American Journal of Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

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Epidemiological Factors and Preventable Tuberculosis Transmission in a Hospital Setting in Malaysia

Received: 05 March 2017    Accepted: 05 April 2017    Published: 03 May 2017
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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health challenge in Malaysia. Delay in diagnosing and treating TB patients are associated with TB transmission. These treatment delays can be reduced by identifying and managing the contributing epidemiological factors. This study measured the magnitude of the delays in TB treatment in terms of patient delay, medical visit delay and treatment initiation delay. In addition, it aims to identify epidemiological factors contributing to these delays, the disease severity and positive sputum smear outcome. This is a cross sectional study of TB patients in a district hospital and the outcomes were computed in terms of percentage, survival curve, odds ratio and confidence interval. The patient delay, medical visit delay and initiation of treatment delay are 73%, 53% and 14% respectively. Patient delay is reduced to 50% after 28 days and is eliminated after 1120 days. Malay patients and patients without family history of TB have higher risk of experiencing all three delays. Non-Malays, males, patients with family history of TB and patients with TB contact have been related to higher risk of severe form of TB and positive smear. TB transmission can be reduced by managing the epidemiological factors identified in TB control measures.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajprm.20170202.13
Published in American Journal of Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2017)
Page(s) 28-32
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

TB Transmission, Treatment Delay, Epidemiological Factor

References
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[19] Kigozi IM, Dobkin LM, Martin JN, Geng EH, Muyindike W, Emenyonu NI, Bangsberg DR, Hahn JA: Late-disease stage at presentation to an HIV clinic in the era of free antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009; 52(2):280-289.
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Author Information
  • Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

  • Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia

  • Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia

  • Faculty of Medicine, Melaka Manipal Medical University, Melaka, Malaysia

  • Krian District Health Department, Perak Health Department, Perak, Malaysia

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  • APA Style

    Thana Sehgaran Shanmugam, Nyanamalar Sivapalan, Nirmalatiban Parthiban, Tha Shanmuga Sundari Thana Sehgaran, Puvanewari Subramanian. (2017). Epidemiological Factors and Preventable Tuberculosis Transmission in a Hospital Setting in Malaysia. American Journal of Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, 2(2), 28-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajprm.20170202.13

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    ACS Style

    Thana Sehgaran Shanmugam; Nyanamalar Sivapalan; Nirmalatiban Parthiban; Tha Shanmuga Sundari Thana Sehgaran; Puvanewari Subramanian. Epidemiological Factors and Preventable Tuberculosis Transmission in a Hospital Setting in Malaysia. Am. J. Pulm. Respir. Med. 2017, 2(2), 28-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajprm.20170202.13

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    AMA Style

    Thana Sehgaran Shanmugam, Nyanamalar Sivapalan, Nirmalatiban Parthiban, Tha Shanmuga Sundari Thana Sehgaran, Puvanewari Subramanian. Epidemiological Factors and Preventable Tuberculosis Transmission in a Hospital Setting in Malaysia. Am J Pulm Respir Med. 2017;2(2):28-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajprm.20170202.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajprm.20170202.13,
      author = {Thana Sehgaran Shanmugam and Nyanamalar Sivapalan and Nirmalatiban Parthiban and Tha Shanmuga Sundari Thana Sehgaran and Puvanewari Subramanian},
      title = {Epidemiological Factors and Preventable Tuberculosis Transmission in a Hospital Setting in Malaysia},
      journal = {American Journal of Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2},
      pages = {28-32},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajprm.20170202.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajprm.20170202.13},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajprm.20170202.13},
      abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health challenge in Malaysia. Delay in diagnosing and treating TB patients are associated with TB transmission. These treatment delays can be reduced by identifying and managing the contributing epidemiological factors. This study measured the magnitude of the delays in TB treatment in terms of patient delay, medical visit delay and treatment initiation delay. In addition, it aims to identify epidemiological factors contributing to these delays, the disease severity and positive sputum smear outcome. This is a cross sectional study of TB patients in a district hospital and the outcomes were computed in terms of percentage, survival curve, odds ratio and confidence interval. The patient delay, medical visit delay and initiation of treatment delay are 73%, 53% and 14% respectively. Patient delay is reduced to 50% after 28 days and is eliminated after 1120 days. Malay patients and patients without family history of TB have higher risk of experiencing all three delays. Non-Malays, males, patients with family history of TB and patients with TB contact have been related to higher risk of severe form of TB and positive smear. TB transmission can be reduced by managing the epidemiological factors identified in TB control measures.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Epidemiological Factors and Preventable Tuberculosis Transmission in a Hospital Setting in Malaysia
    AU  - Thana Sehgaran Shanmugam
    AU  - Nyanamalar Sivapalan
    AU  - Nirmalatiban Parthiban
    AU  - Tha Shanmuga Sundari Thana Sehgaran
    AU  - Puvanewari Subramanian
    Y1  - 2017/05/03
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajprm.20170202.13
    T2  - American Journal of Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
    JF  - American Journal of Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
    JO  - American Journal of Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
    SP  - 28
    EP  - 32
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajprm.20170202.13
    AB  - Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health challenge in Malaysia. Delay in diagnosing and treating TB patients are associated with TB transmission. These treatment delays can be reduced by identifying and managing the contributing epidemiological factors. This study measured the magnitude of the delays in TB treatment in terms of patient delay, medical visit delay and treatment initiation delay. In addition, it aims to identify epidemiological factors contributing to these delays, the disease severity and positive sputum smear outcome. This is a cross sectional study of TB patients in a district hospital and the outcomes were computed in terms of percentage, survival curve, odds ratio and confidence interval. The patient delay, medical visit delay and initiation of treatment delay are 73%, 53% and 14% respectively. Patient delay is reduced to 50% after 28 days and is eliminated after 1120 days. Malay patients and patients without family history of TB have higher risk of experiencing all three delays. Non-Malays, males, patients with family history of TB and patients with TB contact have been related to higher risk of severe form of TB and positive smear. TB transmission can be reduced by managing the epidemiological factors identified in TB control measures.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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