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Factors Contributing to Missed Opportunities and Incomplete Vaccination of Children: A Focus on Mothers in Rumbek Centre County of Lakes State South Sudan

Received: 21 July 2019    Accepted: 13 August 2019    Published: 26 August 2019
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Abstract

Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs) have been proven to be easily mitigated among the infants/children if the target population is effectively mobilized to receive the vaccines especially at the appropriate ages. The role played by mothers/guides in ensuring their wards get vaccinated appropriately cannot be over-emphasized. Their knowledge and attitude towards immunization can either promote or retard the possibility for missed opportunity and incomplete vaccination of this vulnerable and helpless population. The main objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of the mothers/guides and to determine the predicting factors contributing to the missed opportunities and incomplete vaccination in Rumbek Centre County Lakes State of South Sudan. The study was carried out at the Rumbek State Hospital and Matangai Primary Health Care Centre, both in Rumbek Centre County of Lakes State in South Sudan. A descriptive cross sectional study of mothers/guides attending immunization clinics of both health units was carried out. Inclusion of participants was done by simple random sampling. Data was obtained through the use of structured, self-administered questionnaire. Summated scores were used to grade respondents’ knowledge and attitude towards immunization. Data analysis was done using the Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. Data were presented using descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, and pie charts. Inferential statistics of Chi-square was used to test for associations between various socio-demographic variables and the knowledge and attitude of mothers/guides towards immunization. A considerably high proportion of mothers/guides (72.1%) have good knowledge on immunization with 27.9% of them having poor knowledge on immunization. Slightly above average (52.9%) of the mothers/guides have good attitude towards immunization while a fairly large proportion (47.1%) of them have poor attitude towards immunization. Marital status, level of education, occupation and number of children were all found to have statistically significantly associated (P<0.05) with the mothers’/guides’ knowledge on immunization. This study further revealed that Marital status, religion, level of education and occupation have statistical significant association (P<0.05) with the attitudes of the mothers/guides towards immunization. Vaccination compliance analysis in this study revealed a downward trend along the various vaccines/indicators based on age and vaccines received by each respondent’s child. Among the suggested recommendations include improved immunization health education for mothers/guides, training and re-training of vaccinators/health workers, effective tracking of defaulters and concerted efforts towards lasting peace in South Sudan.

Published in World Journal of Public Health (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.wjph.20190403.11
Page(s) 47-54
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vaccination, Missed Opportunities, Mothers/Guides, Knowledge and Attitude

