| Peer-Reviewed

Insomnia, Fatigue, and Some Associated Factors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Received: 17 February 2017     Accepted: 14 March 2017     Published: 27 March 2017
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Both the quantity and quality of sleep are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus; sleep has emerged as a novel target for prevention. In the current study, we aimed to assess insomnia and fatigue among patients with type 2 diabetes in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study conducted among 246 patients with type 2 diabetes during the period from March 2015 to June 2015, they were selected randomly from a diabetes center in Tabuk. Participants were invited to sign a written informed consent, then interviewed using a structured questionnaire based on socio-demographic data, failure to initiate and maintain sleep, non-restorative sleep, and fatigue. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for data analysis; the Chi-square and Pearson correlation were used to test the statistical significance. Out of 246 patients with type 2 diabetes (54.1% females), aged 46.9±11.6 years, fatigue was evident in 23.5%. A significant statistical difference was observed in the HbA1C regarding failure to maintain sleep and duration of sleep P<0.05. No differences in the glycated hemoglobin regarding age, sex, duration of sleep, snoring, cough, dyspnea, failure to maintain sleep, and non-restorative sleep P>0.05. In conclusion: Patients with poor diabetes control had the failure to maintain sleep and longer duration of diabetes. Measures to implement good sleep hygiene among patients with type 2 diabetes are highly needed.

Published in International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.14
Page(s) 15-18
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Insomnia, Fatigue, Type 2 Diabetes, Saudi Arabia

