Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Orbital Infections in a Tertiary Hospital

Olusola Joseph Omotoye; Iyiade Adeseye Ajayi; Olanike Folashade Bodunde

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13

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Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Orbital Infections in a Tertiary Hospital

Olusola Joseph Omotoye, Iyiade Adeseye Ajayi, Olanike Folashade Bodunde

Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 5, Issue 3)

Received: 26 June 2020 Accepted: 15 July 2020 Published: 23 July 2020

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Abstract

Background: Orbital infections are common ophthalmic emergencies with sight and life threatening if not promptly and adequately managed. Purpose: To determine the incidence of orbital infections and the risk factors that predispose these patients to orbital infections in our tertiary health institution. Methods: Records of all patients with orbital infections who presented at the ophthalmic plastic clinic between January 2010 and December 2019 were retrieved. Demographic characteristics, duration of symptoms, presenting visual acuity, and oculoplastic procedures were obtained. Results: Sixty six patients presented with orbital infections which constituted (4.5%) of all ocular emergencies seen in this centre. There were 44 (66.7%) males and 22 (33.3%) females. Preseptal cellulitis was 49 (74.2%) while orbital cellulitis was 17 (25.8%). More than 9/10^th of preseptal cellulitis were found in children of 5 years and below. The proportion of visual impairment and blindness was higher in orbital cellulitis than preseptal cellulitis. The most common risk factors for preseptal cellulitis was ocular allergy while sinus infection was commonest in orbital cellulitis. All patients with orbital cellulitis were admitted into the eye wards out of which 2 (11.8%) of these patients died of septiceamia. Conclusion: Orbital infection is a relatively common ophthalmic emergency which is a cause of visual impairment and blindness. The most common risk factor for preseptal cellulitis was ocular allergy while sinus infection was commonest in orbital cellulitis. Aggressive and goal oriented awareness campaign for early presentation of patients with these infections at eye care facility is advocated to prevent unnecessary death from this ophthalmic emergency.

Published in	International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13
Page(s)	51-55
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cellulitis, Emergency, Hospital, Infections, Orbital

References

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[4]	Carlisle RT, Fredrick GT. Preseptal and orbital cellulitis. Hosp Physician. 2006; 42 (10): 15-19.
[5]	Uhumwangho OM, Kayoma DH. Current trends in treatment outcomes of orbital cellulitis in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Surgery. 2016; 22 (2): 107-110.
[6]	Hamed-Azzam S, AlHashash I, Briscoe D, Rose GE, Verity DH. Common orbital infections~ state of the art~ part I. Journal of ophthalmic & vision research. 2018; 13 (2): 175.
[7]	WHO: Categories of visual impairment: Strategies for the prevention of blindness in National programmes. Technical report series, No 10 Geneva 1984.
[8]	Joseph OO, Adeseye AI. Profile of ocular emergencies in a tertiary health centre. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 2016; 15 (07): 75-79.
[9]	Babar TF, Zaman M, Khan MN, Khan MD. Risk factors of preseptal and orbital cellulitis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2009; 19 (1): 39-42.
[10]	Georgakopoulos CD, Eliopoulou MI, Stasinos S, Exarchou A, Pharmakakis N, Varvarigou A. Periorbital and orbital cellulitis: a 10-year review of hospitalized children. European journal of ophthalmology. 2010; 20 (6): 1066-1072.
[11]	Ambati BK, Ambati J, Azar N, Stratton L, Schmidt EV. Periorbital and orbital cellulitis before and after the advent of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccination. Ophthalmology. 2000; 107 (8): 1450-1453.
[12]	Onakpoya OH, Adeoye AO, Akinpelu OV. Cost-Related Antibiotic Dosage Omissions—Challenge for Orbital Cellulitis Management in Resource Poor Communities. Orbit. 2009; 28 (2-3): 147-152.
[13]	Nageswaran S, Woods CR, Benjamin Jr DK, Givner LB, Shetty AK. Orbital cellulitis in children. The Pediatric infectious disease journal. 2006; 25 (8): 695-699.
[14]	Ebeigbe Ja, Ovenseri-Ogbomo Go. Barriers To Utilization Of Eye Care Services In Rural Communities In Edo State, Nigeria. Borno Medical Journal 2014; 11 (2) 98-104.
[15]	Lim L, Miller D, Ah-Kee E, Ferguson A. Preseptal cellulitis or orbital cellulitis. West Indian Med J. 2015; 65 (1).
[16]	Chaudhry I, Shamsi F, Arfaj K, et al. Predisposing Factors for Preseptal Cellulitis Among Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Eye Care Center. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 2007; 48 (13): 347-347.
[17]	Gonçalves R, Menezes C, Machado R, Ribeiro I, Lemos JA. Periorbital cellulitis in children: analysis of outcome of intravenous antibiotic therapy. Orbit. 2016; 35 (4): 175-180.

