 lymph nodes recurrences and 2 local recurrences were observed. Two patients died among the operated patients. Conclusion: Cancer of the penis is rare in Senegal. The delay in diagnosis explains the frequency of advanced forms which can only be treated by radical surgery.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Cancer of the Penis: Clinical Features and Therapeutic Modalities in Senegalese Hospitals
    AU  - Amath Thiam
    AU  - Alioune Sarr
    AU  - Ousmane Sow
    AU  - Ndeye Aïssatou Bagayogo
    AU  - Modou Ndiaye
    AU  - Babacar Sine
    AU  - Cyrille Ze Ondo
    AU  - Abdoulaye Ndiath
    AU  - El Hadji Malick Diaw
    AU  - Yaya Sow
    AU  - Babacar Diao
    AU  - Alain Khassim Ndoye
    Y1  - 2020/11/04
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.21
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.21
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
    SP  - 81
    EP  - 84
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-1355
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.21
    AB  - Background: Penile cancer is a rare malignancy in Senegal. This rarity is probably related to the fact that circumcision, which has a protective effect, is a common practice in childhood. Some of the known risk factors include uncircumcised status, chronic inflammatory conditions, and a history of condyloma acuminata, smoking, and possibly human papillomavirus exposure. It is a pathology in adults with a maximum incidence after the age of 50. In our practice penile cancer is most often diagnosed at an advanced stage or only a radical and mutilating treatment may be proposed. Aims: To describe the clinical and therapeutic features of penis cancer in Senegal. Patients and methods: we carried out a retrospective, descriptive, bicentric study, collecting the records of patients with penis cancer in the Urology-Andrology department of the Aristide Le Dantec University hospital and the military hospital of Ouakam between January 2010 and December 2019. Results: fourteen cases of penile cancer were diagnosed. The mean age was 53.2 years with extremes of 29 and 84 years, the average consultation time was 21 months. All patients were circumcised in childhood. The tumor was limited to the glans in 2 cases and involved the entire penis in 5 cases. Six patients had bilateral inguinal adenopathies. The histological type was squamous cell carcinoma in all cases with a predominance of grade 2 (8 cases). Patients were classified as cT3 (7 cases), cT2 (5 cases), cT4 (1 case) and cT1 (1 case). Treatment consisted of partial amputation of the penis (5 cases), emasculation and perineal urethrostomy (4 cases) total amputation and perineal urethrostomy (2 cases). Three patients had refused total penis amputation. The average length of follow-up was 26 months (4 and 72 months), 3 lymph nodes recurrences and 2 local recurrences were observed. Two patients died among the operated patients. Conclusion: Cancer of the penis is rare in Senegal. The delay in diagnosis explains the frequency of advanced forms which can only be treated by radical surgery.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Urology-Andrology Department, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Urology-Andrology Department, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Urology-Andrology Department, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Urology-Andrology Department, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Urology-Andrology Department, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Urology-Andrology Department, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Urology-Andrology Department, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Urology-Andrology Department, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Urology-Andrology Department, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Urology-Andrology Department, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Urology-Andrology Department, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

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