Identification and Classification of Sand Flies Species and It’s Habitats in El-Kadaba Village, White Nile State, Sudan

Belal Abdallah Ahmed Adam; Moawia Mukhtar Hassan; Osman Mohammed Abdelnour; Ahmed Hamid Awadallah

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14

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Identification and Classification of Sand Flies Species and It’s Habitats in El-Kadaba Village, White Nile State, Sudan

Belal Abdallah Ahmed Adam, Moawia Mukhtar Hassan, Osman Mohammed Abdelnour, Ahmed Hamid Awadallah

Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 28 December 2016 Accepted: 31 January 2017 Published: 24 February 2017

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Abstract

Sand flies are a group of dipterans insects belonging to the subfamily Phlebotomine, family Psychodidae. Members of sand flies are delicate and can be easily recognized by their brownish colour, small size (1.5-2.5 mm), hairy appearance, long slender legs, jerky flight pattern and the characteristic manner in which they hold their pointed wings at an angle of 45° above their body. In this study, an entomological survey was carried out during June 2008 in El-Kadaba village (White Nile State, Sudan) to determine sandfly fauna and to identify sand flies vector(s). Sandflies were collected using sticky paper and light traps. Ten species of sandflies were recorded, three Phlebotomus species and seven Sergentomyia species of these sandflies, P. rodhaini was collected only from Acacia seyal/Balanitiesaegyptiaca at the Island whereas S. hunti was collected from the Acacia nilotica forest only of the total collections, P. orientalis representing 3.80% (248 specimens) of the total collection and P. papatasiwere 3.11% of the collection. The abundant species recorded in the area were S. sqaumipluer is (39.76%), S. clydei (25.89%) and S. antennatus (12.39%). Phlebotomusorientalis were collected significantly in higher numbers from the Island (Acacia/Balanities thicket) (5.50±0.98), than the village (3.25±0.72). According to results of this study we recommended the following: more studies must be done in future to cover all the belt of sand flies to determine all species of sand flies in Sudan. Annually Entomological survies must be done to determine density of Sandfly Vectors and Encourage the use of personal protection tools (ITNs), repellents, and improving of houses to avoid bite of sand fly.

Published in	International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14
Page(s)	15-21
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Habitats, Trap, Significant, Collection, Leishmaniasis, El-Kadaba Village

References

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[8]	Lewis, D. J. (1973). Phlebotomidae and Psychodidae (sandflies and moth-flies). PP.155-180. In: Insect and other Arthropods of Medical Importance (eds. Smith K. G. V.). The Trustees of the BritishMuseum (Natural History), London.
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[13]	Seccombe, A. K., Ready, P. D. and Huddleston, L. M. (1993). A catalogue of Old WorldPhlebotomine sandflies (Diptera; Psychodidae; Phlebotominae). Occasional papers on Systematic Entomology No. 8, Department of Entomology, The NaturalHistoryMuseum 57 pp.
[14]	Elnaiem, D. A., Hassan, M. M., Maingon, R., Nureldin, G. H., Mekawi, A. M., Miles, M. and Ward, R. D. (2001). The Egyptian mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon, is a possible reservoir host of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan. Parasitology, 122 (5): 531-536.
[15]	Hassan M. M., Elraba’a, F. M. A., Ward, R. D., Maingon, R. and D. A. Elnaiem (2004). Detection of high in-village transmission of Leishmaniadonovaniin eastern Sudan. ActaTropica, 92 (1): 77-82.
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[17]	Hassan, M. M., Elamin, W. M. and Mukhtar, M. M. (2008). Isolation and identification of Leishmaniadonovani from Phlebotomusorientalis, in an area of eastern Sudan with endemic visceral leishmaniasis. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 102 (6), 1–3.
[18]	El-Sayed, S. M., El Raaba, F. M. and Abd el Nur, O. (1991). Daily and seasonal activities of some sandflies from Surrugia village, Khartoum, Sudan. Parassitologia, 33 (Suppl): 205-15.
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[20]	Thamson, M. C., Elnaiem, D. A., Ashford, R. W. and Conner, S. J. (1999). The develoment of kala-azar risk map for Sudan: Mapping the potential distribution of Phlebotomusorientalis using digital data of environmental variables. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 4: 105-113.
[21]	Elnaiem, D. A., Hassan, K. H., and Ward, R. D. (1997). Phlebotomine sandflies in a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in a border area of eastern Sudan. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 91: 307-318.
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[23]	El-Hassan A. M and Zijlstra, E. E. (2001a). Leishmaniasis in Sudan. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Transaction of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 95 (Suppl 1): S1-17. 232.
[24]	Hassan, K. H. (1996). Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera; Psychodidae) and their roles in transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in an endemic focus in eastern Sudan. M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Khartoum.
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APA Style