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APA Style

Olusola Joseph Omotoye, Iyiade Adeseye Ajayi, Olanike Folashade Bodunde. (2020). Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Orbital Infections in a Tertiary Hospital. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 5(3), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13

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ACS Style

Olusola Joseph Omotoye; Iyiade Adeseye Ajayi; Olanike Folashade Bodunde. Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Orbital Infections in a Tertiary Hospital. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2020, 5(3), 51-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13

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AMA Style

Olusola Joseph Omotoye, Iyiade Adeseye Ajayi, Olanike Folashade Bodunde. Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Orbital Infections in a Tertiary Hospital. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2020;5(3):51-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13,
  author = {Olusola Joseph Omotoye and Iyiade Adeseye Ajayi and Olanike Folashade Bodunde},
  title = {Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Orbital Infections in a Tertiary Hospital},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {51-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20200503.13},
  abstract = {Background: Orbital infections are common ophthalmic emergencies with sight and life threatening if not promptly and adequately managed. Purpose: To determine the incidence of orbital infections and the risk factors that predispose these patients to orbital infections in our tertiary health institution. Methods: Records of all patients with orbital infections who presented at the ophthalmic plastic clinic between January 2010 and December 2019 were retrieved. Demographic characteristics, duration of symptoms, presenting visual acuity, and oculoplastic procedures were obtained. Results: Sixty six patients presented with orbital infections which constituted (4.5%) of all ocular emergencies seen in this centre. There were 44 (66.7%) males and 22 (33.3%) females. Preseptal cellulitis was 49 (74.2%) while orbital cellulitis was 17 (25.8%). More than 9/10th of preseptal cellulitis were found in children of 5 years and below. The proportion of visual impairment and blindness was higher in orbital cellulitis than preseptal cellulitis. The most common risk factors for preseptal cellulitis was ocular allergy while sinus infection was commonest in orbital cellulitis. All patients with orbital cellulitis were admitted into the eye wards out of which 2 (11.8%) of these patients died of septiceamia. Conclusion: Orbital infection is a relatively common ophthalmic emergency which is a cause of visual impairment and blindness. The most common risk factor for preseptal cellulitis was ocular allergy while sinus infection was commonest in orbital cellulitis. Aggressive and goal oriented awareness campaign for early presentation of patients with these infections at eye care facility is advocated to prevent unnecessary death from this ophthalmic emergency.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Orbital Infections in a Tertiary Hospital
AU - Olusola Joseph Omotoye
AU - Iyiade Adeseye Ajayi
AU - Olanike Folashade Bodunde
Y1 - 2020/07/23
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13
DO - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13
T2 - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JF - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
JO - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
SP - 51
EP - 55
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2578-966X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13
AB - Background: Orbital infections are common ophthalmic emergencies with sight and life threatening if not promptly and adequately managed. Purpose: To determine the incidence of orbital infections and the risk factors that predispose these patients to orbital infections in our tertiary health institution. Methods: Records of all patients with orbital infections who presented at the ophthalmic plastic clinic between January 2010 and December 2019 were retrieved. Demographic characteristics, duration of symptoms, presenting visual acuity, and oculoplastic procedures were obtained. Results: Sixty six patients presented with orbital infections which constituted (4.5%) of all ocular emergencies seen in this centre. There were 44 (66.7%) males and 22 (33.3%) females. Preseptal cellulitis was 49 (74.2%) while orbital cellulitis was 17 (25.8%). More than 9/10th of preseptal cellulitis were found in children of 5 years and below. The proportion of visual impairment and blindness was higher in orbital cellulitis than preseptal cellulitis. The most common risk factors for preseptal cellulitis was ocular allergy while sinus infection was commonest in orbital cellulitis. All patients with orbital cellulitis were admitted into the eye wards out of which 2 (11.8%) of these patients died of septiceamia. Conclusion: Orbital infection is a relatively common ophthalmic emergency which is a cause of visual impairment and blindness. The most common risk factor for preseptal cellulitis was ocular allergy while sinus infection was commonest in orbital cellulitis. Aggressive and goal oriented awareness campaign for early presentation of patients with these infections at eye care facility is advocated to prevent unnecessary death from this ophthalmic emergency.
VL - 5
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Olusola Joseph Omotoye