References
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[2] Favin, L. T., Jackson, D., Engebretsen, I. M., Zembe, W., Sanders, D., Sommerfelt, H., and Tylleskar, T. (2011). Vaccination coverage and timelines in South African areas: a prospective study. BMC Public Health, 11 (1) 1. http://doi.org/10.11.1186/1471-2458-11-404.
[3] World Health Organization- WHO (2011): Global routine immunization coverage.
[4] Funmilayo, A. (2013). Determinants of Full Child Immunization among 12-23 months old in Nigeria. Retrieved June 23, 2016 from http://paa2013.princeton.edu/abstracts/131634.
[5] Kenya Demographic Health Survey- KDHS (2008/2009).
[6] Thaddaeus Egondi, Maharouf Oyolola Martin K Mutua, Patricia Elungata (2015: Determinants of immunization inequality among urban poor children: Evidence from Nairobi's informal settlements International Journal for Equity in Health 14 (1) DOI: 10.1186/s12939-015-0154-2.
[7] World Health Organization (2013): Expanded Program on Immunization.
[8] United Nation Development Program- UNDP (2013): Annual Report on immunization.
[9] World Health Organization Report- WHO (2014): Comparing static and outreach immunization.
[10] Trepo C. G., Stevens C. E., Szmuness W (2014): Prevention of hepatitis B infections by passive immunization. Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio, Volume 7, Issue 3, pp 198–208|.
[11] Maina, L. C., Karanja, S., Kombich, J. (2013). Immunization Compliance and its determinants among children aged 12-23 months in a peri-urban area of Kenya. The Pan African.
[12] Frehiwot Birhanu, Asrat Meleko, Mesfin Geremew (2016): Assessment of Child Immunization Coverage and Associated Factors with Full Vaccination among Children Aged 12–23 Months at Mizan Aman Town, Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. International Journal of Pediatrics Volume 2017 (Article ID 7976587): 11 pages DOI: 10.1155/2017/7976587.
[13] Ramadan H. A, Soliman S. M, Abd El-kader R. G (2016): Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers toward Children's Obligatory Vaccination. Journal of clinical sciences vol 16 issue 1 pg 7-14.
[14] Awodele O, Oreagba I. A, Akinyede A D. F. Awodele Dolapo D. C (2010): The knowledge and attitude towards childhood immunization among mothers attending antenatal clinic in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Tanzania journal of Health research vol 12i3. 51112.
[15] Huong Trinh Thi1, Thuy DO THI THUY, Christine THOMAS-AGNAN, Quang Dung NGUYEN and Huy NGUYEN VAN (2018): Measuring the progress of the timeliness childhood immunization compliance in Vietnam between 2006-2014: A decomposition analysis.
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    Ebenezer Obi Daniel, Paul Olaiya Abiodun, Gabriel Omoniyi Ayeni, Olayinka Victor Ojo, John Biar Anyieth, et al. (2019). Factors Contributing to Missed Opportunities and Incomplete Vaccination of Children: A Focus on Mothers in Rumbek Centre County of Lakes State South Sudan. World Journal of Public Health, 4(3), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20190403.11

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    Ebenezer Obi Daniel; Paul Olaiya Abiodun; Gabriel Omoniyi Ayeni; Olayinka Victor Ojo; John Biar Anyieth, et al. Factors Contributing to Missed Opportunities and Incomplete Vaccination of Children: A Focus on Mothers in Rumbek Centre County of Lakes State South Sudan. World J. Public Health 2019, 4(3), 47-54. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20190403.11