References
[1] International Diabetes Federation, Middle East, and North Africa 2015.
[2] Khuwaja AK, Lalani S, Dhanani R, Azam IS, Rafique G, White F. Anxiety and depression among outpatients with type 2 diabetes: A multi-centre study of prevalence and associated factors. DiabetolMetabSyndr. 2010 Dec 20; 2: 72. doi: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-72.
[3] Fritschi, C., Quinn, L. Fatigue in patients with diabetes: a review. J. Psychosom. Res. 2010; 69: 33–41.
[4] Lasselin J, Layé S, Dexpert S, Aubert A, Gonzalez C, Gin H, Capuron L. Fatigue symptoms relate to systemic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Brain Behav Immun. 2012 Nov; 26 (8): 1211-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.03.003. Epub 2012 Mar 25.
[5] Martine M. G, Cees JT, Elles S, Lotte B, Ellen B, and Hans K. Chronic Fatigue in Type 1 Diabetes: Highly Prevalent but Not Explained By Hyperglycemia or Glucose Variability. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 74.
[6] Fukuda K, Straus SE, Hickie I, Sharpe MC, Dobbins JG, Komaroff A; International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group. The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121: 953–959.
[7] Reeves WC, Lloyd A, Vernon SD, et al.; International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group. Identification of ambiguities in the 1994 chronic fatigue syndrome research case definition and recommendations for resolution. BMC Health Serv Res 2003; 3: 25.
[8] Weijman I, Ros WJ, Rutten GE, SchaufeliWB, Schabracq MJ, Winnubst JA. Frequency and perceived burden of diabetes self-management activities in employees with insulin-treated diabetes: relationships with health outcomes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005; 68: 56–64.
[9] Hewlett S, Chalder T, Choy E, et al. Fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: time for a conceptual model. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50: 1004–1006.
[10] Witte KK, Clark AL. Dyspnoea versus fatigue: additional prognostic information from symptoms in chronic heart failure? Eur J Heart Fail. 2008 Dec; 10 (12): 1224-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.09.017. Epub 2008 Nov 7.
[11] Sudore RL, Karter AJ, Huang ES, Moffet HH, Laiteerapong N, Schenker Y, Adams A, Whitmer RA, Liu JY, Miao Y, John PM, Schillinger D. Symptom burden of adults with type 2 diabetes across the disease course: diabetes & aging study. J Gen Intern Med. 2012 Dec; 27 (12): 1674-81. doi: 10.1007/s11606-012-2132-3. Epub 2012 Aug 2.
[12] Phillips B, Hening W, Britz P, Mannino D. Prevalence, and cor¬relates of restless legs syndrome: results from the 2005 National Sleep Foundation Poll. Chest 2006; 129: 76-80.
[13] Spiegel K, Leproult R, Van Cauter E: Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet 354: 1435–1439, 1999.
[14] Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness; The Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 1999; 14: 540-545.
[15] Scheen AJ, Van Cauter E. The roles of time of day and sleep quality in modulating glucose regulation: clinical implications. Horm Res 1998, 49: 191-201.
[16] Vgontzas AN, Papanicolaou DA, Bixler EO, et al. Sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness and fatigue: relation to visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and hypercytokinemia. J ClinEndocrinolMetab 2000, 85: 1151-8.
[17] [Mirghan HO, Elbadawi AS, Ahmed MA. The daytime sleepiness, snoring, and sleep duration effects on patients with type 2 diabetes; A case- control studyIndian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research; 2016: 5 (2): 464-470.
[18] Konen JC, Curtis LG, Summerson JH. Symptoms and complications of adult diabetic patients in a family practice. rch Fam Med. 1996 Mar; 5 (3): 135-45.
[19] Jain A, Sharma R, Choudhary PK, Yadav N, Jain G, Maanju M. Study of fatigue, depression, and associated factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus in industrial workers. Ind Psychiatry J. 2015 Jul-Dec; 24 (2): 179-84. doi: 10.4103/0972-6748.181731.
[20] Lewis PE, Emasealu OV, Rohrbeck P, Hu Z. Risk of type II diabetes and hypertension associated with chronic insomnia among active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 1998-2013. MSMR. 2014 Oct; 21 (10): 6-13.
[21] Cespedes EM, Dudley KA, Sotres-Alvarez D, Zee PC, Daviglus ML, Shah NA, Talavera GA, Gallo LC, Mattei J, Qi Q, Ramos AR, Schneiderman N, Espinoza-Giacinto RA, Patel SR. Joint associations of insomnia and sleep duration with prevalent diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). J Diabetes. 2016 May; 8 (3): 387-97. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12308. Epub 2015 Jul 21.
[22] Cappuccio FP, D'Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2010 Feb; 33 (2): 414-20. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1124. Epub 2009 Nov 12.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Hyder Osman Mirghani. (2017). Insomnia, Fatigue, and Some Associated Factors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 2(1), 15-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Hyder Osman Mirghani. Insomnia, Fatigue, and Some Associated Factors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017, 2(1), 15-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Hyder Osman Mirghani. Insomnia, Fatigue, and Some Associated Factors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Int J Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;2(1):15-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.14,
      author = {Hyder Osman Mirghani},
      title = {Insomnia, Fatigue, and Some Associated Factors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia},
      journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
      volume = {2},
      number = {1},
      pages = {15-18},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20170201.14},
      abstract = {Both the quantity and quality of sleep are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus; sleep has emerged as a novel target for prevention. In the current study, we aimed to assess insomnia and fatigue among patients with type 2 diabetes in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study conducted among 246 patients with type 2 diabetes during the period from March 2015 to June 2015, they were selected randomly from a diabetes center in Tabuk. Participants were invited to sign a written informed consent, then interviewed using a structured questionnaire based on socio-demographic data, failure to initiate and maintain sleep, non-restorative sleep, and fatigue. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for data analysis; the Chi-square and Pearson correlation were used to test the statistical significance. Out of 246 patients with type 2 diabetes (54.1% females), aged 46.9±11.6 years, fatigue was evident in 23.5%. A significant statistical difference was observed in the HbA1C regarding failure to maintain sleep and duration of sleep P0.05. In conclusion: Patients with poor diabetes control had the failure to maintain sleep and longer duration of diabetes. Measures to implement good sleep hygiene among patients with type 2 diabetes are highly needed.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Insomnia, Fatigue, and Some Associated Factors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
    AU  - Hyder Osman Mirghani
    Y1  - 2017/03/27
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.14
    T2  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
    JF  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
    JO  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
    SP  - 15
    EP  - 18
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-1371
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20170201.14
    AB  - Both the quantity and quality of sleep are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus; sleep has emerged as a novel target for prevention. In the current study, we aimed to assess insomnia and fatigue among patients with type 2 diabetes in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study conducted among 246 patients with type 2 diabetes during the period from March 2015 to June 2015, they were selected randomly from a diabetes center in Tabuk. Participants were invited to sign a written informed consent, then interviewed using a structured questionnaire based on socio-demographic data, failure to initiate and maintain sleep, non-restorative sleep, and fatigue. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for data analysis; the Chi-square and Pearson correlation were used to test the statistical significance. Out of 246 patients with type 2 diabetes (54.1% females), aged 46.9±11.6 years, fatigue was evident in 23.5%. A significant statistical difference was observed in the HbA1C regarding failure to maintain sleep and duration of sleep P0.05. In conclusion: Patients with poor diabetes control had the failure to maintain sleep and longer duration of diabetes. Measures to implement good sleep hygiene among patients with type 2 diabetes are highly needed.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

  • Sections