A Cross-Sectional Study on the Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Regular Blood Donors in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon

Assob Nguedia Jules Clement; Verla Sissy Vincent; Nsagha Dickson Shey; Bongkem Edward Afoni; Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12

| Peer-Reviewed

A Cross-Sectional Study on the Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Regular Blood Donors in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon

Assob Nguedia Jules Clement, Verla Sissy Vincent, Nsagha Dickson Shey, Bongkem Edward Afoni, Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin

Published in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research (Volume 1, Issue 3)

Received: 29 May 2017 Accepted: 6 June 2017 Published: 21 July 2017

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

There is an acute shortage of blood in most blood banks worldwide to meet up with demands for several medical interventions. A few reports have associated regular blood donation to the lowering of lipid profile parameters. Estimating the lipid profile is a conventional method of assessing an individual’s risk for coronary heart disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile of blood donors as a whole and to determine the effect of regular blood donation on lipid profile. This study was a cross sectional study that involved 146 consented blood donors, 90 of whom were regular blood donors (study group) and 56 irregular blood donors (control group). A volume of 5ml venous blood was drawn from each fasting participant into a dry biochemistry screw capped tube. This was allowed to clot and the serum was used to determine total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein, High-density lipoprotein and triglycerides. Their atherogenic indices were also calculated from the values of the lipid profile parameters. The student’s t test was use to compare means of the study group and control group, while linear regression analysis was used to measure amount of change. The mean total cholesterol (173.54 ± 46.28mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein (96.68 ± 39.37mg/dL), triglycerides (79.28 ± 42.95mg/dL) were comparatively lower in the regular blood donors than the irregular donors (174.61 ± 50.57, 98.16 ± 42.71, 79.82 ± 50.07) respectively, even though did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). The mean Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio was also lower in the regular donors than in the irregular donors, though not statistically significant (P > 0.05). 2.05% of the population of blood donors had a risky Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio (i.e. ratio ≥ 3.0). Blood donors as a whole may be said to have a reduced risk of developing coronary heart disease as reflected by the low prevalence of risky Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio and this benefit may be enhanced with regular blood donation as reflected by the lower total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels in regular blood donors.

Published in	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12
Page(s)	76-83
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Regular Blood Donor, Total Cholesterol, Low/High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio, Buea