Department of Ophthalmology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Iyiade Adeseye Ajayi

Department of Ophthalmology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Olanike Folashade Bodunde

Department of Ophthalmology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

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APA Style

Olusola Joseph Omotoye, Iyiade Adeseye Ajayi, Olanike Folashade Bodunde. (2020). Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Orbital Infections in a Tertiary Hospital. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 5(3), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13

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ACS Style

Olusola Joseph Omotoye; Iyiade Adeseye Ajayi; Olanike Folashade Bodunde. Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Orbital Infections in a Tertiary Hospital. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2020, 5(3), 51-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13

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AMA Style

Olusola Joseph Omotoye, Iyiade Adeseye Ajayi, Olanike Folashade Bodunde. Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Orbital Infections in a Tertiary Hospital. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2020;5(3):51-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13,
  author = {Olusola Joseph Omotoye and Iyiade Adeseye Ajayi and Olanike Folashade Bodunde},
  title = {Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Orbital Infections in a Tertiary Hospital},
  journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {51-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20200503.13},
  abstract = {Background: Orbital infections are common ophthalmic emergencies with sight and life threatening if not promptly and adequately managed. Purpose: To determine the incidence of orbital infections and the risk factors that predispose these patients to orbital infections in our tertiary health institution. Methods: Records of all patients with orbital infections who presented at the ophthalmic plastic clinic between January 2010 and December 2019 were retrieved. Demographic characteristics, duration of symptoms, presenting visual acuity, and oculoplastic procedures were obtained. Results: Sixty six patients presented with orbital infections which constituted (4.5%) of all ocular emergencies seen in this centre. There were 44 (66.7%) males and 22 (33.3%) females. Preseptal cellulitis was 49 (74.2%) while orbital cellulitis was 17 (25.8%). More than 9/10th of preseptal cellulitis were found in children of 5 years and below. The proportion of visual impairment and blindness was higher in orbital cellulitis than preseptal cellulitis. The most common risk factors for preseptal cellulitis was ocular allergy while sinus infection was commonest in orbital cellulitis. All patients with orbital cellulitis were admitted into the eye wards out of which 2 (11.8%) of these patients died of septiceamia. Conclusion: Orbital infection is a relatively common ophthalmic emergency which is a cause of visual impairment and blindness. The most common risk factor for preseptal cellulitis was ocular allergy while sinus infection was commonest in orbital cellulitis. Aggressive and goal oriented awareness campaign for early presentation of patients with these infections at eye care facility is advocated to prevent unnecessary death from this ophthalmic emergency.},
 year = {2020}
}

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