International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy

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Clinical Course of Five COVID-19 Patients and Treatment Updates

Received: 10 July 2020    Accepted: 28 July 2020    Published: 20 August 2020
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Abstract

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) was discovered to be a cause of pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China in late 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the disease as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared it as a pandemic in March 2020. Since the detection of the first case of COVID-19 in the United States on January 20th, 2020 in Washington State, the pandemic is still expanding. As of July 8th, the United States (U.S.) has the maximum number (3.1 million) of confirmed COVID-19 patients. In this case series, we are presenting the clinical course of the first five confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted to a community hospital in the U.S. in the beginning of March 2020. We analyzed their clinical characteristics, pre-existing comorbidities, laboratory and radiological findings. The clinical management and outcomes are discussed alongside the literature review about current management options. In conclusion, primary management is supportive care to improve oxygenation by various methods. Safety and efficacy of treatment options including ramdesevir, IL-6 inhibitors and convalescent plasma have not yet been established and none of these is FDA approved so far. Increased age (>80 years), hypoxia at the time of presentation and pre-existing co-morbidities are likely related with poor outcomes.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.17
Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2020)
Page(s) 74-80
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pneumonia, Coronavirus, Pandemic

References
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[4] Omer, Saad B., Preeti Malani, and Carlos Del Rio. "The COVID-19 Pandemic in the US." JAMA, 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.5788.
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[6] World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: Surveillance and case definitions. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/surveillance-and-case-definitions.
[7] Chung, M., Bernheim, A., Mei, X., Zhang, N., Huang, M., Zeng, X., Cui, J., Xu, W., Yang, Y., Fayad, Z. A., Jacobi, A., Li, K., Li, S., & Shan, H. (2020). CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Radiology, 295 (1), 202-207. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200230.
[8] Salehi, S., Abedi, A., Balakrishnan, S., & Gholamrezanezhad, A. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients. American Journal of Roentgenology, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.20.23034.
[9] Xie, X., Zhong, Z., Zhao, W., Zheng, C., Wang, F., & Liu, J. (2020). Chest CT for Typical 2019-nCoV Pneumonia: Relationship to Negative RT-PCR Testing. Radiology, 200343. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200343.
[10] Pan, F., Ye, T., Sun, P., Gui, S., Liang, B., Li, L., Zheng, D., Wang, J., Hesketh, R. L., Yang, L., & Zheng, C. (2020). Time Course of Lung Changes On Chest CT During Recovery From 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia. Radiology, 200370. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.202020037.
[11] Wu, Zunyou, and Jennifer M. McGoogan. "Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China." JAMA 323, no. 13 (2020), 1239. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648.
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Author Information
  • Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey, United States

  • Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey, United States

  • Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey, United States

  • Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States

  • BronxCare Health System, Bronx, United States

  • Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey, United States

  • Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey, United States

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mohsin Sheraz Mughal, Ikwinder Preet Kaur, Rameez Rehman, Hasan Mahmood Mirza, Harjot Singh Jagdey, et al. (2020). Clinical Course of Five COVID-19 Patients and Treatment Updates. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 5(3), 74-80. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.17

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    ACS Style

    Mohsin Sheraz Mughal; Ikwinder Preet Kaur; Rameez Rehman; Hasan Mahmood Mirza; Harjot Singh Jagdey, et al. Clinical Course of Five COVID-19 Patients and Treatment Updates. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2020, 5(3), 74-80. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.17

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    AMA Style

    Mohsin Sheraz Mughal, Ikwinder Preet Kaur, Rameez Rehman, Hasan Mahmood Mirza, Harjot Singh Jagdey, et al. Clinical Course of Five COVID-19 Patients and Treatment Updates. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2020;5(3):74-80. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.17

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.17,
      author = {Mohsin Sheraz Mughal and Ikwinder Preet Kaur and Rameez Rehman and Hasan Mahmood Mirza and Harjot Singh Jagdey and Chandler Patton and Wael Ghali},
      title = {Clinical Course of Five COVID-19 Patients and Treatment Updates},
      journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
      volume = {5},
      number = {3},
      pages = {74-80},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200503.17},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20200503.17},
      abstract = {Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) was discovered to be a cause of pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China in late 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the disease as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared it as a pandemic in March 2020. Since the detection of the first case of COVID-19 in the United States on January 20th, 2020 in Washington State, the pandemic is still expanding. As of July 8th, the United States (U.S.) has the maximum number (3.1 million) of confirmed COVID-19 patients. In this case series, we are presenting the clinical course of the first five confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted to a community hospital in the U.S. in the beginning of March 2020. We analyzed their clinical characteristics, pre-existing comorbidities, laboratory and radiological findings. The clinical management and outcomes are discussed alongside the literature review about current management options. In conclusion, primary management is supportive care to improve oxygenation by various methods. Safety and efficacy of treatment options including ramdesevir, IL-6 inhibitors and convalescent plasma have not yet been established and none of these is FDA approved so far. Increased age (>80 years), hypoxia at the time of presentation and pre-existing co-morbidities are likely related with poor outcomes.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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    AU  - Rameez Rehman
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    AB  - Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) was discovered to be a cause of pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China in late 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the disease as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared it as a pandemic in March 2020. Since the detection of the first case of COVID-19 in the United States on January 20th, 2020 in Washington State, the pandemic is still expanding. As of July 8th, the United States (U.S.) has the maximum number (3.1 million) of confirmed COVID-19 patients. In this case series, we are presenting the clinical course of the first five confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted to a community hospital in the U.S. in the beginning of March 2020. We analyzed their clinical characteristics, pre-existing comorbidities, laboratory and radiological findings. The clinical management and outcomes are discussed alongside the literature review about current management options. In conclusion, primary management is supportive care to improve oxygenation by various methods. Safety and efficacy of treatment options including ramdesevir, IL-6 inhibitors and convalescent plasma have not yet been established and none of these is FDA approved so far. Increased age (>80 years), hypoxia at the time of presentation and pre-existing co-morbidities are likely related with poor outcomes.
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