References

[1]	Uche EI, Adediran A, Damulak OD, Adeyemo TA, Akinbami AA, Akanmu AS. Lipid profile of regular blood donors. J Blood Med. 2013: 4: 39–42.
[2]	WHO Media Centre, 2014. More Voluntary blood donations essential. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2012/blood_donation. Accessed 11 Jan 2014.
[3]	Blood safety, operational unit overview. Cameroon Operational Plan Report FY2011. Available at http: //www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/199734.doc. Accessed 10 Jan 2014.
[4]	Moki EK. Cameroon blood banks dwindling amid infected donors. News /Health. Available at http://www.voanews.com/.../Cameroon-blood-bank-dwindling-infected-donors. Accessed 10 Jan 2014.
[5]	Management of blood transfusion services. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1990. Available at: http://www.who.int/iris/handle / 10665/3929. Accessed 8 Aug 2010.
[6]	Bharadwaj RS. A study of lipid profiles among male voluntary blood donors in Chennai city. Indian J Community Med. 2005; 30 (1): 16–17.
[7]	Kannel WB, Wilson PW. Efficacy of lipid profiles in prediction of coronary disease. AM HEART J. 1992; 124 (3): 768-74.
[8]	Kondredddy R, Chenak A, Akula US, Garabet A, Srikumar S, Jarari AM, Jagannadha RP. Study of Lipid Profile in Coronary Heart Disease patients in Libya. J Blood Med. 2012; 1: 4.
[9]	William R. When and How to Measure Lipids and Their Role in CHD Risk Prediction. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis. 2003; 3: 3.
[10]	Van Jaarsveld H, Pool GF. Beneficial effects of blood donation on high density lipoprotein concentration and the oxidative potential of low density lipoprotein. Atherosclerosis. 2002; 161 (2): 395–402.
[11]	Maria LF, Densie W. The LDL to HDL Cholesterol Ratio as a Valuable Tool to Evaluate Coronary Heart Disease Risk. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008; 27 (1): 1-5.
[12]	Nsagha DS, Njunda AL, Kamga HLF, Assob JCN, Bongkem EA. HIV-1/HIV-2 co-infection among voluntary counselling and testing subjects at a regional hospital in Cameroon. Afr Health Sci. 2012; 12 (3): 276 – 281.
[13]	Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Health – Gannett Health Services. Available at http://www.gannett.cornell.edu/cms/pdf/chep/upload/Cholesterol_CHD.-pdf ‎. Accessed 20 Jan 2014
[14]	Millán J, Pintó X, Muñoz A, Zúñiga M, Rubiés-Prat J et al. Lipoprotein ratios: Physiological significance and clinical usefulness in cardiovascular prevention. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009; 5: 757–765.
[15]	Meyers DG, Strickland D, Maloley PA, Seburg JK, Wilson JE, McManus BF. Possible association of a reduction in cardiovascular events with blood donation. Heart. 1997; 78 (2): 188–193.
[16]	Green Cameroon. World Blood Donor Day 2014: Safe Blood for saving Mothers. Available at http://www.greencameroon.org/world-blood-donor-day-2014. Accessed 19 Aug 2014.
[17]	Sood AK. Health benefits of blood donation. Available at http://www. bloodbankbdcnsr.org/sood.pdf. Accessed 28 July 2014.
[18]	Mauritius Blood Donors Association. Health Benefits of Donating Blood. Available at http://www.bdamauritius.com/benefitsgivingblood.htm accessed on 03 June 2017.
[19]	Osaro E, Charles AT. The challenges of meeting the blood transfusion requirements in Sub-Saharan Africa: the need for the development of alternatives to allogenic blood. J Blood Med. 2011; 2: 7–21.
[20]	Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Skoumas J, et al. Importance of LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio as a predictor for coronary events in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a 15-year follow-up (1987–2002). Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2003; 19 (2): 89–94.
[21]	Kinosian B, Glick H, Preiss L, Puder KL. Cholesterol and coronary heart disease: predicting risk in men by changes in levels and ratios. J Investig Med. 1995; 43 (5): 443–450.
[22]	Rahlenbeck SI, Gebre-Yohannes A. Coronary heart disease risk factors among blood donors in northwest Ethiopia. East Afr Med J. 1998; 75 (9): 495-500.
[23]	Okęcka-Szymańska J, Hübner-Woźniak E, Piątkowska I, Malara M. Effects of age, gender and physical activity on plasma lipid profile. Biomed Hum Kinetics. 2011 (3): 1 – 5.
[24]	Leenen R, van der Kooy K, Meyboom S, Seidell JC, Deurenberg P and Weststrate JA. Relative effects of weight loss and dietary fat modification on serum lipid levels in the dietary treatment of obesity. J Lipid Res. 1993 Dec; 34 (12): 2183-91.
[25]	Thinnahanumaih M, Puranik N, Bidare C, Kammar KF, Venkatakrishniah OK, Maitri V. A Comparative Study of Serum Lipid Profile in Short-Term, Moderate Alcohol Drinkers and Abstainers. IJHSR. 2012; 7 (2): 2249-9571.
[26]	Van de Wiel A. The Effect of Alcohol on Postprandial and Fasting Triglycerides. Int Journ Vasc Med. 2012: 1-4.
[27]	Devaranavadgi BB, Aski BS, Kashinath RT and Hundekari IA. Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Blood Lipids – A Study in Belgaum, Northern Karnataka, India. GJMR. 2012; 12 (6): 57-61.
[28]	Lee KS, Park CY, Meng KH et al. The association of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with other cardiovascular risk factors in men from Seoul, Korea. Ann Epidemiol. 1998; 8: 31-38.
[29]	Willett W, Hennekens CH, Castelli W, Rosner B, Evans D, Taylor J, Kass EH. Effects of cigarette smoking on fasting triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol in women. Am Heart J. 1983; 105 (3): 417-21.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Assob Nguedia Jules Clement, Verla Sissy Vincent, Nsagha Dickson Shey, Bongkem Edward Afoni, Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin. (2017). A Cross-Sectional Study on the Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Regular Blood Donors in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, 1(3), 76-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Assob Nguedia Jules Clement; Verla Sissy Vincent; Nsagha Dickson Shey; Bongkem Edward Afoni; Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Regular Blood Donors in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon. Cardiol. Cardiovasc. Res. 2017, 1(3), 76-83. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Assob Nguedia Jules Clement, Verla Sissy Vincent, Nsagha Dickson Shey, Bongkem Edward Afoni, Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Regular Blood Donors in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon. Cardiol Cardiovasc Res. 2017;1(3):76-83. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12,