Belal Abdallah Ahmed Adam, Moawia Mukhtar Hassan, Osman Mohammed Abdelnour, Ahmed Hamid Awadallah. (2017). Identification and Classification of Sand Flies Species and It’s Habitats in El-Kadaba Village, White Nile State, Sudan. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 2(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14

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ACS Style

Belal Abdallah Ahmed Adam; Moawia Mukhtar Hassan; Osman Mohammed Abdelnour; Ahmed Hamid Awadallah. Identification and Classification of Sand Flies Species and It’s Habitats in El-Kadaba Village, White Nile State, Sudan. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2017, 2(1), 15-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14

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AMA Style

Belal Abdallah Ahmed Adam, Moawia Mukhtar Hassan, Osman Mohammed Abdelnour, Ahmed Hamid Awadallah. Identification and Classification of Sand Flies Species and It’s Habitats in El-Kadaba Village, White Nile State, Sudan. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2017;2(1):15-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14,
  author = {Belal Abdallah Ahmed Adam and Moawia Mukhtar Hassan and Osman Mohammed Abdelnour and Ahmed Hamid Awadallah},
  title = {Identification and Classification of Sand Flies Species and It’s Habitats in El-Kadaba Village, White Nile State, Sudan},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15-21},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20170201.14},
  abstract = {Sand flies are a group of dipterans insects belonging to the subfamily Phlebotomine, family Psychodidae. Members of sand flies are delicate and can be easily recognized by their brownish colour, small size (1.5-2.5 mm), hairy appearance, long slender legs, jerky flight pattern and the characteristic manner in which they hold their pointed wings at an angle of 45° above their body. In this study, an entomological survey was carried out during June 2008 in El-Kadaba village (White Nile State, Sudan) to determine sandfly fauna and to identify sand flies vector(s). Sandflies were collected using sticky paper and light traps. Ten species of sandflies were recorded, three Phlebotomus species and seven Sergentomyia species of these sandflies, P. rodhaini was collected only from Acacia seyal/Balanitiesaegyptiaca at the Island whereas S. hunti was collected from the Acacia nilotica forest only of the total collections, P. orientalis representing 3.80% (248 specimens) of the total collection and P. papatasiwere 3.11% of the collection. The abundant species recorded in the area were S. sqaumipluer is (39.76%), S. clydei (25.89%) and S. antennatus (12.39%). Phlebotomusorientalis were collected significantly in higher numbers from the Island (Acacia/Balanities thicket) (5.50±0.98), than the village (3.25±0.72). According to results of this study we recommended the following: more studies must be done in future to cover all the belt of sand flies to determine all species of sand flies in Sudan. Annually Entomological survies must be done to determine density of Sandfly Vectors and Encourage the use of personal protection tools (ITNs), repellents, and improving of houses to avoid bite of sand fly.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification and Classification of Sand Flies Species and It’s Habitats in El-Kadaba Village, White Nile State, Sudan
AU - Belal Abdallah Ahmed Adam
AU - Moawia Mukhtar Hassan
AU - Osman Mohammed Abdelnour
AU - Ahmed Hamid Awadallah
Y1 - 2017/02/24
PY - 2017
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14
DO - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14
T2 - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP - 15
EP - 21
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2578-966X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14
AB - Sand flies are a group of dipterans insects belonging to the subfamily Phlebotomine, family Psychodidae. Members of sand flies are delicate and can be easily recognized by their brownish colour, small size (1.5-2.5 mm), hairy appearance, long slender legs, jerky flight pattern and the characteristic manner in which they hold their pointed wings at an angle of 45° above their body. In this study, an entomological survey was carried out during June 2008 in El-Kadaba village (White Nile State, Sudan) to determine sandfly fauna and to identify sand flies vector(s). Sandflies were collected using sticky paper and light traps. Ten species of sandflies were recorded, three Phlebotomus species and seven Sergentomyia species of these sandflies, P. rodhaini was collected only from Acacia seyal/Balanitiesaegyptiaca at the Island whereas S. hunti was collected from the Acacia nilotica forest only of the total collections, P. orientalis representing 3.80% (248 specimens) of the total collection and P. papatasiwere 3.11% of the collection. The abundant species recorded in the area were S. sqaumipluer is (39.76%), S. clydei (25.89%) and S. antennatus (12.39%). Phlebotomusorientalis were collected significantly in higher numbers from the Island (Acacia/Balanities thicket) (5.50±0.98), than the village (3.25±0.72). According to results of this study we recommended the following: more studies must be done in future to cover all the belt of sand flies to determine all species of sand flies in Sudan. Annually Entomological survies must be done to determine density of Sandfly Vectors and Encourage the use of personal protection tools (ITNs), repellents, and improving of houses to avoid bite of sand fly.
VL - 2
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Belal Abdallah Ahmed Adam