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    AMA Style

    Ebenezer Obi Daniel, Paul Olaiya Abiodun, Gabriel Omoniyi Ayeni, Olayinka Victor Ojo, John Biar Anyieth, et al. Factors Contributing to Missed Opportunities and Incomplete Vaccination of Children: A Focus on Mothers in Rumbek Centre County of Lakes State South Sudan. World J Public Health. 2019;4(3):47-54. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20190403.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.wjph.20190403.11,
      author = {Ebenezer Obi Daniel and Paul Olaiya Abiodun and Gabriel Omoniyi Ayeni and Olayinka Victor Ojo and John Biar Anyieth and Oladapo Michael Olagbegi},
      title = {Factors Contributing to Missed Opportunities and Incomplete Vaccination of Children: A Focus on Mothers in Rumbek Centre County of Lakes State South Sudan},
      journal = {World Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {4},
      number = {3},
      pages = {47-54},
      doi = {10.11648/j.wjph.20190403.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20190403.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20190403.11},
      abstract = {Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs) have been proven to be easily mitigated among the infants/children if the target population is effectively mobilized to receive the vaccines especially at the appropriate ages. The role played by mothers/guides in ensuring their wards get vaccinated appropriately cannot be over-emphasized. Their knowledge and attitude towards immunization can either promote or retard the possibility for missed opportunity and incomplete vaccination of this vulnerable and helpless population. The main objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of the mothers/guides and to determine the predicting factors contributing to the missed opportunities and incomplete vaccination in Rumbek Centre County Lakes State of South Sudan. The study was carried out at the Rumbek State Hospital and Matangai Primary Health Care Centre, both in Rumbek Centre County of Lakes State in South Sudan. A descriptive cross sectional study of mothers/guides attending immunization clinics of both health units was carried out. Inclusion of participants was done by simple random sampling. Data was obtained through the use of structured, self-administered questionnaire. Summated scores were used to grade respondents’ knowledge and attitude towards immunization. Data analysis was done using the Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. Data were presented using descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, and pie charts. Inferential statistics of Chi-square was used to test for associations between various socio-demographic variables and the knowledge and attitude of mothers/guides towards immunization. A considerably high proportion of mothers/guides (72.1%) have good knowledge on immunization with 27.9% of them having poor knowledge on immunization. Slightly above average (52.9%) of the mothers/guides have good attitude towards immunization while a fairly large proportion (47.1%) of them have poor attitude towards immunization. Marital status, level of education, occupation and number of children were all found to have statistically significantly associated (P<0.05) with the mothers’/guides’ knowledge on immunization. This study further revealed that Marital status, religion, level of education and occupation have statistical significant association (P<0.05) with the attitudes of the mothers/guides towards immunization. Vaccination compliance analysis in this study revealed a downward trend along the various vaccines/indicators based on age and vaccines received by each respondent’s child. Among the suggested recommendations include improved immunization health education for mothers/guides, training and re-training of vaccinators/health workers, effective tracking of defaulters and concerted efforts towards lasting peace in South Sudan.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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    T1  - Factors Contributing to Missed Opportunities and Incomplete Vaccination of Children: A Focus on Mothers in Rumbek Centre County of Lakes State South Sudan
    AU  - Ebenezer Obi Daniel
    AU  - Paul Olaiya Abiodun
    AU  - Gabriel Omoniyi Ayeni
    AU  - Olayinka Victor Ojo
    AU  - John Biar Anyieth
    AU  - Oladapo Michael Olagbegi
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    T2  - World Journal of Public Health
    JF  - World Journal of Public Health
    JO  - World Journal of Public Health
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    AB  - Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs) have been proven to be easily mitigated among the infants/children if the target population is effectively mobilized to receive the vaccines especially at the appropriate ages. The role played by mothers/guides in ensuring their wards get vaccinated appropriately cannot be over-emphasized. Their knowledge and attitude towards immunization can either promote or retard the possibility for missed opportunity and incomplete vaccination of this vulnerable and helpless population. The main objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of the mothers/guides and to determine the predicting factors contributing to the missed opportunities and incomplete vaccination in Rumbek Centre County Lakes State of South Sudan. The study was carried out at the Rumbek State Hospital and Matangai Primary Health Care Centre, both in Rumbek Centre County of Lakes State in South Sudan. A descriptive cross sectional study of mothers/guides attending immunization clinics of both health units was carried out. Inclusion of participants was done by simple random sampling. Data was obtained through the use of structured, self-administered questionnaire. Summated scores were used to grade respondents’ knowledge and attitude towards immunization. Data analysis was done using the Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. Data were presented using descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, and pie charts. Inferential statistics of Chi-square was used to test for associations between various socio-demographic variables and the knowledge and attitude of mothers/guides towards immunization. A considerably high proportion of mothers/guides (72.1%) have good knowledge on immunization with 27.9% of them having poor knowledge on immunization. Slightly above average (52.9%) of the mothers/guides have good attitude towards immunization while a fairly large proportion (47.1%) of them have poor attitude towards immunization. Marital status, level of education, occupation and number of children were all found to have statistically significantly associated (P<0.05) with the mothers’/guides’ knowledge on immunization. This study further revealed that Marital status, religion, level of education and occupation have statistical significant association (P<0.05) with the attitudes of the mothers/guides towards immunization. Vaccination compliance analysis in this study revealed a downward trend along the various vaccines/indicators based on age and vaccines received by each respondent’s child. Among the suggested recommendations include improved immunization health education for mothers/guides, training and re-training of vaccinators/health workers, effective tracking of defaulters and concerted efforts towards lasting peace in South Sudan.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana

  • Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana

  • Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana

  • Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana

  • Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana

  • Department of Physiotherapy, University of Kwazulu-Natal Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa

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