  author = {Assob Nguedia Jules Clement and Verla Sissy Vincent and Nsagha Dickson Shey and Bongkem Edward Afoni and Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin},
  title = {A Cross-Sectional Study on the Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Regular Blood Donors in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon},
  journal = {Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {76-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ccr.20170103.12},
  abstract = {There is an acute shortage of blood in most blood banks worldwide to meet up with demands for several medical interventions. A few reports have associated regular blood donation to the lowering of lipid profile parameters. Estimating the lipid profile is a conventional method of assessing an individual’s risk for coronary heart disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile of blood donors as a whole and to determine the effect of regular blood donation on lipid profile. This study was a cross sectional study that involved 146 consented blood donors, 90 of whom were regular blood donors (study group) and 56 irregular blood donors (control group). A volume of 5ml venous blood was drawn from each fasting participant into a dry biochemistry screw capped tube. This was allowed to clot and the serum was used to determine total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein, High-density lipoprotein and triglycerides. Their atherogenic indices were also calculated from the values of the lipid profile parameters. The student’s t test was use to compare means of the study group and control group, while linear regression analysis was used to measure amount of change. The mean total cholesterol (173.54 ± 46.28mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein (96.68 ± 39.37mg/dL), triglycerides (79.28 ± 42.95mg/dL) were comparatively lower in the regular blood donors than the irregular donors (174.61 ± 50.57, 98.16 ± 42.71, 79.82 ± 50.07) respectively, even though did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). The mean Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio was also lower in the regular donors than in the irregular donors, though not statistically significant (P > 0.05). 2.05% of the population of blood donors had a risky Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio (i.e. ratio ≥ 3.0). Blood donors as a whole may be said to have a reduced risk of developing coronary heart disease as reflected by the low prevalence of risky Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio and this benefit may be enhanced with regular blood donation as reflected by the lower total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels in regular blood donors.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Cross-Sectional Study on the Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Regular Blood Donors in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon
AU  - Assob Nguedia Jules Clement
AU  - Verla Sissy Vincent
AU  - Nsagha Dickson Shey
AU  - Bongkem Edward Afoni
AU  - Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin
Y1  - 2017/07/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12
T2  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
JF  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
JO  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
SP  - 76
EP  - 83
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8914
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12
AB  - There is an acute shortage of blood in most blood banks worldwide to meet up with demands for several medical interventions. A few reports have associated regular blood donation to the lowering of lipid profile parameters. Estimating the lipid profile is a conventional method of assessing an individual’s risk for coronary heart disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile of blood donors as a whole and to determine the effect of regular blood donation on lipid profile. This study was a cross sectional study that involved 146 consented blood donors, 90 of whom were regular blood donors (study group) and 56 irregular blood donors (control group). A volume of 5ml venous blood was drawn from each fasting participant into a dry biochemistry screw capped tube. This was allowed to clot and the serum was used to determine total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein, High-density lipoprotein and triglycerides. Their atherogenic indices were also calculated from the values of the lipid profile parameters. The student’s t test was use to compare means of the study group and control group, while linear regression analysis was used to measure amount of change. The mean total cholesterol (173.54 ± 46.28mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein (96.68 ± 39.37mg/dL), triglycerides (79.28 ± 42.95mg/dL) were comparatively lower in the regular blood donors than the irregular donors (174.61 ± 50.57, 98.16 ± 42.71, 79.82 ± 50.07) respectively, even though did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). The mean Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio was also lower in the regular donors than in the irregular donors, though not statistically significant (P > 0.05). 2.05% of the population of blood donors had a risky Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio (i.e. ratio ≥ 3.0). Blood donors as a whole may be said to have a reduced risk of developing coronary heart disease as reflected by the low prevalence of risky Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio and this benefit may be enhanced with regular blood donation as reflected by the lower total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels in regular blood donors.
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Assob Nguedia Jules Clement