Shendi University, Faculty of Public Health, Environmental Health Department, Shendi Town, Sudan
Moawia Mukhtar Hassan

Epidemiology Department, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Centre for Research, Khartoum Town, Sudan
Osman Mohammed Abdelnour

Department of Entomology, National Laboratory, Khartoum Town, Sudan
Ahmed Hamid Awadallah

Ministry of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rabak Town, Sudan

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APA Style

Belal Abdallah Ahmed Adam, Moawia Mukhtar Hassan, Osman Mohammed Abdelnour, Ahmed Hamid Awadallah. (2017). Identification and Classification of Sand Flies Species and It’s Habitats in El-Kadaba Village, White Nile State, Sudan. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 2(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14

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ACS Style

Belal Abdallah Ahmed Adam; Moawia Mukhtar Hassan; Osman Mohammed Abdelnour; Ahmed Hamid Awadallah. Identification and Classification of Sand Flies Species and It’s Habitats in El-Kadaba Village, White Nile State, Sudan. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2017, 2(1), 15-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14

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AMA Style

Belal Abdallah Ahmed Adam, Moawia Mukhtar Hassan, Osman Mohammed Abdelnour, Ahmed Hamid Awadallah. Identification and Classification of Sand Flies Species and It’s Habitats in El-Kadaba Village, White Nile State, Sudan. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2017;2(1):15-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14,
  author = {Belal Abdallah Ahmed Adam and Moawia Mukhtar Hassan and Osman Mohammed Abdelnour and Ahmed Hamid Awadallah},
  title = {Identification and Classification of Sand Flies Species and It’s Habitats in El-Kadaba Village, White Nile State, Sudan},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15-21},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20170201.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20170201.14},
  abstract = {Sand flies are a group of dipterans insects belonging to the subfamily Phlebotomine, family Psychodidae. Members of sand flies are delicate and can be easily recognized by their brownish colour, small size (1.5-2.5 mm), hairy appearance, long slender legs, jerky flight pattern and the characteristic manner in which they hold their pointed wings at an angle of 45° above their body. In this study, an entomological survey was carried out during June 2008 in El-Kadaba village (White Nile State, Sudan) to determine sandfly fauna and to identify sand flies vector(s). Sandflies were collected using sticky paper and light traps. Ten species of sandflies were recorded, three Phlebotomus species and seven Sergentomyia species of these sandflies, P. rodhaini was collected only from Acacia seyal/Balanitiesaegyptiaca at the Island whereas S. hunti was collected from the Acacia nilotica forest only of the total collections, P. orientalis representing 3.80% (248 specimens) of the total collection and P. papatasiwere 3.11% of the collection. The abundant species recorded in the area were S. sqaumipluer is (39.76%), S. clydei (25.89%) and S. antennatus (12.39%). Phlebotomusorientalis were collected significantly in higher numbers from the Island (Acacia/Balanities thicket) (5.50±0.98), than the village (3.25±0.72). According to results of this study we recommended the following: more studies must be done in future to cover all the belt of sand flies to determine all species of sand flies in Sudan. Annually Entomological survies must be done to determine density of Sandfly Vectors and Encourage the use of personal protection tools (ITNs), repellents, and improving of houses to avoid bite of sand fly.},
 year = {2017}
}

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