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Verla Sissy Vincent

Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Nsagha Dickson Shey

Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Bongkem Edward Afoni

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin

Department of Surgery Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Assob Nguedia Jules Clement, Verla Sissy Vincent, Nsagha Dickson Shey, Bongkem Edward Afoni, Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin. (2017). A Cross-Sectional Study on the Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Regular Blood Donors in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, 1(3), 76-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Assob Nguedia Jules Clement; Verla Sissy Vincent; Nsagha Dickson Shey; Bongkem Edward Afoni; Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Regular Blood Donors in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon. Cardiol. Cardiovasc. Res. 2017, 1(3), 76-83. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Assob Nguedia Jules Clement, Verla Sissy Vincent, Nsagha Dickson Shey, Bongkem Edward Afoni, Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Regular Blood Donors in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon. Cardiol Cardiovasc Res. 2017;1(3):76-83. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12,
  author = {Assob Nguedia Jules Clement and Verla Sissy Vincent and Nsagha Dickson Shey and Bongkem Edward Afoni and Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin},
  title = {A Cross-Sectional Study on the Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Regular Blood Donors in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon},
  journal = {Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {76-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ccr.20170103.12},
  abstract = {There is an acute shortage of blood in most blood banks worldwide to meet up with demands for several medical interventions. A few reports have associated regular blood donation to the lowering of lipid profile parameters. Estimating the lipid profile is a conventional method of assessing an individual’s risk for coronary heart disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile of blood donors as a whole and to determine the effect of regular blood donation on lipid profile. This study was a cross sectional study that involved 146 consented blood donors, 90 of whom were regular blood donors (study group) and 56 irregular blood donors (control group). A volume of 5ml venous blood was drawn from each fasting participant into a dry biochemistry screw capped tube. This was allowed to clot and the serum was used to determine total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein, High-density lipoprotein and triglycerides. Their atherogenic indices were also calculated from the values of the lipid profile parameters. The student’s t test was use to compare means of the study group and control group, while linear regression analysis was used to measure amount of change. The mean total cholesterol (173.54 ± 46.28mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein (96.68 ± 39.37mg/dL), triglycerides (79.28 ± 42.95mg/dL) were comparatively lower in the regular blood donors than the irregular donors (174.61 ± 50.57, 98.16 ± 42.71, 79.82 ± 50.07) respectively, even though did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). The mean Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio was also lower in the regular donors than in the irregular donors, though not statistically significant (P > 0.05). 2.05% of the population of blood donors had a risky Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio (i.e. ratio ≥ 3.0). Blood donors as a whole may be said to have a reduced risk of developing coronary heart disease as reflected by the low prevalence of risky Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio and this benefit may be enhanced with regular blood donation as reflected by the lower total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels in regular blood donors.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Cross-Sectional Study on the Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Regular Blood Donors in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon
AU  - Assob Nguedia Jules Clement
AU  - Verla Sissy Vincent
AU  - Nsagha Dickson Shey
AU  - Bongkem Edward Afoni
AU  - Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin
Y1  - 2017/07/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12
T2  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
JF  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
JO  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
SP  - 76
EP  - 83
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8914
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20170103.12
AB  - There is an acute shortage of blood in most blood banks worldwide to meet up with demands for several medical interventions. A few reports have associated regular blood donation to the lowering of lipid profile parameters. Estimating the lipid profile is a conventional method of assessing an individual’s risk for coronary heart disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile of blood donors as a whole and to determine the effect of regular blood donation on lipid profile. This study was a cross sectional study that involved 146 consented blood donors, 90 of whom were regular blood donors (study group) and 56 irregular blood donors (control group). A volume of 5ml venous blood was drawn from each fasting participant into a dry biochemistry screw capped tube. This was allowed to clot and the serum was used to determine total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein, High-density lipoprotein and triglycerides. Their atherogenic indices were also calculated from the values of the lipid profile parameters. The student’s t test was use to compare means of the study group and control group, while linear regression analysis was used to measure amount of change. The mean total cholesterol (173.54 ± 46.28mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein (96.68 ± 39.37mg/dL), triglycerides (79.28 ± 42.95mg/dL) were comparatively lower in the regular blood donors than the irregular donors (174.61 ± 50.57, 98.16 ± 42.71, 79.82 ± 50.07) respectively, even though did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). The mean Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio was also lower in the regular donors than in the irregular donors, though not statistically significant (P > 0.05). 2.05% of the population of blood donors had a risky Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio (i.e. ratio ≥ 3.0). Blood donors as a whole may be said to have a reduced risk of developing coronary heart disease as reflected by the low prevalence of risky Low/High-density lipoprotein ratio and this benefit may be enhanced with regular blood donation as reflected by the lower total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels in regular blood donors.
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download